Theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the international competitiveness

the purpose of the study is to systematize and critically analyze existing theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding international competitiveness. The research aims to identify key concepts, models, and tools used in the scientific literature to study the factors determining countries' competitive positions in the global market.. Methods: the methodological framework of this research encompasses theoretical analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, and other relevant approaches. Findings: The analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches revealed a variety of views on the nature, factors and ways of measuring competitiveness at the international level. From classical theories of comparative advantage to modern concepts that take into account the role of innovation, technology, and global value chains, each approach offers valuable tools for understanding this complex phenomenon. The choice of a specific theoretical and methodological framework depends on the research objectives, the level of analysis (country, industry, company) and the specifics of the context under consideration. Further research may be aimed at integrating different approaches, developing more comprehensive models that take into account both macro and microeconomic factors, as well as adapting existing tools to the new realities of the global economy, characterized by increasing interdependence, technological breakthroughs and geopolitical instability. Understanding the theoretical and methodological foundations is key to developing effective strategies to increase international competitiveness at all levels. Conclusions: the conclusions and methodological developments presented in the study form a relevant basis for the formulation of targeted policy recommendations aimed at improving competitiveness. The formation and maintenance of the basis for sustainable and high competitiveness is determined by the need to develop an appropriate legislative and institutional environment, liberalize market mechanisms and ensure a stable macroeconomic environment. These factors are key prerequisites for sustained economic growth and the achievement of sustainable development goals.

international competitiveness, theoretical and methodological approaches, competitive advantages, global economy, competitiveness measurement