No 4 (2025)

in the context of the modern development of the vocational education system, special attention is paid to the economic aspects of the introduction of innovative pedagogical technologies, since they have a significant impact not only on improving the quality of training specialists, but also on the efficiency of using the resources of educational organizations. The article analyzes the main directions and factors of the economic effectiveness of the introduction of innovative methods. The costs of training, budget optimization opportunities, risk assessment and prospects for increasing the competitiveness of educational institutions are considered, as well as mechanisms for financing and integrating innovations into the educational process are discussed. The conclusion is made about the importance of a reasonable combination of economic and pedagogical solutions in the field of vocational education to achieve sustainable development of the system of training qualified personnel.

the article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the country's productive forces, including labor, fixed assets, technology and infrastructure. Modern assessment methods such as the intersectoral balance (ISB), optimization models and digital technologies that identify key points of economic growth are considered. Special attention is paid to regional aspects and optimality criteria that determine the efficiency of resource allocation. The paper substantiates the use of mathematical and digital tools to improve the accuracy of forecasting and strategic planning. The research results can be used by government agencies to develop economic policies and investment programs.

the development of digital technologies, in particular blockchain, has led to the emergence of a new asset class – digital assets. These assets are transforming the global financial system, creating new opportunities and challenges, especially in the context of legal regulation and transaction security. The purpose of the study. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of digital assets in the Russian and international markets, identify key development trends and determine the prospects for their use. Materials and methods: an analytical review using content analysis, comparative and system analysis was used. Scientific publications, regulatory legal acts of Russia and foreign countries, reports of financial regulators, international organizations, and statistical data from research agencies were used as sources of information. Results and discussions: the institutional development of the digital asset market, the growing interest of large financial institutions, the expansion of DeFi and Web3, and the active testing and implementation of CBDCs in various countries were noted. The international market is characterized by high volatility, lack of uniform standards and legal fragmentation. Russia maintains a conservative approach to regulating cryptocurrencies, while developing a regulatory framework for digital financial assets and the digital ruble. Geopolitical challenges are driving the use of digital assets in cross-border settlements, but legal uncertainty and technical risks remain significant obstacles. A comparative analysis of the regulatory approaches of key jurisdictions has been carried out, and similarities and differences with Russian practice have been identified. Conclusions: digital assets are an important factor in the transformation of the financial sector, requiring balanced and integrated regulation. Russia needs further adaptation of legislation, taking into account international experience and national peculiarities, development of security infrastructure, improvement of financial literacy and intensification of international cooperation. This will ensure the sustainable and secure development of digital financial ecosystems at both the national and global levels.

the article focuses on the systematization and classification of the problems faced by farming households in North and East African countries under conditions of import dependence. The methodological foundation of the study incorporates four key concepts: institutional theory, food security theory, sustainable development theory, and import dependence theory. Their comprehensive application made it possible to examine both macroeconomic and microeconomic factors that shape the vulnerability of the region’s farming households to external market fluctuations. The article employs methods of systems analysis, content analysis of strategic documents, and classification, which enabled the identification of the primary groups of farmers’ problems: those directly related to import dependence (e.g., high cost of imported goods, lack of modern technologies and equipment), indirectly related (lack of investments, low profitability, land degradation), as well as independent of imports (political barriers, low educational levels, underdeveloped infrastructure). The proposed classifications take into account the nature of these issues (systemic or operational) and their level of manageability (resolvable at the level of farming households, the state, or requiring international cooperation). It is revealed that addressing these problems necessitates a comprehensive approach that combines reforms in agricultural policy, the development of local infrastructure and cooperatives, improvement in farmers’ education, and the introduction of innovative technologies. The findings can be used to formulate a sustainable development strategy for the agro-industrial complex of North and East African countries aimed at reducing import dependence and enhancing food security.

