Vol 28, No 4 (2023)
- Year: 2023
- Published: 05.10.2023
- Articles: 23
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/1810-0201/issue/view/19728
Full Issue
Articles
Research of professional and value orientatio s of youth in the conditions of nternet socialization
Abstract
Relevance. We studied the professional-value orientati ns of young people in the conditions of Internet socialization, their place in the structure of the life values of young people. The relevance is due to the need to search for technologies for managing the process of professionally oriented training of young people with the help of the Internet. The concept of professional value orientations of young people is clarified, technologies that contribute to the Internet socialization of youth are identified, Internet technologies that contribute to the formation of professional value orientations of young people are identified.Research methods. To achieve the goals of the study, various methods were used, including the method of analyzing information sources, the method of questioning through the digital resource Google Forms.Research results. We discuss the results of a study of the professional and value orientations of young people in the context of Internet socialization with the help of professionally oriented social networks, professional communities, technologies and services for interaction on the Internet. The Internet socialization of young people using freelance technologies, online internships, online educational platforms is being studied. A study is being made of the attitude of the pedagogical and business communities to the practice of university students with the help of Internet technologies.Conclusions. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that the specificity of the formation of professional and value orientations of student youth in the conditions of Internet socialization is manifested in their active position, entry into various professionally oriented communities and their adaptation, individuality and integration in this community. Socialization first manifests itself as a process of adaptation to a professionally oriented Internet community, then – a demonstration of one’s individuality in the Internet community, and finally – entry into the Internet community and influence on its life. Based on the above, a discussion was held of the results of a study of professional value orientations of young people in the context of Internet socialization in professionally oriented social networks, freelance technologies, online internships, online educational platforms, and others.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):747-769
747-769
Analysis of the publication activity of world researchers on the problem of forming a digital educational ecosystem for university students
Abstract
Relevance. We consider the publication activity on the problem of forming a digital educational ecosystem for university students. The period of appearance of publications on the problem and the dynamics of the publication activity of the scientific community are revealed. Based on the use of Dimensions.ai, Lens.org, Scopus, Web of Science, VOSviewer built charts, bibliometric maps of the publication activity of authors by keywords, activity of countries. The purpose of the study is to show that the digital educational ecosystem is a promising tool for pedagogical communication and contains significant potential for enhancing the research and innovation activities of students.Research methods. To achieve the goals of the study, various methods were used, including the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, cluster analysis, generalization and systematization of data.Research results. An analysis of the distribution map of publications made it possible to identify the main directions of research on the problem. According to the data, the most significant areas are computer science, business, sociology, knowledge management and the environment. In the period from 2010 to 2019, there has been an active growth in publications on related topics. Presumably, the increase in activity is associated with attempts to understand not so much the essence of the digital educational ecosystem as to understand the concept of a digital educational ecosys tem, which was discussed in foreign publications during this period. But the results of the analysis based on these publications may indicate a shift in the focus of research in this area. Perhaps this is due to a change in trends that affect the activity of researchers in this topic. This downward trend may indicate a shift in researchers’ interest to problems related to the pandemic. It is concluded that studies related to “digital educational ecosystems” (digital educational ecosystems) are characterized by fragmentation and fragmentation, which represents the need for a systematic approach and a deeper study of this subject area, which will allow us to analyze and understand the complex interactions and relationships between the various components of these ecosystems. It is substantiated that publications on the research problem in the field of pedagogy are fragmented, and publication activity lags behind the information technology industry, which slows down research in the field of realizing the pedagogical potential of the digital educational ecosystem for university students.Conclusions. The digital educational ecosystem is a promising tool for pedagogical communication and contains significant potential for enhancing the research and innovation activities of students. But this potential has not yet been realized due to the undeveloped methodological framework. A systematic understanding of the methodological basis of the digital educational ecosystem is required.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):770-782
770-782
Classical sonata form: the context of modern music-pedagogy experience
Abstract
