No 11 (2025)

amid the rapid evolution of the media landscape and an unprecedented flow of information, cognitive biases have become an integral part of both the production and consumption of media content. This article provides an overview of current scholarly perspectives on the nature of biases in journalism, their genre-specific features, and social consequences. Based on an analysis of theoretical and empirical studies, the study formulates a research question enabling a comprehensive assessment of the contributions of editorial, technological, and psychological factors to the emergence and spread of biases in media texts. The article considers interdisciplinary approaches to studying cognitive biases and identifies key causes of their occurrence at various stages of creating and perceiving media content. It proposes a novel classification of cognitive biases relevant to journalism, which can be used for editorial checklists and the training of journalists.

the article examines the syntactic features of the lyrics of S. A. Yesenin, one of the most original poets of the "Silver Age." The study focuses on the analysis of complex sentences, which play an important role in the structure of his poetic speech. A complex sentence is studied not only as a grammatical unit but also as an element of the artistic method that determines the musicality, imagery, and emotional intensity of the poetic text. Special attention is given to two main types of complex sentences—compound and complex subordinate constructions. The article identifies the functioning of coordinating, adversative, and disjunctive conjunctions in compound sentences, as well as analyzes their role in shaping the rhythmic and intonational pattern of the text. It is shown that Yesenin predominantly uses a limited set of conjunctions (and, but, while), which become the most important expressive means, forming the integrity of the artistic image and enhancing the emotional effect. In complex subordinate sentences, attributive, object, and adverbial clauses are analyzed, each performing its own artistic and semantic function. Attributive clauses specify and concretize poetic images, object clauses allow the inner world of the lyrical hero to be revealed, while adverbial clauses create temporal, causal, and conditional relations that give the text depth and multidimensionality.

in the context of the rapid development of digital platforms such as YouTube, the need to rethink traditional production models comes to the forefront. This article presents a case study on the implementation of a hybrid production system that combines the principles of film shooting and algorithmically oriented content production. Using the studio Alan Chikin Chow as an example, it describes the key stages of designing, implementing, and adapting the shooting process for high-frequency release of both long and short video formats. Special attention is paid to organizational structure, modular planning, cross-format creative integrity, and practical scalability of the model. A comparative analysis with traditional media practices is provided, as well as a summary of the system's impact on production outcomes, reach, and brand sustainability.

this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of linguistic diversity on the formation of trade identity through an examination of foreign company naming practices in Syrian business correspondence between 2010 and 2020. The purpose of the work is to identify and systematize the linguistic strategies used by international corporations to adapt to the Syrian market, as well as to determine the role of cultural, political, and economic factors in the choice of branding language [1, 5]. The main research objectives included: selection and analysis of a corpus of business documents from Syrian companies; classification of language adaptation strategies for foreign enterprise names; assessment of the influence of international relations on language choice; and identification of correlations between language practices and trade identity. The study employed content analysis and comparative analysis methods, which revealed the specifics of using Arabic, English, and hybrid forms in business communication [10, 12]. The practical significance of the work lies in the potential application of its results in the fields of international marketing, branding, and cross-cultural communication. The findings of the study can be used by foreign companies to develop effective market entry strategies for the Middle East, as well as by academic circles for further research on the interaction between language processes and economic relations. The obtained data contribute to the development of sociolinguistics and international business theory [5, 12].