the modern development of the oil and gas industry and the petrochemical sector is determined not only by the scale of hydrocarbon extraction, but also by the efficiency of their processing. In the context of increasing global competition and rising demands for deep processing of raw materials, the Russian economy faces the challenge of enhancing the investment attractiveness of the downstream sector. Despite high production volumes, the depth of refining in Russia remains below international standards, necessitating the development of strategically grounded investment solutions. This article examines methodological approaches to assessing the economic efficiency of investment projects in the oil and gas sector, with a particular focus on processing. The analysis covers international (UNIDO, EBRD, etc.) and Russian (Ministry of Economic Development) methodologies, as well as a classification of investment risks. Special attention is given to modern approaches such as MIRR, ENPV, and ANPV, which allow for the incorporation of both external uncertainties and project financing structure. Based on the study results, a classification of investment efficiency indicators is proposed. The outcomes of the research systematize existing approaches to investment project evaluation and provide a foundation for the development of digital tools for analyzing investment efficiency in the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries.

the growth of project risks observed in our time causes increased demands on the quality of investment analysis, for which analysts are personally responsible. One of the systematic ways to improve the quality of investment decisions is to introduce the discipline "financial modeling" into the educational practice of economic universities, which is a comprehensive tool for assessing investment projects and analyzing project risks. Financial modeling is a complex subject that requires students to have a deep knowledge of economic theory, accounting and financial accounting and reporting practices, as well as skills in building systems (projects) with complex internal relationships of indicators. To ensure that all students fully understand the material, the course was structured into difficulty levels that differ in the detail of calculations and the number of calculated elements. It was determined that students' basic knowledge of the methodology of financial modeling ensures acceptable and sufficient training of specialists for investment analysis in the economic divisions of companies. The results of the study, such as the proposed methodological approaches to organizing training and educational materials, were tested during the educational process at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University in master's programs. The results of the implementation were an improvement in the quality of master's theses, as well as positive feedback from graduates and their employers.

the purpose of the research is to develop a theoretical approach to the concept of a trade format in application to the local consumer food market. Methods: the main research method is a meaningful analysis of scientific and legal texts in order to systematize approaches and develop a reasonable definition of the term trade format. The relevance of forming a theoretical approach to the interpretation of the trade format is due to the need to unify trade terminology, including in order to conduct a comparative analysis of the state of local food markets, as well as to give greater manageability in their development through the use of the potential of various trade formats. Results: based on a meaningful analysis of existing scientific views and norms, it is concluded that there is no uniformity of approaches to the concept of a trade format. Based on the results of the evaluation of the texts, trends in the study of this term, as well as a vector in the legal regulation of trading activities, are highlighted through the use of regulatory influence on the development of specific trade formats. Conclusions: based on the identified trends, grouping of research in this area, and identified problems of existing definitions, the author's approach is formulated to ensure flexibility, operationality, and adaptability of its application in the development of local food markets.

the article examines the digital transformation of banks and the application of new approaches, processes and products in the face of fierce industry and cross-industry competition, the threat of expanding the range of non-bank payment service providers. The transition of financial and credit institutions to the digital environment is the main trend in the development of the Russian economy and the world, as well as an important condition for maintaining the competitiveness of banks that are unable to meet the increased needs of customers solely with traditional services. Digitalization poses serious challenges to existing business models, including banks, which are currently undergoing a transformation process around the world. The study identifies the main directions and tools of digital transformation, which allows banks to effectively respond to changes in consumer preferences and the technological environment. With the rapid development of technology and changing consumer preferences, the digital transformation of the banking sector is becoming not just a trend, but a necessity. Banks are facing challenges such as the growing popularity of fintech companies offering innovative solutions and services that are often more convenient and affordable. This puts pressure on traditional financial institutions, requiring them to implement new technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data analytics as soon as possible. As a result of the conducted research, the analysis of new approaches, processes and products of digital transformation is carried out.