Importance. The range of issues of fortepiano pedagogy related to the development of the classical sonata form in succession with the composing and performing experience of the pre-classical period is considered. The problem of mastering the modern musical and pedagogical experience in the field of studying the classical sonata form in the fortepiano classroom is solved.Materials and methods. The semiotic approach to the musical text is used as the main methodological principle, as well as historical and cultural commentary and reconstruction of the authentic environment in which the classical sonata form was created and developed. The expediency of using the “quasi-score of the performing concept” in pedagogical communication is shown. The justification of the introduced concept contains various examples of reading the urtext. The proposed methods can be widely used in the sequential process of mastering a large form in an instrumental classroom.Results and Discussion. A useful result of the proposed approach is a meaningful attitude to performance technique as a resource for generating variants of the correct author’s interpretation of a work of art. Despite the fact that the large form is an obligatory part of music pedagogy, practicing musicians face problems of formal and semantic perception of the text in the process of participating in the dialogue environment “teacher – student”, “composer – instrumentalist”. By analogy with the term quasi-scores used in the art criticism analysis of a large form, the concept of “quasiscore of the performing concept” is introduced, which allows to enrich pedagogical communication with a large volume of historical and cultural information tied to the artistic text of the work and the technology of its performance. Concrete examples of the mutual influence of the largest representatives of the composer and performing practice of the 18th century are given and interpreted.Conclusion. The idea of the need to develop the ability of an instrumentalist to understand, hear and reproduce in performing practice the constructs of the musical language generated in the syncretism of the compositional and performing practice of the epochs of Johann Kunau, the Bach family, Domenico Scarlatti, Georg Friedrich Handel, Joseph Haydn, Muzio Clementi, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven is argued.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):783-794
783-794
American tradition of intellectual competitions: contests and Olympiads
Abstract
Importance. The Olympiad movement is gaining popularity around the world, attracting the attention of schoolchildren as a reliable tool for self-development and study of subjects at an increased level. The problem of the study is the analysis of foreign practices of organizing intellectual competitions for schoolchildren, in the context of the development of creative abilities of students. The focus of our attention is the national ecosystem of the implementation of intellectual competitions in the United States. The purpose of our study is refracted in identifying the peculiarities of the implementation of these competitive events in the American tradition, while the relevance is due to the success of the US teams at international olympiads.Materials and methods. Methodologically, we rely on the principles of systemic, de-factional and cultural approaches. Among the theoretical methods we used are the study of scientific literature on the topic, including in English; generalization, categorization, comparative analysis, as well as analysis of US legal acts in the field of education, and websites of operators of intellectual competitions.Results. As a result of the study, a number of features of the American system for the selection and development of talented schoolchildren in school were established, among the features were the decentralization of the organization of competitions and the widespread introduction of team competitions.Conclusion. The novelty of the study is refracted in the study of the features of the competitive and Olympiad movement in the United States at the present stage. The theoretical significance lies in the increase in pedagogical knowledge about foreign education in the implementation of the Olympiad movement, at the practical level, the obtained data can be adapted and introduced into domestic practices for finding talented youth.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):795-804
795-804
Possibilities of pedagogical support in the formation of teenagers’ readiness for military duty
Abstract
Importance. Modern society is becoming more and more complex and it is necessary to educate its citizens in the spirit of high morality, attentiveness to neighbors, respect for the law and readiness for the needs of their country. Respect for the transmitted knowledge, training in ethical and moral behavior, taking care of health, putting personal life in order will lead to the fact that teenagers will be more willing to prepare for military duty and easier to perceive difficulties in execution their military duties. Consequently, pedagogical support for the formation of teenagers’ readiness for military duty is an urgent and very important task in modern conditions. Pedagogical support for the formation of teenagers’ readiness for military duty can be achieved by conducting special classes in schools, as well as in military camps, where teenagers receive military tactical training skills, and professional military instructors can conduct special classes and trainings that will not only strengthen physical health, but also help them learn how to live and work in special conditions.Research methods. Based on the analysis of interdisciplinary literature and advanced experience on the problem of pedagogical support for the formation of readiness of adolescents for military duty; generalization, comparison, systematization, observation, analysis of school activities; the possibilities of pedagogical support that complement modern scientific ideas about the effectiveness of the formation of readiness of adolescents for military duty in educational organizations are revealed.Results and Discussion. The possibilities of pedagogical support are revealed, complementing modern scientific ideas about the effectiveness of the formation of teenagers’ readiness for military duty in general education organizations from the perspective of the main trends of modern school education (patriotism, citizenship, responsibility for the present and future of the country, the native land and their own destiny).Conclusion. The strategies of pedagogical support for the formation of teenagers’ readiness for military duty and the corresponding tactics that contribute to the theory of the organization of the educational process in modern Russian secondary schools are substantiated.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):805-812
