No 7 (2025)

in connection with the stylistic characteristics of phraseological units, linguists face a rather difficult question, which boils down to the phraseological norm, since normativity is one of the main signs of the literary character of the language. It is noted that in both languages, variation and norm are interrelated, since the choice of an option involves taking into account the norm, and the norm is determined by the presence of several options. Variability is an indicator of the processes occurring in a language when it is being normalized. These are mainly grammatical variants, which are functionally equivalent in most two languages, so there is a balance between them. There are various types of phraseological units in English and Russian: lexical, morphological, phonetic, syntactic, stylistic, quantitative, and others.

in any language there has always been and will be Argotic lexicon that contributes to the enrichment and development of the language. The translation of fictional literature from French into Russian is often a very complicated process, due to a poor knowledge of the vocabulary used in conversational speech. More precisely, these difficulties are caused by the lack of knowledge of the reduced register vocabulary. Our work is focused on the most stylistically-colored lexicon of the contemporary French language, used both in oral speech and in the works of French writers that, in our view, will help to expand the functional and stylistic boundaries of French language learners. The relevance of this study is determined by a great necessity to master intercultural communication skills and abilities to comprehend the spoken foreign language. The purpose of the research is to identify the argotic vocabulary and vernacular in the fictional works of French authors of the 20th century, as well as in the press. The theoretical and practical significance of the work can be defined as the need for a broader and more diverse study of the French language. It is necessary to comprehensively describe the cultural, social and territorial aspects of the spoken language. The role of youth word-creation should also be noted.

this article provides an in-depth analysis of changes in the concepts of new youth in the context of epochal changes and the logical factors behind them by examining four main drivers: information technology, economic transformation, cultural synthesis and transformation of social roles, which reveal the roots of the emergence of the concepts of new youth. Using qualitative research methods, the article collected and analyzed typical examples from numerous literature sources, highlighting four trends in the picture of new youth concepts: the aesthetics of distance in the era of superficial socialization, an autonomous working concept, going beyond the role of the "hard worker", significant liberation from traditional views on marriage and fertility, and a free consumer concept, under the influence of influenced by the philosophy of "lying down and doing nothing." On this basis, the article further interprets new value orientations, such as "self-satisfaction", encouraged by new youth, and their profound impact on the social structure, cultural concepts, and models of economic development. In response to the challenges that arise in this regard, the article also suggests targeted regulatory strategies aimed at balancing the individualistic aspirations of new youth and the steady progress of society.

the problem of the scientific article is the lack of an accurate genre definition of rock and rap compositions, which would allow them to be considered within the framework of the method of integrating cultural heritage into the learning process in literature lessons in the 11th grade. The interest in the problem is due to the greatest demand for rap and rock relative to other musical genres in this age group of schoolchildren. The purpose of the article follows from this: to identify the features of poetry in specific works of currently popular representatives of hip-hop and rock culture and to prove the expediency of their use in literature classes in 11th grade. The methodological basis of the article is compositional analysis, partly biographical and partly semiotic research methods. Research materials: federal work program of secondary general education in literature. Considered musical compositions: «How beautiful winter is in your room» by Jesus, «Smile at the Sun» by T-Fest. The article proves the presence of poetic techniques in the lyrics of the songs cited above by the authors; in particular, the observance of poetic size, the presence of rhyme, means of expression and the author's intention. The work reveals similar functions of rock and rap songs and literature – educational, communicative, aesthetic, socializing and other tasks, which allows selectively including products of modern musical culture in the learning process. The authors conclude that the method of including rock and rap compositions as the results of the cultural life of society in the educational process ensures the involvement of students, the implementation of the necessary element of moral education in the lesson, the exchange of knowledge in the context of culture developing in the present, and therefore more fruitful learning.

this article presents a linguistic analysis of narrative strategies employed in the annual addresses of the President of the Russian Federation. The study aims to identify the language mechanisms used to construct both the internal and external image of the state. Drawing on methods of critical discourse analysis, narrative approach, and pragmalinguistics, the author examines key themes, structures, and rhetorical devices that ensure internal audience mobilization and external legitimation on the international stage. The analysis focuses on thematic frameworks such as stability, sovereignty, patriotism, the opposition "us vs. them," as well as strategies for portraying a peacekeeping image and asserting moral superiority. The study highlights the dual communicative orientation of presidential discourse and reveals its pragmatic potential as a tool for political consolidation and foreign policy positioning.

