Vol 23, No 3 (2024)

Objective. To study the features of the clinical course and morphological manifestations in a child who was treated on an outpatient basis and died in a hospital with a positive test for COVID-19 and sepsis. To identify the factors contributing to the development and progression of this disease. Methods. The data of the medical documentation of the fatal case of a child with a positive PCR test for COVID-19 and sepsis were analyzed. The published data from domestic and foreign sources on children with coronavirus infection, including those with bacterial infections, were studied. In the analysis, special attention is paid to the pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19. Results. A boy of 6 years and 8 months suffered from acute respiratory viral infection ("sore throat") a month before hospitalization. He was treated on an outpatient basis for 2 weeks, then attended kindergarten for 10 days. Two days before hospitalization, his eyes turned red, he sneezed, and his nose was "stuffy". 10 hours before hospitalization, there was repeated vomiting and weakness. After an examination at the reception department of the district hospital with recommendations for treatment, he was sent home. 4 hours before hospitalization, the temperature was 37.7 g C, and vomiting was noted. He was sent from the CRH to the OGBUZ "KB 1" in Smolensk, where he was admitted at 21:35. On examination: condition of moderate severity; conscious, in contact, oriented. Therapeutic and diagnostic measures were initiated. At 22:05 he lost consciousness. Resuscitation measures were started at 22:10. Death was registered at 22:40. A lifetime oropharyngeal smear on SARS/COVID-19 RNA was negative. The sectional material revealed inflammation in many organs and tissues; SARS/COVID-19 RNA and bacterial growth were detected. Conclusions. A feature of the presented clinical case should be considered a marked progression of the pathology in the last day of the child's life with a sharp decompensation. The absence of clearly expressed clinical symptoms due to damage to the respiratory, cardiovascular and a number of other systems, along with complaints of repeated vomiting, did not allow to unambiguously determine the diagnosis of the child. Even the macroscopic picture of organ changes at the autopsy did not immediately allow for a definite interpretation of the results obtained. The results of additional research methods (histological, bacteriological, PCR) significantly contributed to the verification of the diagnosis. The results presented above allow us to take a slightly different look at the pathological processes developing in children with coronavirus infection, including children's multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19. This kind of pathology, which is a "pathology in pathology", can probably occur atypically. The presented data can help in clinical practice to make timely and reasonable decisions on the correction of diagnosis and treatment of such patients. The remaining unresolved issues allow us to determine possible directions for further research.

Objective. Experimental study of the adaptogenic effect of metaprot, a complex of succinic acid salts (amosuccinate) and their combinations to increase individual brain resistance to hypoxia during interval hypoxic hypobaric training. Methods. Acute hypoxic hypobaric hypoxia was induced in a flow pressure chamber. Rats were divided according to their resistance to acute hypoxia, raising them in a pressure chamber to a height of 11,000 m at a speed of 50 m/s and exposing them to the height until agonal breathing occurred. Rats that were exposed to hypoxia for 5-10 minutes were considered low-resistant (LR), and those exposed to hypoxia for more than 10 minutes were considered highly resistant (HR). The interval hypoxic training regimen was 3 days. The one-day training cycle consisted of raising rats 6 times at a speed of 15 m/s to an altitude of 5000 m and exposing them to the height for 30 min. The interval between lifts was 20 minutes. In the study we used the synthetic adaptogen 2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide (metaprot) 25 mg/kg and a complex of succinic acid salts (amosuccinate) 50 mg/kg, which were administered intraperitoneally for 3 days immediately after the end of the one-day training cycle. The control group consisted of trained and untrained rats that received an equivalent volume of saline. Creatine phosphate and free adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP) were determined in the brain, and the energy charge of the adenyl system was calculated. Results. Acute hypoxia caused a decrease in the content of high-energy phosphates in the brain of rats of both groups by 44-73%. Metaprot and, to a lesser extent, amosuccinate increased the survival rate of LR and HR to hypoxia in rats at an altitude of 11,000 m with an exposure of 30 min. The combination of interval hypoxic training with metaprot and, to a lesser extent, amosuccinate enhanced the antihypoxic effect of training. Synthetic adaptogens (metaprot and amosuccinate) against the background of interval training of rats to hypoxia prevented the depletion of high-energy phosphates observed in untrained animals. Conclusion. It was concluded that the combination of high-altitude training with the use of synthetic alaptogens (metaprote and amosuccinate) potentiates adaptive metabolic changes in the brain of rats exposed to pulsed high-altitude training. Against the background of the action of the drugs, the pool of basic high-energy phosphates and the energy charge of the adenyl system are preserved in the brain tissue.