805-812
Analysis of some “fashionable” cognitive strategies in pedagogy of higher education
Abstract
Relevance. Intellectual fashion plays an important role in determining the principles of organizing cognitive space in the practice of teaching the younger generation. The problem of choosing a cognitive strategy is key to the implementation of personal development within the framework of any educational model. A critical analysis of popular cognitive strategies enjoying increased attention from the scientific community is relevant, since the adherence of researchers to pedagogical fashion distracts methodologists from solving truly significant problems. The purpose of the study is a critical assessment of two phenomena of pedagogical fashion: the “flipped classroom” and content and language integrated learning (CLIL).Research methods. Based on a theoretical analysis of scientific literature and systematization of existing methodological concepts, the correct methodological conditions for the implementation of these pedagogical strategies in a modern university are identified and justified.Research results. It has been revealed that the name “flipped classroom” referring to the popular model of advanced independent students’ work is terminologically incompatible with the formal style of Russian scientific discourse. The idea that the effective use of modern digital resources in the university educational process should be associated only with this model is also subject to crit ical rethinking. The CLIL methodology used in teaching foreign languages should provide a dual focus in teaching, combining simultaneous mastery of both the subject and a foreign language within one basic discipline. Many CLIL proponents consider it a central phenomenon in teaching foreign languages, but consider it superficially, ignoring the differences between the methodologies of CLIL vs ESP (English for Specific Purposes) as well as CLIL vs EMI (English as Medium of Instruction).Conclusions. It is more correct to consider the “flipped classroom” strategy as advanced independent students’ work or reverse learning as a form of blended learning. The review of Russian studies devoted to CLIL allows us to negatively assess the CLIL centralization trend without proper taking into account its differences from the ESP and EMI methodologies.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):813-832
813-832
Selection and adaptation of teaching materials for content and language integrated learning
Abstract
Importance. Language teaching in higher education is aimed not only to promote the development of communicative competence at medium and high levels, but also to be a way of familiarizing students with specialized foreign language discourse. One of the most common methods that can accomplish these two tasks is Content and Language Integrated Learning. With its help, it is possible to adapt authentic materials to the requirements of linguodidactics. However, the question of the procedure for creating teaching materials for an integrated course remains open – there is a need to determine the general properties of selected and adapted texts for Content and Language Integrated Learning.Research methods. The research is based on the scientific literature devoted to the organization of the integrated learning course. The connections between the systems of materials creation proposed by various authors were revealed via comparative analysis.Results and Discussion. In the course of the study, a list of the properties of educational texts necessary for effective teaching of a professional foreign language was established. Different models of selection, ordering and adaptation of authentic texts are also considered. The correlation of the variety of properties and methods of organizing materials led to the creation of a three-module system that includes content, cognitive and communicative components. Each of the components operates with special characteristics of the selected and adapted texts: content – professional relevance of the texts; cognitive – the potential novelty of the perceived material; communicative – language and speech means to create communication environment.Conclusion. The proposed three-module system of adaptation of authentic materials for Content and Language Integrated Learning is able to cover a variety of characteristics of texts, thereby providing opportunities for effective organization of the educational process.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):833-844
833-844
Competences of specialized translation / interpreting trainers in the contemporary environment
Abstract