the article considers the problems of teaching computational linguistics at a technical university. The research group analyzes its experience and shares the results: how important it is to attract students' attention to issues of computational linguistics at the current stage of development of artificial intelligence programs. Our department has extensive experience in the following areas: 1) organizing training within digital departments in the humanities; 2) placing emphasis in the field of creating and analyzing large text arrays in the context of training future specialists with digital competencies; 3) cooperation between language departments and programming departments for the development of both tools for analyzing language databases and creating them; 4) educational and methodological aspects of teaching digital competencies in the implementation of translation for all areas of training, taking into account current trends in the university. Thanks to the qualification level, we can implement our knowledge and competencies in the practice of teaching the basics of computer linguistics of higher professional education – on the one hand, and in the educational and methodological sphere for students studying at KSPEU.

the article is devoted to the identification and systematization of linguostylistic means that enhance the psychological effectiveness of oral directives of EMERCOM employees. The relevance is determined by the need to reduce communication failures during the liquidation of emergency situations and the growth of media activity of victims. The novelty of the work lies in the multi-level description of speech techniques (imperative brevity, prosodic compression, reverse metaphor), integrated with data on the psychophysiological state of rescuers. The study analyzed transcripts of field trips, psychological monitoring reports and works of domestic authors. Particular attention is paid to the comparison of northern and southern garrisons, as well as the influence of mentoring on the formation of speech patterns. The objective is to establish the relationship between the type of speech construction and the speed/quality of response. The methods of comparative analysis, discourse analysis and statistical verification of the tempo of commands are used. In conclusion, recommendations for a speech training simulator course are formulated. The article will be useful for teachers of departmental universities, guard leaders and specialists in operational psychology.

the article examines media codes (paradigmatic elements of media discourse) within the framework of Russian pedagogical axiology using the past two decades of Uchitelskaya gazeta (Teacher’s newspaper) coverage of the Unified State Exam as a case study. By focusing on axiological aspects, Uchitelskaya gazeta presents media codes not merely as monological text production, but as a polylogical sphere in civil society’s three-layered space of ethical reflection and sociocultural interaction. This research is relevant due to the critical need for in-depth analysis of pedagogical journalism and its ability to effectively communicate and convey the meaning of culturally specific elements to a diverse audience. The goal of this study was to establish the influence of media codes (using the example of the “exam” concept) in pedagogical journalism on the formation of the system of values in the society and social comprehension of new culture-specific elements in the educational process. This context sees axiology analyzing and identifying educational values as expressed in specialized educational texts’ media codes. The metaphorical basis of media codes is influenced not only by the genre conventions of articles and discussions but also significantly by the creative staff of a certain newspaper or magazine associated with history and traditions of Russian pedagogical printed media.

this article is devoted to the problem of numerical defectivity in the Russian language. Numerical defectivity is defined as the limitation of the paradigm of a noun, in which a word cannot be realized in all grammatically possible number forms (singular or plural). The article examines various approaches to the study of this phenomenon, presented in the works of Russian and foreign linguists. The historical, semantic and morphological aspects of numerical defectivity, as well as its connection with the linguistic worldview, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the typology of numerical defectivity, highlighting absolute, relative and functional defectivity. Statistical methods and corpus studies used to identify and analyze defective forms are considered. It is concluded that numerical defectivity is an important phenomenon in Russian morphology, reflecting complex interactions between grammar, vocabulary and cultural context.

the article explores the role of the Russian language as a factor of socio-cultural integration of Donbas in the conditions of modern geopolitical changes. The aim of the study is to analyse its influence on the processes of formation and maintenance of the socio-cultural identity of the region's residents. In this context the following tasks are solved: a) to study the historical context of the language situation in Donbass; b) to analyse the functioning of the Russian language in various spheres of public life; c) to assess the impact of language policy on socio-cultural identity. The essence of the hypothesis: the Russian language plays a determining role in the socio-cultural integration of Donbas, being not only a means of communication, but also an important element of cultural identity. The methods of historical analysis, sociolinguistic research, content analysis, analysis of sociological data and expert assessments were applied in the work. The results of the study demonstrate that the Russian language continues to play an important role in the life of the residents of Donbas, despite the language policy of recent decades.