Objective. To study the dalargin effects on the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in mice with experimental ulcerative colitis.Methods. Ulcerative colitis was simulated by replacing drinking water with a 5% solution of dextran sodium sulfate in boiled water for 5 days. Animals were removed from the experiment on the 5th, 7th and 28th days. Dalargin was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 100 mcg/kg body weight once a day for 7 days from the start of ulcerative colitis simulation. Sulfasalazine was administered intragastrically to mice at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight in a volume of 0.3 ml for 7 days. The phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils was assessed by the following indicators: phagocytic index, phagocytic number, opson-phagocytic index.Results. It has been established that ulcerative colitis simulation is accompanied by an increase in the neutrophils phagocytic activity, which is manifested by an increase in the phagocytic number, phagocytic and opson-phagocytic indices on the 5th and 7th days of the experiment. There were no changes in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in the animals with ulcerative colitis compared to naïve mice on the 28th day. Dalargin administration had a corrective effect on the phagocytes function. A statistically significant decrease in the phagocytic number, phagocytic index and opson-phagocytic index was shown in mice with ulcerative colitis. The administration of the reference drug sulfasalazine also led to a decrease in the studied parameters on the 5th and 7th days of the experiment. There were no statistically significant differences in the effects of dalargin and sulfasalazine on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in mice with experimental ulcerative colitis.Conclusion. The corrective effect of dalargin on the neutrophils activity is apparently associated with a decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in the production of anti-inflammatory interleukins, as well as a direct modulating drug effect on phagocytic cells.

Objective. Evaluation of the effectiveness of pharmacological neuroprotection and the prospects for its clinical use in ischemic brain lesions. Methods. Collection, systematization and analysis of literature data and the results of our own research on the experimental and clinical study of pharmacological neuroprotection in ischemic brain lesions. Results. The third part of the work presents a scientifically reasoned justification for the choice and pharmacodynamics of drugs for primary and secondary pharmacological neuroprotection, implemented by blocking the pathogenetic links of the ischemic cascade. The results of experimental and clinical studies of the neuroprotective activity of various pharmacological agents are discussed. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the use of drugs of various pharmacotherapeutic groups and potential medicinal compounds in model conditions of ischemia/hypoxia and the prospects for their clinical use in cerebrovascular insufficiency is carried out. Conclusion. The choice of the means for blocking ischemic cascades for the purpose of pharmacological neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia depends on the period of neuroprotection and ways of its implementation, taking into account pathogenetic targets for pharmacological effects. To increase the effectiveness of anti-ischemic pharmacotherapy, it is advisable to carry out combined neuroprotection using drugs to block the main pathological reactions of the ischemic cascade (glutamate excitotoxicity, hypoxia and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, etc.), and to carry it out sequentially (primary and secondary neuroprotection).

Objective. To evaluate the actual practice of diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) on an outpatient basis. Methods. The analysis of 148 medical records of patients with asthma receiving outpatient medical care who were treated by a pulmonologist at the polyclinic №6 in Smolensk was carried out. Information was collected using a specially designed individual registration card (IRC). Results. Reliable signs of GERD were detected in 1.3% of patients with BA. Among the identified reasons for the low frequency of GERD diagnosis in patients with AD are in-depth questioning of patients and inattention to complaints from other organs and systems, difficulties in diagnosing GERD - the unavailability of modern GERD diagnostics - daily pH impedance. Conclusion. General practitioners and pulmonologists should be more wary of detecting GERD in patients with asthma. All patients with asthma should be offered the GERD-Q questionnaire. Complaints of heartburn and regurgitation should be actively identified. In the absence of an exacerbation of asthma and in the absence of proper control over asthma, it is advisable to perform esophagogastroduodenoscopy and daily pH impedancometry to exclude GERD.