Importance. We analyzed and ranked the competences of a specialized translation / interpreting trainer required in the rapidly changing world with the ever-evolving translator/interpreter job duties. The purpose of this study is to support specialized translation / interpreting trainer curriculum developmentand upgrades for university degrees and further education programs.Research Methods. We analyzed the regulations and performed anonymous online surveys with Google Forms. The survey results were averaged and ranked.Results and Discussion. We identified 21 translation / interpreting and teaching skills and knowledge components. Then we surveyed the translation trainers to assess the significance of each component. The survey results were ranked to obtain a list of the 10 most relevant skills and knowledge components.The top ones are translation and translation editing, translation assessment and providing a rationale for it, and knowing how to teach translation and / or interpreting. These are the key competences for the specialized translation / interpreting trainer.Conclusions. This study shows that the specialized translation / interpreting trainercompetences include the translator / interpreter competences, common university-level teaching competences, and specific translation / interpreting teaching competences.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):845-857
845-857
Scientific and educational discourse in a process of a student foreign language education
Abstract
Importance. The continuity and intensity of the society development process is determined by a person’s need for socialization. At the present stage of its existence, social institutions are directly connected not only with the communication process, but also with certain areas of scientific knowledge. However, detailed descriptions of new types of discourse that have arisen as a result of mutual integration are rare. Consequently, such precedents need to be studied in detail and the definition of characteristic features. The purpose of the study is to characterize the scientific and educational type of discourse in the process of teaching a foreign language and to substantiate its methodical potential.Materials and methods. With the use of theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical literature, systematization of conceptual approaches to the definition of the term “discourse” and comparative analysis of available interpretations, a characteristic of scientific and educational discourse is developed and its methodical potential is theoretically substantiated.Results and Discussion. The author’s definition of the term “discourse” is proposed, which means the process of speech communication in an institutionalized context between communicants with a set of status-role models. The author’s definition of the term “scientific and educational discourse” is also proposed as a complex, complex and multi-layered system of acts of scientific communication that contributes to the formation of skills and abilities necessary for socialization, structurally correlated with a certain social institution. The author’s characteristic of scientific and educational discourse is described and developed.Conclusion. The synergy of scientific and educational types of discourse in the foreign language teaching process contributes to the successful socialization of the student, the acquisition of foreign language communicative competence and can also exist in the structural formation of any social institution, influencing the communists who are in the given status-role models.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):858-868
858-868
The research of the surface and deep scientific articles structures by Russian-speaking authors based on the linguocultural approach
Abstract
Importance. Academic writing courses, traditionally based on the concept of English for Academic Purposes, are increasingly being criticized by researchers and teachers of this discipline. Teaching students to write scientific articles that correspond to all the rules does not seem to be enough; it is also necessary to develop didactic tools for creating appropriate text structures that lie in the field of linguocultural meanings and are closely related to the intellectual style of representatives of a particular culture and provide them to students. The purpose of the research is: a) substantiation of the idea of “cultural capacity” of an academic text; b) identification of text parameters in which national and cultural meanings are expressed; c) analysis of linguistic and cultural features of scientific articles written by Russian-speaking authors in Russian, based on these parameters; d) determination of the specifics of the intellectual style of Russian-speaking researchers.Materials and methods. A discourse analysis of 139 scientific articles from the field of linguistics and theory and teaching methods written by Russian-speaking authors in Russian was carried out.Results and Discussion. An average portrait of a Russian-speaking researcher was compiled and the features of his intellectual style were described.Conclusion. It is revealed that: a) not only artistic texts have linguistic and cultural potential, but also texts of other functional styles, including scientific articles; b) culture and the text of a scientific article have common features; c) the intellectual style of Russian-speaking researchers tends to Teutonic, and the way of thinking – to “holistic, dialectical”.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):869-879
869-879
Methodical model of teaching types of foreign language communicative activity to students based on dictogloss
Abstract