as you know, the digital transformation of most sectors of the economy ensures their increased efficiency by reducing the time and cost of performing routine processes, as well as simplifying the collection, storage and processing of big data. The practical achievement of the goals of digital transformation is achieved through the implementation of specific projects in the field of information technology. The widespread use of IT projects requires the development of methodological approaches to assess their cost-effectiveness, as well as project risks. This study describes the development of a scenario approach to assessing the effectiveness of investment projects in relation to IT projects. Previously, the calculation of another scenario of an investment project assumed the need for preliminary risk identification based on qualitative risk analysis methods. Then an alternative project scenario was calculated. Our proposal is to programmatically implement the calculation of multiple project implementation scenarios using the Monte Carlo method. During the analysis of a significant array of IT projects, it was found that in about half of the cases, monetization is carried out due to the number of users on a subscription. At the same time, the key risk is the failure to achieve planned sales, which is of great importance in the context of a limited product life cycle. Therefore, we took the deadline for achieving planned sales as a variable parameter in the economic and mathematical model of the project. The revenue function depending on time was taken as the main metric of the project, and the probability density functions of key performance indicators, such as NPV, IRR and payback periods, were also studied. The results of the study, such as the proposed methodological approaches and software implementation, were tested on real IT projects and demonstrated their clarity and usefulness in assessing project risks.

this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of anti-fraud mechanisms in the financial markets of the CIS countries, implemented by national central banks. The study is based on a multivariate analysis of regulatory initiatives taken in 2020-2024 and their impact on the dynamics of financial crimes. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of the regulatory frameworks of six CIS countries, statistical analysis of data on identified fraud cases, an expert survey of representatives of the financial sector (n = 127), and modeling of correlations between the implementation of regulatory initiatives and changes in the frequency of fraudulent activities. The results demonstrate that the introduction of comprehensive measures to monitor suspicious transactions reduced the number of successful fraudulent attacks by 37.4% in countries with a high level of integration of digital regulatory technologies. A significant correlation (r = 0.78, p <0.01) was found between the degree of interagency coordination and the effectiveness of detecting fraudulent schemes. It has been established that automated early warning systems using artificial intelligence increase the efficiency of blocking suspicious transactions by 68.3%. The study also demonstrates that the effectiveness of countering fraud directly depends on the depth of international cooperation between regulators (determination coefficient R?=0.67). The obtained results can serve as a basis for developing a unified methodology for countering financial fraud within the framework of integration associations.

the article is devoted to the issues of forming an effective product strategy of the Russians enterprises based on types of portfolio analysis, as conditions for its successful functioning within the framework of regional development. The article offers recommendations on choosing effective strategies for each business unit based on the conclusions of the above methods of analyzing strategic business units forс the purpose of successful regional development. The tendency of competition for the reference standard is noted and it is suggested that there are discrepancies between the strategies of the enterprise's businesses for a number of factors, which may serve as an obstacle to meeting the status of an extraterritorial standard. The research is based on general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison. Comparing the effects of the studied enterprise strategies allowed us to identify similarities and differences. According to the distinctive characteristics, a grouping is made with a description of the causes of discrepancies and their possible effects. As well as the impact of these effects on the economic development of the region.

in this article, the analysis of statistical data characterizing the dynamics of the formation of employment in the labor market of the Kurgan region is carried out. Special attention is paid to the factors that determine the growth rates and the structure of employment as the main indicator of economic development of the region. The analysis revealed a number of serious problems, including a decrease in the working-age population, an imbalance between supply and demand, a low share of high-tech jobs, and a weak development of self-employment and entrepreneurship. This fundamentally changes the classical model of labor market formation, where demand was the decisive factor. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of employment in the Kurgan Region and develop reasonable recommendations for improving the mechanisms of state regulation of the regional labor market. Methods: statistical methods of data analysis and comparative study, methods of generalization and modeling, systematization and grouping. Results (Findings): In order to improve the regulation of employment in the region, it is proposed: creation of a digital employment map and the introduction of AI tools for the selection of vacancies and forecasting market needs; introduction of tax and personnel incentives for employers, especially in the SME and agro-industrial complex; expansion of the microfinance system and support for self-employed; creation of mobile out-of-town ZN, online navigators and digital educational platforms. Conclusions: the developed proposals can serve as a practical basis for improving the effectiveness of regional employment policies and adapting them to modern socio-economic challenges. Their implementation will help to reduce unemployment, improve the use of labor potential, strengthen social stability, increase the investment attractiveness of the region, and ensure sustainable economic development in the Kurgan Region in the context of digital transformation.