Objective. To study the presence and degree of severity of neuropsychiatric manifestations at the time of discharge, 3 and 6 months after inpatient treatment for COVID-19. Methods. Fifty-nine patients with COVID-19 and CT lung lesions of 2-4 severity were included in a cohort prospective observational study. Neuropsychiatric status was assessed at all stages of the study using: MFI-20 international asthenia test, Spielberger-Hanin situational anxiety scale, Beck depression scale, MMSE brief cognitive function evaluation scale, lung and heart ultrasound, mMRC dyspnea score, 6-minute walk test (6-MT). Results. Eleven patients dropped out within 6 months, 48 patients were examined, 21 (43.7%) males and 27 (56.3%) females, median age was 64.0 (60.0-70.0) years. Depression: after 6 months, a statistically significant positive association of depression with age (r=0.525; p=0.02) and a negative association with distance travelled during 6-MT and saturation were found. Anxiety during hospitalization, after 3 and 6 months was observed in 33 (68.8%), 30 (62.5%) and 33 (68.8%) patients, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between anxiety, distance travelled during 6-MT and saturation during hospitalization and 6 months after discharge. Asthenia: was observed in 100% of patients at all stages of follow-up. At 6 months after discharge, a significant negative correlation was found between asthenia, distance travelled during 6-MT and saturation. No patients with dementia-related disorders were identified. Conclusion. At 3 and 6 months after hospital discharge, depression persisted in about one third of all patients, and anxiety was noted in more than 2/3 of cases. All patients had asthenia with a significant decrease in severity in dynamics. In women asthenia, anxiety and depression were observed more often than in men.

Objective. To demonstrate a case of interaction between warfarin and levofloxacin in a comorbid patient.Methods. Patient Ch., 70 years old, was admitted to the cardiology department of the SBI of the Republic of Dagestan "Republican Clinical Hospital named after A.V. Vishnevsky". A survey, physical examination, and laboratory and instrumental studies were conducted.Results. A clinical case of the interaction of warfarin with levofloxacin in a 70-year-old patient with comorbid pathology is presented. Clinical diagnosis: coronary heart disease; angina pectoris of tension III FC; sinus node weakness syndrome; paroxysmal form of atrial fibrillation; hypertension of the III stage; arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree; risk of cardiovascular complications IV; chronic heart failure I st, II FC according to NYHA; condition after mitral valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis Medinj No.29; suturing of the auricle of the left atrium from 11/20/2018 Implantation of a two-chamber pacemaker Medtronic Adapta, stimulation mode DDD = AAI; Videothoracoscopic (VATS) atypical resection of the lower lobe of the right lung; biopsy of the diaphragm and mediastinum from 08/22.23; community-acquired right-sided lower lobe pneumonia of moderate severity, respiratory failure 1st.; cancer of the upper lobe of the right lung with atelectasis of the upper lobe; MTS into the right pleural cavity with tumorous pleurisy of the 4th degree of the 2nd clinical group; T3N2M1; mild iron deficiency anemia. Prescriptions: warfarin 3.75 mg p/day, omeprazole 20 mg 2 p/day, amiodarone 200 mg 1 p/day, bisoprolol 2.5 mg 1 p/day, azilsartan 20 mg 1 p/day, veroshpiron 25 mg p/day, furosemide 20 mg for three days, then transferred to torasemide 10 mg p/day, diacarb 250 mg 1 p/day 1 day, ACC long 600 mg 1 p/day, sorbifer 100 mg 2 p/day, bificin 1 capsule 1 p/day, freshly frozen plasma, levofloxacin 500 mg 2 times intravenous drip p/day. On the 2nd day of therapy, it was canceled due to an increase in INR levels to 8.4. From 09/15/2023, levofloxacin was replaced with meropenem 1g 3 r/d intravenously, with positive dynamics.Conclusion. This clinical case demonstrates the possibility of drug interaction between vitamin K antagonist warfarin and fluoroquinolone levofloxacin and the need for careful monitoring of INR in patients with comorbid pathology.