Relevance. Modeling as a method is used to create and work with models of various objects or processes. Models allow to visualize abstract and complex scientific concepts in order to better understand them. In the methodology of a foreign language teaching, modeling is used for conducting experimental training in a controlled environment, predicting results, as well as planning further actions. Dictogloss as a means of a foreign language teaching imitates a kind of dictation, in which students reproduce the text they have heard using correct stylistic and lexicalgrammatical forms. The format of the dictogloss allows it to be used in the form of blended learning with the help of modern information and communication technologies, making it more accessible to students. However, there are no many papers in the scientific and methodical literature devoted to the development of language faculty students’ foreign language communicative abilities based on dictogloss. The purpose of the research is to develop a methodical model of teaching types of foreign language communicative activity to students based on dictogloss.Research methods. The following theoretical methods were used in this paper to create a methodical model: the study and analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, the generalization of the data and conceptual provisions contained therein. On the basis of empirical research methods, the practical experience of using dictogloss as a means of a foreign language teaching was studied and analyzed, a methodological model of teaching students types of foreign language communicative activity based on dictogloss was developed and described.Results and Discussion. In this paper, the author’s methodical model of teaching of students to types of foreign language communicative activity based on dictoglosswas developed and described. The methodological model of training is a set of hierarchically ordered components: prerequisites, target, theoretical, technological and evaluative-effective blocks. Each block contains components that reveal the essence of the research and determine its focus.Conclusions. The developed methodical model of teaching types of foreign language communicative activity to students based on dictogloss is aimed at increasing the intensity and efficiency of the educational process. The results obtained can be used to develop methodical materials on the use of dictogloss technology in a foreign language teaching, as well as in conducting other research in the field of foreign language teaching methods.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):880-896
880-896
Analysis of the reserves of the cardiovascular system of students with various diseases
Abstract
Relevance. Currently, there is a deterioration in the health of the younger generation, including students. Conducting classes with students of special medical group B requires constant monitoring of the reserves of the body functional systems. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of workload for choosing effective means of preventing various diseases, improving the health of students through physical education.Research methods. Based on the theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature and systematization of a wide range of Skibinskaya, Rufier and Robinson indices, the levels of reserves of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of students of special medical group “B” with various diseases were revealed.The results of the study. The levels of reserves of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of students with various diseases that need to be taken into account when organizing physical education classes with this category of students are identified and substantiated.Conclusion. Physical education classes for students of special medical group “B” should be organized taking into account the level of reserves of the cardiorespiratory system, and are primarily aimed at increasing them, regardless of the disease.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):897-905
897-905
Features of planning physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged children with speech disorders
Abstract
Importance. The features of planning physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged children with speech disorders are considered. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of planning physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged children with speech disorders. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks are solved: the features of the relationship between speech and motor disorders of preschool children asre characterized; a review of psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem is conducted; methodological recommendations are developed for planning physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged children with speech disorders.Research methods. Analysis of theoretical and methodological literature on the research topic, analysis of the experience of practitioners working with preschool children with speech disorders, comparative analysis, as well as the method of generalizations.Result and Discussion. Speech disorders of preschool children are closely related to motor disorders, since the speech and motor spheres are inextricably linked; it is necessary to plan physical education classes for mentally challenged children with speech disorders in a preschool educational institution in such a way that during these classes the simultaneous development of the speech and motor spheres takes place. It is necessary to include elements of rhythmics, dance movements, aerobics, etc. in physical education classes.; in the process of planning a system of physical education classes, it is also advisable to integrate innovative techniques into classes, namely: 3D fitness, classes on step platforms (subject to technical capability), etc.Conclusion. Competent planning of physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged with speech disorders will make it possible not only to provide children with the necessary physical activity, but also to correct speech disorders to some extent.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):906-913
906-913
Last fight of Alyosha Popovich
Abstract