purpose of the research is to develop a mechanism for improving the formation of an innovative infrastructure for the development of service sector organizations in the context of digital transformation. Methods: descriptive methods, the process approach, the system-reproduction approach, and the Deming-Shuhart cycle are used as methods in the presented study. Findings: the study presents a mechanism for improving the formation of an innovative infrastructure for the development of service sector organizations in the context of digital transformation, consisting of four blocks and based on the development of human capital. The process and system-reproduction approaches are used as a methodological basis for the mechanism. Conclusions: The developed mechanism is a complex of interrelated processes implemented through special tools aimed at improving the formation of a system of innovation infrastructure elements that promotes the generation, implementation and scaling of innovations in service organizations, thereby implementing their innovative development in the areas of digital transformation, through increasing the level of human capital.

the purpose of the study is to investigate, synthesize, and consolidate scholarly approaches, theories, and concepts pertaining to the establishment and effective functioning of urban clusters. The overarching goal is to accelerate the urbanization process and enhance the economic potential of individual regions and the country as a whole. Methods: the methodological framework of this research encompasses comparison, classification, analysis, synthesis, and other relevant approaches. Findings: This current study, focusing on the phenomenon of global urbanization, comprehensively examined theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the concept of “cluster”, which facilitated a novel interpretation of the cluster development approach. Key vectors influencing the competitiveness of the economy via the cluster approach were identified. Particular attention was devoted to a new variant of the cluster approach linked to urbanization and regional development (urban clusters), for which precise definitions were established. The economic benefits of urbanization were analyzed from both demand and supply perspectives. Factors influencing the effectiveness of urban cluster functioning were identified, with most demonstrating an interconnected, multifaceted nature. The mechanisms for implementing urban cluster development were thoroughly explored, including governmental and private sector investments, long-term comprehensive planning, and innovative financing schemes. Based on China's extensive experience, four types of urban clusters were delineated: urban corridors, metropolis-dominated clusters, subnational regional clusters, and cross-border clusters, thereby opening avenues for further comparative analysis. Conclusions: a strategically formulated and effectively implemented urban cluster development strategy offers significant advantages for the economy of a specific region and the state as a whole. Urban cluster development represents a promising direction for enhancing regional economic development, as it ensures inclusive economic growth, accelerates the pace of urbanization, and boosts productivity through economies of scale. Furthermore, it contributes to addressing urban challenges such as environmental pollution. The key success factors include infrastructure quality, the objectivity of the chosen strategy, and the readiness of administrations to adapt to change.

the objective of the present study is twofold: firstly, to test the general hypothesis concerning the infringement of correlation relations of prices in the domestic Russian and global markets; and secondly, to identify and select price indices of ferrous metallurgy markets characterised by a high degree of correlation dependence in conditions of transformation of market interrelations. The ultimate aim of this research is to construct a mechanism of formula pricing. The methods employed in the present study are correlation analysis methods, with a particular focus on the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). The PCC, being a dimensionless value, is a measure of the degree and directionality of linear stochastic dependence between two sets of data. Findings: The findings of the present study corroborate the hypothesis that, in the context of the transformation of markets for raw materials and finished rolled products, the conventional formula pricing mechanism – which previously relied on the close correlation between domestic and global markets – is no longer employed in contemporary pricing practice. In such conditions, it is necessary to actualize the historical interrelations of prices on different markets on the basis of the application of Pearson correlation coefficients. Furthermore, a ready list (matrix) of price pairs must be offered for further use in the formula for prices, guaranteeing stable correlation dependence of market price indicators of selected markets. The interrelationships between price pairs in various markets have been identified, paving the way for the creation of a comprehensive matrix of price correlations. This matrix will serve as a crucial component in the algorithmic design of contracts with formula prices. Conclusions: The hypothesis concerning the rupture of price links between the Russian and global markets post-February 2022 has been substantiated. In the context of the prevailing circumstances, the establishment of long-term contracts predicated on world agency quotations as constituent elements of formulations is deemed unfeasible. Consequently, a recalibration of the formula pricing instrument is imperative, with the initial phase entailing the formulation of a predetermined matrix of price pairs exhibiting stable correlations within the contemporary market environment. The price pairs with stable correlation have been identified and recommended for further use in building the mechanism of formula prices and independent price indicators. It was further recommended that the modified toolkit of formula pricing be utilized, incorporating the methods of linear averaging of quotations (by quarters) and synchronisation of price series with a shift of periods (by one or two quarters). This approach enabled the expansion of the composition of price pairs with stable correlation dependencies. The results obtained in this study provide a solid foundation for the further development of a new toolkit for formula pricing. This toolkit will be based on a ready-made matrix of price pairs, which is a key finding of the research.