the article analyzes the mechanisms of duality and character splitting in the original version of Leonid Andreev's play "To the Stars". The primary focus is on the dyad of Pyotr Ternovsky (Verkhovtsev in early drafts) and Valentin Verkhovtsev, interpreted as the result of an artistic splitting of a single archetype that originates from Pyotr Verkhovensky in F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Demons". The intertextual connection with Dostoevsky's novel is examined, alongside the transformation of the ideological component: whereas Dostoevsky's Verkhovensky embodies a destructive force, Andreev's conflict between the "doubles" lacks clear-cut moral definition and mirrors the author's own philosophical uncertainties. It is argued that Pyotr Ternovsky and Valentin Verkhovtsev become vehicles for two opposing worldviews (Schopenhauerian pessimism vs. active Nietzschean protest), between which Andreev himself, as evidenced by his diaries and letters, could not make a definitive choice. Thus, the character splitting serves as a means of artistically rendering the author's internal dialogue and his doubts about Russia's path during the tumultuous era of 1905. The theme of duality is presented not merely as a literary device but also as a reflection of a profound existential crisis within the creative individual.

this study provides an analytical substantiation of the specific features of oneiric poetics within the context of romantic dual-worlds, as exemplified by the texts of O. Arefieva. The research focuses on identifying and contrasting two distinct modalities of the dream motif, manifested in the song lyrics "Then One Night I Became a Dog" («Так однажды ночью я стал собакой») and "N". In the former text, the author constructs a oneiric situation linked to the resolution of internal conflicts, portrayed through animalistic metamorphosis. In the latter, the oneiric state gives rise to a postmodernist ironic delirium, reflecting an escape from reality. The author's distinctive techniques for artistically shaping the chronotope of sleep and related oneiric states are identified, along with the semantic dimension of the dual-world opposition between dream and reality. It is established that Arefieva's oneiro-poetics, synthesizing the romantic tradition of dual worlds and postmodern irony, serves not only to form the "reality-dream" opposition but also to articulate the conflict between a person's inner and outer nature. The study demonstrates that through immersion in an oneiric reality, the lyrical protagonist either attains a path to self-cognition and symbolic freedom or encounters an absurd farce that negates the search for meaning. In both instances, a fundamental juxtaposition of reality and dream is evident: in "Then One Night...", although reality is perceived as a coherent picture, it is experienced by the lyrical subject as empty, who yearns to return to the dream. In "N", the modality of oneiric delirium becomes a means of transcending the protagonist's oppressive existence, allowing him to live a vivid and fulfilling life within the dream.

this article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the causes and prerequisites for the multifaceted nature of German publicistic discourse from a diachronic perspective. The study covers the period from the 19th to the 21st centuries and is based on an analysis of materials from German newspapers and magazines of various subject areas. It is revealed that the linguistic diversity of German journalistic discourse (GJD) is determined by the interaction of cultural factors (the influence of intercultural communication), sociolinguistic factors (reflecting the peculiarities of communication in various social groups in Germany), and linguistic factors proper (intralinguistic changes determined by the functional needs of discourse). Empirical data demonstrate that speech activity in this communicative space is characterized by pronounced stratification conditioned by the historical, social, and cultural features of the development of German society, as well as by strict normative regulation implemented through the mechanisms of sociolinguistic and stylistic coding. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of linguistic means used to create expressiveness, persuasiveness, and influence on the audience in various historical periods. The results of the study can be used in the practice of teaching German, discourse theory, sociolinguistics, and cultural studies. The analysis revealed key trends in the evolution of public relations, such as the transition from the formal style of the 19th century to a more democratic and multimedia-enabled discourse in the 21st century, reflecting global sociocultural shifts. These findings highlight the importance of an interdisciplinary approach for further studying journalistic practices in the context of contemporary digital communication challenges.

the article is devoted to the study of the curse genre ("sardam") in Chechen folklore, which has remained poorly studied in the scientific literature to date. Based on field materials, folklore records and analysis of oral folklore, the author examines the genre and poetic features of "sardam", identifies its functions and transformations in different historical periods. The curse is presented as one of the most ancient aphoristic microgenres, which reflects magical ideas, emotional expression and cultural values of the Chechen people. Particular attention is paid to the connection of curses with traditional beliefs and their rethinking after the adoption of Islam. The author classifies curses into thematic groups, shows their structural and poetic diversity, and also notes their symbolic content and connection with key ethnocultural concepts ("earth", "darkness", "happiness", "disease", etc.). The article argues that despite the weakening of belief in the effectiveness of curses, the genre retains its significance as a cultural phenomenon and an expression of the national mentality, emotional life and artistic skill of Chechens.