Importance. Despite the fact that in our time the interest of Russian scientists in the history of Ancient Rus has significantly increased, some of its pages remain almost unexplored. For example, Alyosha Popovich, repeatedly mentioned in Ancient Rus’ chroniques and bylinas, remains for many modern researchers only a folklore character. Meanwhile, a detailed analysis of the key moments of the biography of the historical prototype of the bylina’s bogatyr will allow modern scientists to more deeply explore the historical processes that took place in the Ancient Rus’ society of the pre-Mongol era.Materials and methods. In the course of the research, special methods of cognition (historicalanalytical and problem-chronological) were used. The materials that form the basis of the research have been studied and analyzed taking into account the chronology of events, the need to obtain historical information from the scientific sources being studied. When comparing different theoretical views on the analyzed problems, the method of comparative and retrospective analysis was used. Chroniques and chronographs of the 15th–17th centuries, as well as Ancient Rus’ bylinas, the main character of which was Alyosha Popovich, became the basis of the source base of the research.Results and Discussion. Based on the analysis of Ancient Rus’ chroniques and chronographs, as well as the text of the folk bylina “Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent”, the authors refuted the hypothesis that recently dominated in Russian science that Alyosha Popovich is a collective image of the ancient defenders of native land. The historical reconstruction of the biography of the most probable historical prototype of the bylina’s bogatyr is also presented.Conclusion. The main historical prototype of bylina’s bogatyr Alyosha Popovich was the Rostov warrior Alexander Popovich. He served in the druzhinas of the Old Russian knyazs Vsevolod Yuryevich and Konstantin Vsevolodovich and under their command participated in military campaigns and internecine wars.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):914-922
914-922
Establishment of subaltern officer’s institute in the Ural: experience of hierarchical cluster analysis
Abstract
Importance. The formation of subaltern officer’s institute in the Ural in the last quarter of the 19th century is considered. The importance of the research lies in the fact that, despite a thorough study of the subaltern officers personnel of the Russian Empire, serious researches of subaltern officers’ sites were practically not carried out. The purpose of the research is to analyze the subaltern officers’ sites in the Ural with the help of mathematical and statistical tools.Materials and methods. The Russian modernization theory is chosen as a medium-level methodology. The key method of the study is the multidimensional data analysis on the subaltern officers’ sites.Results and Discussion. The construction of a multifactorial typology of subaltern officers’ sites in the Ural in 1878 is considered. The results obtained can be used in teaching the course “History of law enforcement agencies of Russia”.Conclusion. The reform of 1878 failed to create police bodies in the Ural adequate to the rapid growth of the population and the territories’ extensiveness. Although most of the counties of the Southern Ural can be considered much easier to patrol than in the Vyatka and Perm governorates. In 20% of the counties of the Ural, patrolling sites by one rider turned out to be impracticable.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):923-932
923-932
How railway communication in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries helped to spread anti-government literature to revolutionaries (on the example of Kursk province)
Abstract
Importance. In the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, an unstable internal political situation was observed in Russia. The activation of the oppositional political forces was facilitated by unresolved topical problems for society (for example, the peasant and workers’ question). The «awakening» of the population was facilitated by agitation and propaganda activities organized by left-wing political parties, such as the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party and the Socialist Revolutionaries. At the same time, the spread of anti-government literature across the country was, as a rule, by rail. The study of the experience of agitation and propaganda work (on the example of a typical Russian province) will not only enrich the historical sphere of scientific knowledge, but also assess the effectiveness of the implemented mechanisms for the dissemination of revolutionary literature in the historical conditions. This is the purpose of this study.Materials and methods. In the process of working on the topic, the following methods of scientific cognition were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, chronological and comparativehistorical methods.Results and Discussion. It is determined that oppositional political parties used railway lines as an effective «means» of delivering revolutionary literature to provincial regions.Conclusion. However, such propaganda and agitation activities did not always lead to the desired result, and the local population was wary of the discovered «finds» in the form of revolutionary leaflets, appeals, proclamations, pamphlets, etc.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):933-941
933-941
Tambov zemstvo craft and education orphanage for juvenile delinquents: on the history of foundation and work
Abstract
Importance. The development of any scientific problem should be based on an analysis of the previous history of its development. The study of the experience and patterns of execution of punishments for juvenile offenders is no exception. The purpose of the study in a broad sense is to identify and analyze the historical experience of the formation and development of penitentiary institutions for the maintenance of convicted adolescents at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In a narrow sense, the main task is to determine the role and place of the Tambov shelter in the matter of re-education and preventive influence on already convicted and potential criminals who have not reached the age of majority.Materials and methods Research. The object of research is determined here by the totality of social relations that took place during the implementation of the activities of the Tambov zemstvo vocational and educational orphanage for juvenile offenders. The basic sources are materials from the collections