the purpose of this study is to develop proposals aimed at the effective implementation of the strategy for innovative and technological development of Russian industry in the context of increasing sanctions. Methods: the study used market analysis methods, statistical methods and a systems approach, allowing for a comprehensive and objective analysis of key indicators of innovative and technological development of the domestic industry, its place in the world market and the development of specific proposals for the country to achieve technological sovereignty. Results: the study analyzed the implementation of all the main documents adopted in the last decade on innovative and technological development of the Russian economy, and also presented data on Russia's position in the world ranking according to the global competitiveness index, the global innovation index, and analyzed the readiness of the national economy to accept and apply advanced technologies. The main reasons for the country's growing lag behind the world's technological leaders are indicated. Conclusions: the identified shortcomings that hinder the innovative and technological development of industry, as well as a thorough analysis of the reasons for the country's continuing technological lag, made it possible to formulate a number of proposals, the implementation of which will contribute to the development of technological entrepreneurship and the solution of the task of the country's entry into the world club of technological leaders.

russian railways are of paramount importance to the country's economy. Despite the fact that JSC “Russian Railways” has many competitors among transport companies, railways remain one of the most significant elements of the transport network as a whole. Since the economic significance of the railway is indisputable, it should be noted that it is advisable to conduct an economic analysis of the main elements. So, let us analyze and consider the financial ratios and dynamics. Based on official statistical indicators, we will give examples of cargo and passenger transportation in general and separately by region, analyze personnel policy, identify categories of specialists, and touch upon the investment program, drawing general conclusions. Based on the analysis of the main elements, we will present a performance plan for 2025. The analysis in the article is carried out using statistical methods, in particular, the method of comparing quantities and dynamics, as well as using structure. It should be noted that the dynamics clearly demonstrates the current picture of the economic situation in the railway industry over the past three years. These types of analysis allow for a more in-depth study of the current situation and suggest solutions to the identified problems.

the purpose of the study is to investigate the methodology of analysis and assessment of the entrepreneur's compliance with payment discipline. Methods: the methods used in the presented study are economic and statistical methods, monographic method and comparison method. Findings: the scientific article presents a methodology for analyzing an entrepreneur's assets, a methodology for analyzing and assessing solvency, and also indicates the consequences of a cash gap. Conclusions: it is indicated that different types of finance differ from each other in the degree of liquidity, that is, the ability to be immediately used as a means of payment; it is noted that the group of finances that are already ready to be immediately used as a means of payment includes only cash; the results of the vertical analysis show the growth of the entrepreneur's economy, the increase in the means of production indicates plans for further development and scaling of the business; the classification of the entrepreneur's assets by the level of liquidity and the classification of liabilities depending on the degree of urgency of repayment are considered; a characteristic of the entrepreneur's prospects is given in relation to the ability to repay existing obligations in a timely manner.