Objective. To study the structure of the pathology of the visual organs in children with constitutional exogenous obesity in comparison with the control group according to the life history and the results of an examination by a hospital ophthalmologist. Methods. A retrospective analysis was carried out using a random sampling method (extracts from the developmental history, hospital records) of the documentation of 372 children: 186 children with constitutional exogenous obesity (CEC) and 186 children from the control group. All children were examined at the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital in Astrakhan from 1994 to 2020. The median age of obese children is 13 years [min 3.9; max 17.0], control group - 14 years [1.5; 17.0]. The median SDS body mass index in obese children was +2.6 [min +1.1; max +4.5], in the control group, respectively, -0.5 [min -3.0; max +1.0]. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 10 software package. Differences were considered significant at p<0.05. Results. In children with constitutional exogenous obesity, pathology of the visual organs significantly prevails (39.8%) compared to the group of children without obesity (6.9%), χ2 = 6.04, p = 0.0134. The first place among diseases of the visual organs in the group of obese children is occupied by myopia (7.0%), the second place is retinal angiopathy (5.4%), the third is accommodation spasm (3.3%), the fourth is hypermetropia (2. 1%). Retinal angiopathy is registered 5 times more often in the group of obese children (5.4%) compared to the control group (1.1%), χ2=4.22, p=0.040. Conclusion. In obese children, pathology of the visual organs (p = 0.0134) and retinal angiopathy (p = 0.040) are more common in comparison with conventionally healthy children. Obese children were diagnosed with retinal angiopathy almost 5 times more often (5,4%) than in children from the comparison group (1,1%). The detection of changes in the fundus indicates not only regional ill-being, but also possibly reflects the systemic nature of damage to the microvasculature, similar to what occurs in diabetes mellitus.

Objective. The purpose was to assess the incidence of cerebrovascular disorders occurring as a result of local and total body irradiation long after the exposure. Methods. Publications about patients and data from the archives of the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology. Human subjects: patients with head and neck cancers who received radiotherapy (local irradiation) and “liquidators” consequences of the Chernobyl accident (total body irradiation). The study used Microsoft Excel 2016 for statistical processing and quantitative data that follows a normal distribution with mean score (M) and standard deviation (SD). The probability of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) was measured using relative risk and 95% confidence intervals; the significance of difference was assessed using the c² criterion. We looked for correlations between variables using the correlation and regression analysis. The difference was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. The incidence of CVD in the liquidators and patients was 41.0% (8.8) and 17.9% (12.9). The radiation dose received by the liquidators and patients was 0.13 Gy (0.09; 0.17) and 53.55 Gy (47.45; 59.64), respectively. The average incidence of CVD in liquidators was 41.0% (8.8), which is two times (р < 0.001) higher than in the patients (17,9% (12.9)). We have found a correlation between the incidence of CVD and radiation dose both for the patients (R = 0.693; R² = 0.480) and the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident (R = 0.639; R² = 0.408). Conclusion. The long-term consequences of exposure to radiation largely depend on the type and duration of exposure: short-term local irradiation at high doses results in 2.3 times lower incidence of CVD than long-term continuous total body irradiation at low doses.

Objective. To study the features of neuro-microcirculatory relationships in patients with kyphoscoliosis associated with spinal cord compression before and after surgical treatment. Methods. At the N.N. Priorov NMIC, 20 patients with spinal deformities associated with neurological deficits of varying severity were examined using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) followed by wavelet analysis and operated on. Decompression of the spinal canal and correction of deformity were performed. LDF was performed before surgery, 1-2 weeks after surgery, as well as at a follow-up examination 3-6 and 6-12 months later; and more than 1 year after surgery. A statistical analysis of microcirculation parameters was carried out. Results. After surgery, the activity of trophotropic sensory peptidergic nerve fibers and the amount of perfusion of the microcirculatory bed increased and was maintained, starting from the early postoperative period. Ergotropic sympathetic adrenergic activity significantly decreased in the period 6-12 months after surgery. The maximum mobilization of trophotropic neurogenic mechanisms of sanogenesis was observed in the period 6-12 months after surgery. Conclusion. The use of laser Doppler flowmetry with spectral wavelet analysis of blood flow fluctuations makes it possible to assess the functional state of thin unmyelinated nerve fibers and objectify the dynamics of recovery processes in patients with kyphoscoliotic spinal deformities associated with spinal cord compression.