advertising text is a key tool in the world of marketing, characterized by creativity, conciseness, and targeted messaging. In a world saturated with information and visual impressions, advertising text serves not only as a means of promoting goods and services but also as a valuable tool for developing the creative thinking and language skills of students. This article examines the potential of using advertising text to enhance language skills, linguistic richness, and creativity among students in humanities disciplines. The authors pay special attention to teaching methods that involve the use of current advertising slogans to stimulate creative thinking and improve foreign language writing skills. The authors also emphasize the importance of practical application of educational material in real communication situations. The research concludes that integrating advertising texts into the educational process contributes to the effective development of students' creative written foreign language skills.

the presented research material analyzes the potential of sports tourism as a means of developing coordination abilities that are in demand in the professional activities of all specialists, including in everyday life. Therefore, research in this area has been and remains relevant. The level of physical fitness of modern youth is also assessed as low, therefore, the issues of finding directions in improving the level of physical fitness are relevant. The results show that new conditions, complex motor tasks and various tasks to overcome obstacles inherent in sports tourism contribute to improving the effectiveness of developing coordination abilities to a greater extent than standard exercises. In the course of the research, a number of tasks were solved, among which it is necessary to highlight the following: * analysis of the impact of tourism activities on the state of coordination abilities; * analysis of possible ways of using tourism to improve the level of coordination abilities. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the synergetic relationship between sports tourism and the development of coordination abilities. This study aims to theoretically analyze the components of coordination and correlate them with the specific requirements of various types of sports tourism; To offer practical foundations for the integration of sports tourism into various activities, training programs and personal development. The results obtained during the research can be used in the organization of the educational process on physical culture in educational institutions of various levels, as well as in the organization of the educational and training process in sports sections.

this article examines the issue of health-improving recreation for youth through bicycle tourism. The aim of the study was to develop and experimentally verify the effectiveness of a set of activities using bicycle tourism to improve the psychophysiological state of young people. The study involved 20 participants divided into a control and an experimental group. Functional tests (Stange's test, Genche's test) and the SAN (Well-being, Activity, Mood) method were used to evaluate the effectiveness. During the experiment, a set of bicycle routes of varying difficulty, designed for novice cyclists, was developed. The results of the study showed a statistically significant improvement in well-being (p?0.05), activity (p?0.05), and mood (p?0.05) in the experimental group, indicating a positive effect of the developed set of activities on the psycho-emotional state of the participants. Despite the positive dynamics of the functional tests, no statistically significant differences between the groups were found. The results obtained confirm the prospects of using bicycle tourism as an effective means of health-improving recreation for youth.