the purpose of the study is to investigate methods for analyzing the liquidity of assets and solvency of an entrepreneur in order to form a mechanism for studying his financial condition. Methods: the methods used in the presented study are economic and statistical methods, monographic method and comparison method. Findings: the scientific article presents a methodology for analyzing an entrepreneur's assets, a methodology for analyzing and assessing solvency, and also indicates the consequences of a cash gap. Conclusions: it is noted that the comparison of the data of the balance sheet by the entrepreneur, and in particular the items of assets and liabilities, informs him about the future prospects for compliance with payment discipline; it is indicated that the analysis of liquidity and solvency is carried out in order to comply with payment discipline; the calculation procedure is shown and the standards of the liquidity ratios of business assets are presented; it is noted that there are quite a lot of methods for analyzing the solvency of an entrepreneur, two methods for analyzing and assessing the solvency of an entrepreneur are presented, and a characteristic of business solvency classes is given; it is indicated that in the fight against cash gaps, it is customary to develop a payment schedule aimed at planning not only the receipts and payments themselves, but also the terms; the consequences of a cash gap are presented.

this article explores various approaches to customer data management within digital platforms operating in the retail sector. While such strategies increasingly shape competitive advantage, a stable methodological framework in this domain has yet to emerge. The tightening of regulatory constraints, the rapid expansion in the volume of collected data, and the growing diversity of user scenarios have created a context in which traditional operational models and managerial routines lose their effectiveness. The objective of the study is to identify the core directions present in academic and applied literature on the topic and to systematize the prevailing approaches to structuring customer data management within platform-based environments. The analysis of sources reveals a significant fragmentation in research perspectives: some authors focus on the marketing use of data, others emphasize behavioral modeling and digital analytics, while still others address platform architectures and market trends. However, essential issues such as ethical infrastructure, regulatory interoperability, and technological isolation in the context of ecosystem competition remain underexamined. The article offers a structured synthesis of existing analytical approaches and formulates key characteristics of a flexible data management infrastructure applicable to retail platforms. The author’s contribution is supported by practical experience drawn from the Tkaniti project, launched in 2020 as an online store specializing in Italian fabrics and accessories. The findings are relevant for scholars in the field of digital transformation, platform architects, and strategic planners in the retail industry.

the aim of the study is to identify the problems of increasing energy efficiency and the state of the crypto industry in China as a factor influencing its dynamics. Within the framework of this subject study area, the role of energy efficiency in the context of the global energy transition is determined; the results of the SDG progress in the field of energy efficiency are analyzed; the global and regional dynamics of energy consumption and energy intensity of GDP are studied; trends, priorities, factors, medium-term prospects and contribution of China to the dynamics of energy efficiency are identified; trends and the impact of the cryptocurrency mining market on global energy efficiency are studied; factors and problems influencing the development of the crypto industry and the mining market in China are identified; differences in the views of experts on this issue are revealed, etc. Methods: the methods used to study the dynamics and factors of energy efficiency include a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative analytical tools, temporal and spatial approaches, dynamic data analysis, legal documents analysis and generalization of expert opinions, methods of comparative analysis and data grouping, methods of graphical and tabular presentation of information, etc. Findings: The study found that despite the general global trend of accelerating energy efficiency growth, a number of factors, such as fossil fuels low prices, insufficient funding and effectiveness of government programs, high inflation, the debt crisis, etc., have a negative impact on this process. It was also found that the Asia-Pacific region, with China playing a leading role, makes the greatest contribution to reducing the energy intensity of global GDP. Factors hindering the achievement of sustainable energy goals in the modern energy transition include low prices for fossil fuels, insufficient public funding, low efficiency of government programs, shortage of skilled workers, etc. The benefits of energy efficiency growth received by countries include reduced risks of high volatility of electricity prices, increased energy security, the emergence of new types of economic activity, etc. Achieving energy efficiency goals in China with increasing energy demand is constrained by the need to maintain the GDP growth rate and energy-intensive industries, the lack of the necessary market signals to reduce it, the high share of coal in the energy balance, etc. It was revealed that the migration of Chinese miners and the changing methodology for assessing the energy costs of mining under the existing cryptocurrency mining ban in China complicates the quantitative analysis of the impact of mining on the GDP energy intensity, but at present the PRC is the world's largest owner of the Bitcoin mining network, and the foreign Chinese farms have a price advantage over the local mining business. Conclusions: Being a leader in the use of renewable energy sources, China will experience a number of obstacles to reducing the GDP energy intensity and the growth rate of greenhouse gas emissions, including the activities of illegal miners, which are currently banned in mainland China. A study of expert opinions showed the ambiguity of views of Chinese experts on the prospects and impact of the mining market on the Chinese economy. At the moment, there is a desire by the Chinese authorities to reduce the negative effects of mining activities with the help of regulatory measures and at the same time maintain leadership in the development of blockchain technologies, as well as create conditions for turning Hong Kong into a legal world center of the crypto industry. Taking into account the fact that Russia is among the top three leaders in the mining market by the end of 2023, while remaining committed to the achieving climate neutrality goal, it is concluded that China's experience and its development strategy of this market segment are of interest and require further study.