the article discusses the issues of interference in a trilingual environment (Russian as a native language, German as a second foreign language after English) at both the phonemic and suprasegmental levels. The novelty of the research lies in studying the problem from a different angle. The focus of attention is on the influence of the second foreign language on the first one. The relevance of the research is explained by the fact that understanding the phonetics of both languages will help develop more targeted strategies for successfully mastering the norms of a foreign language.

this article examines the means of grammatical expressions of the gender category in modern French, examines the history of the formation of the modern binary French grammatical gender category from the perspective of diachrony, and examines the ways in which the neuter forms of Latin are lost. In the course of the study, it was possible to establish that the gender category belongs to the so-called iterative categories, which extend to several parts of speech: gender is inherent in a noun with which an adjective, an ordinal number, as well as a pronoun, partly a verb. In classical and early vernacular Latin, the gender category was three-component, but over time it was transformed into a binary category in the vernacular, which became possible due to the gradual loss of neuter forms. This process took place after the emergence of doublet forms of endings of different genders, as well as through the reinterpretation of some grammatically homonymous forms in favor of masculine and feminine genders. It can be assumed that the category of the neuter gender, as well as many other grammatical phenomena, was gradually abolished in the Romance languages in the general trend of the desire for analyticism of this language group and, in general, is one of the signs of increased analyticism in any language. If some Romance languages have rudimentary and preserved separate forms of the neuter gender or traces of them, they usually go back to the forms of classical or folk Latin. As a result of the development of analytical trends in the structure of the French language, the article and its functional analogues, determinants, have become the main indicator of the grammatical category of gender. Along with the main analytical means, there are morphological means: suffixes, as well as alternating designations of male/female faunonyms and anthroponyms. The suffix designation of the noun genus reflects a historical tradition dating back to the Latin language. The modern system of suffix formations is characterized by a large number and variety of forms with the main criterion of their division by gender into two subgroups. The definition of the genus of nouns is complicated by its conditional nature – the gender meaning of the genus is confirmed by biological sex only in the names of creatures (animate objects), for names of inanimate objects it has no gender motivation. In modern formation of feminine forms, the tendency of folk word-making has manifested itself by analogy with vernacular forms.

this article presents the theoretical aspects of exploring one of the types of collocations – binomials. A number of foreign and domestic studies on this problem are considered. An attempt is made to identify the most significant features of binomial combinations. They serve as a basis for the implemented analysis of structural-semantic forms of binomials in naval terminology; the authors characterise how key components are linked and specify the principles of their succession. The practical part presents the results of the analysis of 178 binomial units identified by continuous sampling in the instructional literature in profile 26.05.04 “Application and operation of technical systems of surface ships and submarines”. The types and subtypes of binomials are considered in terms of their semantics as well as the frequency of occurrence of their components in the Russian National Corpus. The authors substantiate the significance of the present work for teaching the professional language and describe the methodology and results of the experiment showing that the memorisation and recognition of binomial terms takes place much faster and easier than that of the terms having no collocative variants.

the article examines modern methodological approaches to distance learning of the Chinese language that have developed in recent years. The author emphasizes the importance of the formation of intercultural competence in the context of distance education. The study contains a large number of examples of information and communication technologies, as well as various forms and methods of online education that are actively used in the current realities. The research was conducted in order to identify the main methodological approaches to distance learning of the Chinese language in the modern world. Several tasks have been solved in the work: the main forms and methods of distance learning, including innovative ones, are considered; distance learning technologies are analyzed; the features of using digital tools in distance learning of the Chinese language are studied. To achieve the goals and objectives, the author uses a theoretical analysis of scientific literature, the study of platforms and applications for distance learning of the Chinese language, as well as an analysis of the practical experience of other authors. In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the results of the analytical work carried out. The author came to the conclusion that the methodological approaches are: an individually differentiated approach using innovative technologies, hybrid learning and a project approach. Each of them has its own characteristics and advantages, which are described in this article.

the article examines the literary language as the basis for the formation of a speech culture. The topic is relevant due to the need for modern teachers to constantly search for methods and means of introducing young people into the world of culture. The level of speech culture among young people is at a fairly low level, which leads to a number of problems and a general drop in the rating of modern people. The purpose of the study is to determine the significance of the literary language in the process of forming a speech culture. In the course of the work, the works of Russian and foreign authors devoted to the problems of speech culture, as well as the use of the Russian language in the process of developing communication skills and competencies, were studied. It is concluded that studying a literary language allows one to understand and correctly use existing norms and rules in practical speech. Thus, the literary language is of great importance in the formation of a culture of speech, since it is a certain “model” of the use of words.