the article investigates the role of Latin language in the professional training of linguistics students and translators. Special attention is paid to the development of cognitive abilities, including analytical thinking and understanding of grammatical systems, as well as to the expansion of terminological apparatus through the study of Latin roots. The author analyses the key problem of modern education - low motivation of students, associated with the perception of Latin as a purely academic discipline. The paper presents a comparative review of different pedagogical approaches: from the classical grammar-translation method to innovative communicative and context-oriented technologies. Introduction. Despite its apparent obsolescence, Latin continues to play an essential role in linguistic education, having a significant impact on the formation of linguistic thinking. Its study stimulates the development of analytical skills, deepens the understanding of grammatical structures and enriches the professional experience of future linguists and translators. In the context of modern higher education, oriented towards interdisciplinarity and practical relevance of knowledge, Latin language teaching faces new challenges. The adaptation of traditional teaching methods to modern educational standards, as well as the integration of Latin into the field of linguistics and translation studies, make this topic particularly important. The aim of this article is to explore approaches to teaching Latin to linguistics and translation students, and to offer methodological recommendations to improve the effectiveness of teaching. The tasks include: to evaluate the role of Latin in the development of linguistic competence; to investigate the problems of students' motivation and practical applicability of knowledge; to develop proposals for the integration of Latin into educational programmes. Materials and methods of research. The research methodology is based on the analysis of theoretical provisions, analysis of empirical data, questionnaire survey. Theoretical basis was provided by scientific publications on the methodology of Latin language teaching, curricula and standards of linguistic education, electronic resources for studying Latin. The empirical basis was the analysis of students' performance in Latin, as well as examples of learning materials (adapted texts, modular tasks, digital quizzes). Questionnaires and interviews were also conducted as part of the empirical study. Research results. These results of the study can be useful for teachers and serve as a basis for effective planning of the teaching process. Conclusions. As a result of studying approaches to Latin language learning and analysing existing teaching methods, attention was focused on analysing the performance and motivation of future linguists and translators to learn Latin. It was concluded that the integration of Latin through modular and digital technologies significantly increases motivation and professional skills. The most effective methods are those that combine analytical work with practice-oriented tasks. A promising direction - the development of specialised courses and modules – is highlighted.

the paralympic movement is currently spreading on an ever-increasing scale, and its importance is high in the modern world. This article examines the history of the formation and development of the Paralympic movement from its inception to the present, and its benefits for the treatment of people with disabilities. Much attention is paid to the history of its formation in the Omsk region and its development. Examples of how the Paralympic movement helped people with disabilities recover from severe injuries are considered. It tells about such an important and significant event as the Paralympics. The article talks about such famous people as Sir Ludwig Gutman, a brilliant neurosurgeon from Great Britain, the founder of the Paralympic movement in the world, the founders of the Paralympic movement in the Omsk region, Yuri Savchenko, Sergey Eshchenko. The article also highlights the fact that there is very little available information in modern society covering the Paralympics and Paralympic athletes. A study was conducted on the awareness of medical university students about the Paralympics and, in particular, about competitions held for people with disabilities. Attention is also paid to Yuri Savchenko, a professor at Omsk State Medical University, and his contribution to the formation and development of the Paralympic movement in the Omsk region, who took an active part in the opening of the Paralympic training club in the city. Omsk. The Paralympics are a unique creation of humanity, which allows people with disabilities to realize themselves in modern society.

the effectiveness of sports training in kayak rowing largely depends on considering the individual-typological characteristics of the central nervous system (CNS) of young athletes. These characteristics influence reaction speed, movement coordination, and resilience to physical and psycho-emotional stress, which is especially important at the initial training stage. The study involved 20 children aged 9-11 engaged in kayak rowing. The assessment of CNS functional state included measuring simple and complex visual-motor reaction times, attention stability, and rhythmic abilities. Based on the obtained data, personal training trajectories were developed, taking into account individual differences among athletes. The analysis of the results showed that the application of an individualized approach increases the rate of mastering rowing techniques, improves special physical training indicators, and reduces the risk of overtraining.

the professional activity of law enforcement officers is characterized by high physical and psychological demands that require endurance, precision, and the ability to act effectively in stressful situations. This research paper examines the use of biathlon as a means of professional training for law enforcement officers. Biathlon, which combines intense physical exertion with accurate shooting, serves as an effective means to improve the qualities necessary for official work in law enforcement agencies, including physical fitness, stress tolerance, self-discipline and the ability to make decisions under stress. The presented research material emphasizes the pedagogical and practical value of including biathlon in the training system, emphasizes its role in increasing operational readiness, developing teamwork and increasing resilience in difficult conditions of professional activity. It is concluded that systematic biathlon training not only increases the efficiency of the work of law enforcement officers, but also helps to strengthen their health, psychological stability and long-term performance. The results obtained during the research can be used in the organization of the educational process in educational institutions of various levels.