the purpose of the study is to develop a unique classification of income and expenses of a financially literate person or his family. Methods: the methods used in the presented study are economic and statistical methods, monographic method and comparison method. Findings: the scientific article presents the main qualities of a financially literate person, substantiates the need to develop a unique classification of income and expenses, characteristic of a financially literate person or his family. Conclusions: the main qualities of a financially literate person are identified, it is indicated that the implementation of qualities should take place in combination to obtain a positive effect; it is noted that accounting of income and expenses is a labor-intensive process that requires the use of free time; it is indicated that a unique classification of income includes such types of income that are characteristic of a given person or his family; the mechanism for forming a unique classification of expenses of a financially literate person is shown, its effectiveness for conducting analysis is shown; it is noted that it is important to determine the share of expenses in income and its change in the analysis period to confirm the implementation of the quality of a financially literate person "spends more than earns".

this article examines the essence and key aspects of IT project management at enterprises in high-tech sectors of the economy. The author examines the types of project activities of high-tech enterprises, their main characteristics in various aspects of economic development. The purpose of the research is to analyze modern methods of managing IT projects of high-tech enterprises. Examples of project activities from various industries such as information technology, biotechnology, aviation, rocket and space industries, etc. are analyzed in order to identify common trends in project management and best practices in its application. The conclusion contains the results of a structured analysis and suggests solutions to improve the efficiency and flexibility of IT project management in high-tech enterprises.

the purpose of this study is to analyze the current state, challenges, and development prospects of innovation activity in the Russian Federation, especially under external economic restrictions. Methods: the study employs comparative analysis, statistical data processing, analysis of international rankings (including the Global Innovation Index), as well as content analysis of official sources and policy documents. Findings: the research identifies systemic, structural, and financial constraints hindering the development of Russia’s innovation-driven economy. Comparative data with other countries are presented, along with an examination of government support measures, including concessional lending and the organization of innovation forums. Key directions for the development of the innovation sector are proposed, adapted to the conditions of sanctions. Conclusions: the implementation of the proposed measures will enhance the resilience and adaptability of Russia’s innovation sector, reduce the gap with global leaders, ensure technological sovereignty, and create a foundation for sustainable economic growth and improved national competitiveness.

the current research topic is a comprehensive analysis of digital transformation not only as a catalyst for organizing new interactions Breed, between non-cocoon environments, eco-friendly for long-term. The work was carried out using a limited integrative methodology that acquires personnel Statistical data analysis Methods: The analysis was carried out using an integrative-analytical method, which includes a quantitative analysis of official statistics (2015-2022) and a qualitative analysis of literature and case studies, with the aim of determining the level of digital technology implementation in the academic and industrial sectors with the identification of key gaps and problems. Findings: The results revealed a significant increase in digital infrastructure in the academic sphere (27.7 computers per 100 student places by 2022), while industry suffered (a wide gap – 13.7% of IoT use by 2021). Because the focus here is on building an ecosystem from connectors, PCs, phones, TVs, to cloud services, the importance of strengthening cooperation between sectors is emphasized in order to eliminate the digital divide.