the article examines the features of the development of critical thinking. The purpose of the article is to examine works of foreign classical literature, through which the development of critical thinking is stimulated. The research aims to analyze the influence of classics on critical thinking, identify the main methods and mechanisms of this influence, and identify the most relevant works for their use in the educational process or for human self-development. It has been established that critical thinking is a special form of mental activity that contributes to the development of objective views on the surrounding reality, helps to establish the reliability of perceived information, build logical connections and develop an individual opinion by reading foreign literature. Critical thinking also contributes to the effective development of social contacts, which opens up wide opportunities for personal and professional self-realization. The author identifies the main methods that contribute to the effective development of critical thinking. The article presents the most popular foreign works contributing to the improvement of human cognitive abilities. The stages of critical thinking development are defined. It is concluded that reading foreign works reflecting various cultural and historical perspectives teaches students to analyze complex moral and social issues, understand multi-layered texts and develop interpretation skills, stimulating the development of critical thinking.

the scientific work considers a natural science discipline, which is one of the main ones today. Chemistry plays an important role in the education of students of technical specialties. The scientific work considers in detail the specifics, as well as methods of teaching chemistry. The author of the scientific work studies the influence on the formation of professional competencies that are necessary for such specialists as engineers or technicians in the future. The work analyzes innovative approaches to the learning process, which include the adaptation of interdisciplinary knowledge, as well as the use of digital technologies, including a practice-oriented approach. The results of the study demonstrated that the main problems and challenges in the process of teaching chemistry for students of technical specialties were identified. The scientific work developed methodological recommendations for the adaptation of interactive methods in the learning process and the use of modern information technologies. The author also presented examples of the effective use of a practice-oriented approach within the educational process.

the relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that in the context of globalization and unification of cultures, the preservation and development of ethnic identity, cultural heritage and traditions of the peoples inhabiting the Russian Federation is of particular importance. The research goal is the theoretical substantiation and development of methodological recommendations for the introduction of elements of ethnopedagogy of the Crimean Tatars in the process of physical education of schoolchildren, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the physical development, the formation of national identity and strengthening the health of schoolchildren. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved in the study: the theoretical foundations of ethnopedagogy and its role in the physical education of schoolchildren were analyzed; the historical and cultural features of the physical education of the Crimean Tatars have been studied, as well as the most valuable and relevant traditions applicable in modern conditions have been identified. The research methods include the analysis of scientific literature on pedagogy, ethnopedagogy, history of physical culture of the Crimean Tatars; analysis of the process of physical education of schoolchildren; method of formal-logical analysis. Based on the results, the following conclusions were formulated: the introduction of elements of ethnopedagogy in the process of physical education of schoolchildren, in particular, on the example of the ethnic traditions of the Crimean Tatars, is a promising direction that contributes not only to physical development, but also to the formation of a deep sense of national identity, respect for cultural heritage and strengthening of intercultural dialogue.

for more than ten years, events of the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" (RLD) have been implemented in Russia, which is a kind of programmatic and normative basis for physical training of all categories of citizens, starting from preschool age and ending with people over the age of seventy. Participation in the events of the RLD complex is possible not only for various age and social groups, but also for people with disabilities and people with disabilities. One of the most numerous categories of people with disabilities are people with intellectual disabilities. The paper presents the results of experimental work on the preparation of students of a number of special (correctional schools) with minor intellectual disabilities to fulfill the norms of the RLD complex based on circular training. It is noted that the use of the circular training method in sectional physical education classes is due to its effectiveness in developing physical qualities in children with health problems, in particular in the intellectual sphere. The article provides data showing the development of physical qualities in students that are necessary to complete the tests of the "Ready for Labour and Defense" complex.

this article explores the transformation of the professional role of a higher school teacher in a rapidly changing educational landscape driven by digital innovations, global challenges, and growing demands on the quality of specialist training. The key factors determining this transformation are analyzed, as well as changes in the functions, competencies and responsibilities of the teacher. Special attention is paid to the transition from the traditional model of a "knowledge translator lecturer" to a model of a "learning and development facilitator" who is able to effectively integrate new technologies, form critical thinking and self–learning skills among students.