the article is devoted to the development of academic and professional speech communication skills among students of non-linguistic universities who study Russian as a foreign language. The author emphasizes that effective communication in the professional sphere is impossible without mastering both general and specialized speech skills. The text outlines the components of general speech skills, including command of language resources, adherence to speech norms, logical and clear expression of thoughts, and knowledge of speech etiquette. Special attention is given to professional speech skills such as the use of terminology, the creation of texts in professional communication contexts, and the analysis of communication effectiveness. Key types of speech activity – speaking, dialogue, monologue, reading, and writing – are examined in terms of their role in shaping communicative competence. The author describes specific communicative abilities that students must acquire in order to function successfully in academic and professional environments. Particular focus is placed on speech intentions, emotional expressiveness, and rules of communicative behavior. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of well-developed speech competencies for students’ professional and social success.

the article presents an updated version of the special physical training program for equestrians at the training stage of the first and second years. The development of equestrian sports currently requires a qualitative modernization of the methodological and scientific-technical base to improve the effectiveness of the training process, especially in terms of the content of individual sections of the sports training programs. The objective selection of training tools and methods, as well as the determination of the volume and intensity of physical activity, is crucial for the implementation of these aspects. The implementation of planning for a multi-year training process in equestrian sports must necessarily include a set of forms of control and evaluation, as only taking into account the timely identified deviations in the parameters of the training process allows athletes to master the program material more effectively and improve the level of competitive performance. This requires a systematic analysis of the implementation of training plan objectives and the results of competition performance. The data obtained during the study allow us to discuss new options for planning special physical training in the long-term training process in show jumping, which meet the current requirements for the level of athlete's preparedness.

based on an analysis of recent domestic studies and our own empirical data (26 adolescent students), we reveal the structure of critical thinking as a complex education that includes cognitive, reflective, and communicative components. Its development cannot be reduced to the formation of logical operations alone: reflection skills, the ability to verify the reliability of information, readiness for reasoned dialogue, and educational motivation are also necessary. The study uses a set of diagnostic techniques (the Lippmann test, A.V. Karpov's reflectivity questionnaire, the technique developed by Yu.F. Gushchin and N.V. Smirnova, etc.), as well as group work with elements of case analysis and discussion. The results showed that the most effective approach is a combination of argumentation tasks, training in working with information, and reflection. The importance of activity-based forms of learning (educational discussions, project work) and the role of pedagogical support are emphasized. The conclusions can be used in educational practice, as well as in the development of functional literacy programs.

current and significant problems of higher school pedagogy include organizational forms of education, the content of academic disciplines, as well as methods for developing students' general cultural competencies in the classroom. Organizational forms are determined by the lecture-seminar system of higher education, the content of disciplines is determined by the peculiarities of the educational trajectory and program. The teaching tools consider methods of developing, in particular, critical and logical thinking, communication, solving the tasks of forming general cultural competencies – a system of basic skills, as well as personal qualities necessary for a specialist in the future for self-realization and professional growth. The purpose of the study is to study the satisfaction of students with the forms of education and the content of classes in pedagogy, the teacher's use of techniques for the development of general cultural competencies. The study involved 104 2nd-year students of the Faculty of Clinical Psychology at St. Petersburg State Medical University. An analysis of the research results shows that some of the students – 85 people (81.7%) – are satisfied with the forms of education, the content of the discipline and the methods of developing their universal competencies.; 7 respondents (6.7%) noted that they are satisfied with the forms of teaching pedagogy and its content, but noted that this discipline should not pay attention to the development of competencies, as it is a very complex science. Another part of the sample – 12 respondents (11.5%) – stated that they were not satisfied with the forms of education and the content of classes in pedagogy, in the opinion of students, it lacks a practical focus, they are not satisfied with the methods of working with them. Thus, 12 people (11.5%) are dissatisfied with both the forms of education and the content of classes in pedagogy, while 19 people (18.3%) are dissatisfied with the methods of developing general cultural competencies. The results indicate the need to change approaches to training future specialists, not only in terms of developing their general cultural competencies, but also in terms of forms of education and increasing the practical focus of pedagogy classes.