Objective. To study the possibilities of diffusion-weighted images during MR-enterography and determine the need for its use in a standard protocol. Methods. MR-enterography was performed in 374 patients with suspected Crohn's disease, in 20 patients with enteropathy, and in 14 patients with suspected neoplasm of the small intestine. The evaluation of the signal characteristics of diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for the affected and unchanged walls of the small intestine was performed in patients with various pathologies. The patients were examined on magnetic resonance imaging machines with 1.5 Tesla magnetic field induction. Results. When assessing the unchanged wall of the small intestine (n=152), there was no MR signal increase at the measurement point on the DWI and there was по MR signal reduction on ADC maps. The ADC values of the examined patients ranged from 1.43 to 2.87×10-3 mm2/s in different parts of the same segment of the intestine. The criteria for an active inflammatory process (n=52) were: a mandatory MR signal increasing on DWI and MR signal decrease on ADC maps. The ADC values in these cases were <1 and ranged from 0.6-0.8×10-3mm2/s. Minimal inflammation (n=27) in the form of erosions and hyperemia was difficult to visualize on T2 FS WI. The ADC values of small intestine tumors ranged from 0.2-0.8×0-3 mm2/s and overlapped with the ADC values of patients with Crohn's disease (p>0.05). Conclusion. The use of diffusion-weighted images during MR enterography makes it possible to carry out differential diagnosis of various intestinal diseases, to assess the activity of Crohn's disease and identify lymphadenopathy.

Objective. To study and analyze current data on genetic nature atrial fibrillation (AF) and to assess the importance of genetic risk in the diagnosis and determination of prognosis, as well as to become familiar with the issues of genotype-based pharmacotherapy for familial AF. Methods. Collection, analysis, and systematization of data on the genetic nature of AF. Results. This review article presents current concepts about genetic predictors of AF, including genes involved in the regulation of cardiac ion channels, transcription factors, and secondary risk factors for AF. Modern therapeutic technologies are described in detail, in particular the choice of treatment tactics and assessment of the effectiveness of interventions and genotype-based antiarrhythmic pharmacotherapy for AF. Conclusions. It has been shown that the familial form of AF is quite common in the general population, makes a serious contribution to mortality and thereby diverts enormous economic resources to solve medical and social problems associated with the provision of specialized medical care. In this context, verification of patients with familial AF will contribute to early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular complications associated with AF, as well as the introduction of effective pharmacotherapy and interventional procedures.

Objective. To analyze modern scientific information about the features of hemostasis in newborn children and methods of its assessment. Methods. The review includes research by foreign and domestic scientists related to this topic. Results. The hemostatic balance between bleeding and clotting in the fetus and newborn is unique. This uniqueness is manifested in the enhancement of the coagulation function in combination with a shortage of individual components of the coagulation system. Currently, there are two basic methods for studying the state of hemostasis in newborn children - "global" and "local" tests. The most reliable are the "global" tests, since they record not only the moment of clot formation, but also its subsequent transformation. Timely assessment of the main components of hemostasis, the use of modern methods for their diagnosis will significantly reduce the number of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, as well as the time spent by newborns in intensive care units and nursing. Conclusions. The literature review examines the features of hemostasis in full-term and premature newborns. The authors compare "local" and "global" methods of hemostasis research, and cite the main advantages of thromboelastography over "local" tests. The analysis of modern research data is presented.