the article analyzes the role of digital educational resources in the formation of scientific ideas among older preschoolers. It describes in detail the concepts of «representations» and «natural science representations», as well as highlights their key characteristics and features. Special attention is paid to the specifics of preschool children's learning about nature and its inhabitants, including the mechanisms that influence the formation of these ideas, and the importance of integrating modern technologies into the educational process. The components and structure of kindergarten teachers' work in this area are also described. The tasks solved by educators in this area are outlined in accordance with the documents regulating the activities of preschool educational organizations within the framework of the educational field of cognitive development. The authors emphasize the importance and necessity of introducing digital resources into the educational process of preschoolers, especially in the field of science education. They argue for the effectiveness of using such technologies based on the results of the conducted research. As part of the study, a comparative analysis of the level of natural science concepts among preschoolers was conducted before and after the use of digital educational resources. This allowed the authors to demonstrate the positive impact of digital technologies on the development of natural science knowledge and skills in preschool children.

the article examines the problems of developing critical thinking and creative potential of students in China. The author pays attention to the study of the content of educational programs. The approaches and methods used in the development of critical and creative thinking in China are identified. Using the example of students from Heilongjiang Agricultural Economic Vocational College and Harbin Petroleum Institute, the author examines the relationship between the development of these competencies and the improvement of students' qualities in general. Problems and prospects for organizing the educational process were also identified, which will contribute to increasing the level of critical and creative education at different levels.

in the era of digitalization of education, the issue of developing environmental culture in adolescents, especially in the context of family education, is becoming especially relevant. This study is devoted to studying the role of digital educational platforms (DEP) as a tool for environmental education and identifying effective strategies for parental involvement in this process. Objective: To study the definition of optimal approaches to the use of the DEP for the formation of an ecological culture of adolescents in family education and to identify key factors influencing the effectiveness of parental involvement. Methods: Analysis of scientific literature, surveys of parents and adolescents in homeschooling, and content analysis of popular environmental education centers. Results: Research has shown that conscious and purposeful use of the DEP, accompanied by active parental involvement, contributes to the development of a deeper understanding of environmental issues and responsible attitudes towards the environment in adolescents. Conclusions: The study revealed the need to develop methodological recommendations for parents on the effective use of the DEP in environmental education of adolescents in the context of family education, as well as the importance of an individual approach to the choice of platforms and teaching strategies.

the article discusses the use of both traditional and innovative methods of working with children in order to develop their creative imagination. The concept of «creative imagination» is analyzed, its specificity is determined, and the characteristic features peculiar to older preschool children are highlighted. This paper examines the traditional methods and techniques used by preschool educators to develop creative imagination in older preschool children. Special attention is paid to such types of activities as visual arts, construction, theatrical games, musical activities and verbal creativity. The importance of integrating innovative pedagogical tools into the educational process is also emphasized. This is necessary to increase the level of formation of creative imagination in older preschool children. The use of modern technologies and techniques makes the learning process more interesting and effective, and also contributes to the comprehensive development of the child's personality. These include classes in a cartoon studio, the use of interactive equipment, 3D modeling, and robotics. In addition, the paper presents the results of a practical study aimed at studying the impact of the use of such technologies on improving the development of creative imagination in older preschool children and confirming the effectiveness of the implementation of classes in a cartoon studio in the educational process to improve this mental process in older preschool children.

the article presents a comprehensive analysis of contemporary trends in students' professional development in modern conditions. Through examining current socio-economic trends, regulatory documents, and empirical research data, the study identifies key challenges facing the higher education system. The author proposes a scientifically grounded framework for modernizing professional education, which includes implementation of adaptive educational technologies (AI platforms, VR/AR simulators), development of dual education systems and corporate departments, design of modular programs with micro-qualifications, establishment of an independent competency assessment system, integration of soft skills training programs, strengthening university-employer collaboration. Particular attention is paid to the role of state policy in implementing these changes through national projects and regulatory mechanisms. The research holds significance for higher education scholars, university administrators, and educational program developers.