the article examines the problem of intensifying the process of teaching foreign language vocabulary through the use of a virtual environment by the example of the Miro interactive whiteboard. The experience of Russian teachers in solving this problem is analyzed, the functionality of this online platform is examined, and its methodological potential is determined. Unlike traditional printed and electronic teaching aids, which have relatively static content, Miro allows for the creation of dynamic, multi-layered learning spaces in which all elements can be modified and supplemented in real time. This is particularly important for foreign language learning, which is characterized by the combination of visual images, textual material, and the practical application of knowledge in verbal communication. The article also describes the structure and content of a methodological manual aimed at teaching English vocabulary within the thematic module "The World of Jobs" for the 8th grade of a language gymnasium. The methodological system embodied in this development is implemented through the consistent application of Miro virtual whiteboard tools. The results of the testing showed that educational material placed in a virtual environment can significantly simplify the solution to the problem of improving the level of language proficiency of students.

the article presents a theoretical and methodological analysis of the systemic organization of the relationship between attacking and defensive processes of competitive activity in team sports. The mechanisms of interdependence of these processes are studied in spatial-temporal, structural-functional, tactical and energetic aspects. Special attention is paid to the analysis of transitional phases of the game as the most significant periods of manifestation of the integral nature of competitive activity. The nonlinear nature of the interaction of attacking and defensive processes is substantiated, due to the multiplicity of impact factors and the variability of the development of game situations. The role of game intelligence as an integral quality that determines the effectiveness of transitional phases of competitive activity is considered.

this article provides an experimental substantiation of the effectiveness of using cinema pedagogy as educational content for forming the civic identity of youth. Using short feature films produced by the KhSPU film studio as an example, the study analyzes the impact of these films on the cognitive, value-based, emotional, and activity-related components of identity within various pedagogical interaction groups. It was found that the films contribute to increased awareness, development of empathy, critical thinking, and civic engagement. The most effective thematic areas of the films were identified, and a statistically significant increase in the level of civic identity formation was recorded both among future teachers and school students after viewing them. It is shown that the methodology of integrating educational film content into the learning process is a highly effective means of forming the civic identity of youth.

of particular interest is the problem of students' adaptation to study at a medical university. The large dropout rate of first-year students, the decrease in the quality of educational activities, show that the adaptation of yesterday's students is taking place with considerable difficulties. Therefore, higher education, especially in large cities, faces the important task of finding effective approaches that facilitate the adaptation of first-year students to university studies. The analysis of scientific literature has shown that the process of students' adaptation to learning is influenced by various factors. The combination of all factors causes overexertion not only of the physical, but also of the mental sphere of first-year students, which can lead to maladaptation.

the article discusses the adaptive mechanisms that occur in the human body under different modes of physical activity in the context of the educational process. The relevance of the study is due to the need to preserve and strengthen the health of students who are exposed to hypodynamia and psychoemotional stress. The results of the study can be used to develop and implement innovative physical education programs that are adapted to the needs of the modern educational environment.

the article is devoted to the study of the possibilities and ways of adapting the pedagogical legacy of the outstanding humanist teacher Janusz Korczak in the modern practice of preschool education. The authors show how the principles formulated by Korczak help create a favorable psychological atmosphere in a preschool organization: strengthen mutual respect between participants in the educational process, develop team cohesion, and build trusting relationships between teachers, children, and parents. An important area of research was the study of the influence of humanistic approaches on the professional development of teachers. It is shown how Korczak's ideas contribute to improving pedagogical competence, rethinking traditional methods of work, and mastering new, more effective forms of interaction with children. The research includes an analysis of the main pedagogical ideas of Janusz Korczak and the definition of specific forms and methods of their adaptation in various fields of work of preschool organizations.