Objective. Development of Sextaphag® Piobacteriophage polyvalent films composition by mathematical method of multicriteria sampling planning. Methods. The object of the study was model films with combined bacteriophage Sextaphag® Piobacteriophage polyvalent based on biodegradable polymers. The specific activity of the combined bacteriophage was evaluated by Appelman's method. Bacteriophage release from the films was determined by the method of diffusion into agar on dense nutrient medium. Pharmacokinetics of bacteriophages was determined by equilibrium dialysis through semipermeable membrane by Kruvchinsky method. Adhesion properties of films - by the force of detachment from the surface. Optimization of Sextafag® Piobacteriophage polyvalent films composition was carried out by methods of mathematical planning - multicriteria sampling by additive optimality criterion and Pareto principle. Results. Multicriteria sampling according to the additive criterion of optimality of values for specific activity of sextaphage in the film, release, dialysis and adhesion showed that polymeric matrices based on food gelatin have optimal indicators. The selection of the ratio of components of the polymeric biomatrix formulation was carried out according to the Pareto principle by analyzing the stability criteria of the combined bacteriophage during air drying and the adhesion of model films. The dominant biopharmaceutical characteristics according to optimization criteria were found in model films of the following composition: gelatin - 5.0; glycerin - 2.0; Sextaphag® Pyobacteriophage polyvalent - 40.0; purified water - 53.0. Conclusion. The optimal composition of antibacterial modified films Sextaphag® Piobacteriophage polyvalent has been developed as a result of complex research with the use of mathematical planning methods.

Objective. An experimental study of the features of the trans-red transition of essential elements along the chain "soil - medicinal plant raw materials - infusions and decoctions". Methods. Pharmacopoeial types of medicinal plant raw materials were used as study objects: dioecious nettle leaves, big plantain leaves, common fir flowers, heart-shaped linden flowers, five-lobed motherwort grass, bitter wormwood grass, common yarrow grass, avian mountain grass, common burdock roots, medicinal dandelion roots. The microelement composition of the samples was studied by mass spectroscopic method after acid-microwave decomposition. Results. The studied raw materials contain essential trace elements in an amount from 763 μg/g to 9795 μg/g. The infusion of dioecious nettle leaves (more than 120 μg/mL) is released by the sharply emitting content of essential trace elements; in the remaining aqueous extracts, the indicator varied from 9.37 μg/mL to 25.16 μg/mL. In all the studied aqueous extracts, a high (relative to other elements) content of silicon, as well as manganese, iron and zinc was noted. The degree of transition of various elements along the chain "soil - medicinal plant raw materials - aqueous extracts" varies greatly. The elements strongly accumulated by medicinal plant raw materials are transferred from soils to water extracts most efficiently. Conclusion. The results of the study showed a rich macroelement composition of the studied LMS, which can be used in medical and pharmaceutical practice to correct the physiological norms of the content of elements in the human body.

Objective. Study of raw materials of Garmala herb harvested in populations growing in the Lower Volga region to assess the possibility of import substitution of this type of raw material. Methods. The paper presents the results of analysis of macroscopic and microscopic features of raw materials of Peganum Harmala herb (Peganum Harmala herbae), harvested in Akhtubinsk district of Astrakhan region, quantitative determination of the content of the main active substances. The alkaloid content determined by alkalimetric titration and direct spectrophotometric method. The content of tannins by permangonatometric titration method. Flavonoid content by differential spectrophotometric method. Results. The content of alkaloids in terms of peganine by the method of alkalimetric titration was 2.4%. By direct spectrophotometric method, peganine is 1.6%, garmine is 0.15%. The content of tannins in terms of catechin by permanganatometric titration was 2.02%. The content of flavonoids in terms of hyperoside by differential spectrophotometric method was 0.25%. Conclusions. Raw material Peganum harmala herb (Peganum harmala herbae) harvested in populations growing in the Astrakhan region is not inferior to foreign ones. It can be an alternative to import.

Objective. The aim of the study was to review the concept of legal competence for the development of a model of legal competence of a pharmacy organization. Methods. Scientific publications of the Russian information and analytical portal eLibrary.ru, the electronic fund of dissertations of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian State Library". The review of literary sources and normative legal acts was carried out using methods of content analysis, systematization, generalization and grouping of data. Results. Based on the current regulatory legal acts, the authors formulate the importance for a pharmaceutical specialist of legal knowledge, skills and abilities in his professional activity. The analysis of literary sources of the definition of "legal competence" in various branches of scientific knowledge is carried out, and a definition of the legal competence of a pharmacy organization is proposed. The models of legal competence of specialists in various professional fields have been studied. Conclusion. The authors have developed and proposed a model of legal competence of a pharmacy organization, which contains a three-component structure.

The article presents the history of the creation and the main stages of development of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Smolensk State Medical Institute (now university) from 1923 to 2023. The article is based on information obtained from archival sources and memoirs of the department staff.