the article provides analysis of the models of training Russian language talents in Chinese universities in the new era, in the context of globalization, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the development of artificial intelligence. It systematically reviews the practical motivations and policy background behind the reform of Russian language education in higher education institutions. Taking Heilongjiang University as a case study, the article analyzes four types of training systems developed by the university: Russian language + modules, translation (Russian language), dual-degree model, major + Russian language. The study finds that the university has established a Chinese-characteristic model for cultivating interdisciplinary Russian language talents, highlighting cross-disciplinary integration and alignment with national strategies. This model holds significant theoretical value and practical applicability.

the article analyzes the issues concerning the contestation of major transactions by participants of business companies with the application of theory and practice of the Russian legislation. In accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 78 of the Law «On Joint-Stock Companies» and paragraph 8 of Article 46 of the Law «On LLC» the transaction beyond the normal business activities of the company as a condition for its contestation on the grounds of large-scale nature assumes that such a transaction does not meet the criterion of transaction typicality (the transaction is not accepted in the activities of this company or other business entities engaged in similar types of activities) or the criterion of economic consequences of the transaction (the transaction leads to the termination of the company's activities, change of its type or a significant change in the economic consequences of the transaction). The article explores the theoretical and legal foundations as well as the practical aspects of disputing major transactions conducted by business entities. It analyzes the grounds for declaring such transactions invalid and examines the procedural mechanism by which shareholders or participants may challenge them in court. Special attention is given to the legal classification of major transactions as contestable, the calculation of limitation periods, the allocation of the burden of proof, and the role of shareholders’ agreements. Current judicial practice is reviewed, and suggestions for improving legislation are proposed. The findings are based on the analysis of regulatory acts, judicial clarifications, and academic literature.

this article discusses issues related to the regulatory focus of the bill of lading in the Northern Sea Route (NSR) system. Attention is drawn to the full promotion of the bill of lading in connection with the full responsibility of the guarantor for sea transportation throughout the freight. Attention is paid to combining the promotion of the bill of lading with its normative focus in conditions of disregard for international law. The expansion of the NSR in the Yenisei direction with the possibility of legal regulation by the legislator in the areas of river terminal management was noted. It is pointed out that the bill of lading promotion system has a very complex design and requires a combination of both regulatory legal and regulatory technical regulation. Proposals are given on the normative focus of the bill of lading in the form of the publication of a new Federal Law containing norms for the transportation of goods, taking into account transshipment at these terminals and excluding the increase in the tax burden on the sides of the bill of lading. An additional concept (type) of a bill of lading has been introduced as a "safe wayside bill of lading."

the article discusses the mechanism for protecting the interests of owners of land plots intended for individual housing construction (IHC) (land users, landowners) when establishing a zone with special conditions for the use of territories (ZSCUT) in Russia. Based on the analysis of literature and judicial practice, the problems of protecting the interests of owners of residential housing land plots in the establishment of ZSCUT have been identified. It is determined that when defending interests in court, the latter make contradictory decisions. In addition, despite the fact that the owner of the land plot is the weaker and more vulnerable party in land disputes of this kind, it is the owner of the plot who is responsible for proving the fact of having knowledge of the existence of a restricted area. At the same time, in the previously existing legislation, there was no obligation for the entity establishing the ZSCUT to enter such information into the cadastral register, which entailed in the present legal problems of the turnover of land plots subject to restrictions imposed in connection with the ZSCUT. In conclusion, measures aimed at solving the problems of protecting the rights of owners of residential housing land plots are proposed.

the article is devoted to the analysis of legal contradictions arising in the process of digital transformation of the education system in the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the conflict between the constitutionally established right to education and the freedom of entrepreneurial activity, in the context of the active introduction of digital educational platforms. The purpose of the study is to identify regulatory gaps that threaten accessibility and equality in education, as well as to analyze the legal status of subjects of the digital educational space. In the course of the work, the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, legislation on education, personal data and protection of competition were analyzed. Formal legal, comparative legal, and critical analytical methods served as the methodological basis. The authors identify cases of an extended interpretation of the rules governing the processing of personal data and the de facto monopoly position of a number of digital platforms. As a result, directions for improving legal regulation are proposed, including the need for legislative detailing of pricing control mechanisms, terms of public offer and requirements for digital educational products. The findings can be used in the development of new bylaws, the adjustment of current legislation and the formation of public policy in the field of digital education, aimed at ensuring equity, equal access and protection of students' rights.