of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, publications and relevant legal acts. Traditional and new research methods are used to implement the tasks set. Let us name the historical-chronological method as the first ones, and elements of narrative and axiological approaches as the second ones.Results and Discussion. The reasons outlined for the creation of a craft and educational orphanage, its structure; conditions of maintenance, study and pupils’ work. A comparative description of some of the similar institutions operating in other provinces is given. The main administrative and educational means used to achieve the set goals are determined. Estimates of the effectiveness of the work being done are given.Conclusion. The materials of the study testify to the positive consequences of replacing imprisonment for juvenile delinquents by sending them to correctional orphanages and colonies. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the main provisions and conclusions made in the study can be used both in local history work and in the formation of modern criteria for the activities of juvenile justice.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):942-954
942-954
Organization of escapes from detention facility in the Tambov governorate at the beginning of the 20th century
Abstract
Importance. The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the scientific study of the effectiveness of the ongoing penitentiary policy at the beginning of the 20th century in Tsarist Russia and Russia during the Civil War.Materials and methods. The historical and systemic approach made it possible to consider the penitentiary policy of the “two Russias” at the beginning of the 20th century and to trace the effectiveness in the fight against escapes from detention facility. The statistical method showed the number of escapes from detention facility in Tsarist Russia and in forced labor camps during the Civil War. The use of the comparative historical method showed the level of organization of places of detention of different historical eras.Results and Discussion. The statistics and scale of escapes from detention facility in the Tambov governorate at the beginning of the 20th century are studied. The level of organization of detention facility is studied, taking into account the factor of revolutionary events, the Civil War and the peasant uprising in the Tambov governorate. A comparative analysis of the number of prisoner escapes from detention facility in Tsarist Russia and detention facility in Soviet Russia is carried out on the example of the Tambov governorate.Conclusion. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the local history study of the penitentiary systems of two eras in Russia with the aim of further compiling a generalized work on a given topic.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):955-962
955-962
Peasant cooperatives of the Tambov governorate in the first half of the 1920s
Abstract
Importance. The focus is on peasant cooperation that is determined by the role of small peasant production in the agriculture of the region under study. Consideration of cooperatives as the most unique phenomenon in Russia and the most common economic models is deyermined by the relevance of modern social production and consumption.Materials and methods. The study used published and unpublished sources. Along with general scientific methods, this study widely used a quantitative method for analyzing quantitative indicators and constructing numerical characteristics of phenomena and processes.Results and Discussion. The position of the Tambov peasant cooperatives during the transition to the new economic policy is shown. The main types and tendencies of its development, features of the organization and directions of activity are determined. The mechanisms of interference of party bodies in the economic activity of the cooperatives are revealed.Conclusion. In the Tambov governorate, the agricultural cooperation was the economic organization that provided considerable support to the peasantry. In the early 1920s there was a slow and difficult process of restoring of the main types of peasant cooperatives in the Tambov province. Along with the improvement of the work of the cooperatives, there was an intensification of the interference of Party organs in its work, in its long-term planning and operational activities.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):963-974
963-974
The German propaganda system in the occupied Soviet territory: structure, forms, methods, content and effectiveness of activities (on the example of the General District Belarus)
Abstract
Importance. The interest in the research is due to the political events and processes taking place in the post-Soviet area. Russia is responding to military-technological and moral-ideological challenges. At the same time, the western information war launched against Russia axiologically, semantically has many analogies with the content of German propaganda in the occupied Soviet territory during the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of the research is to determine the order of organization, forms, methods and content, principles and effectiveness of the activities of propaganda bodies.Materials and methods. The materials of the General District Belarus, the chronological framework of the research – 1941–1944 are considered. Historical documents of the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus (NARB) were used. The latter are normative acts of the German civil administration of the General District Belarus, as well as materials of Nazi propaganda.The results of the research are of practical importance: they can be used in the educational and educational process in institutions of higher professional education.Conclusion. The propaganda activity of the German authorities on the Belarusian territory had a number of distinctive features. The ideological impact on the local population had the character of a well-organized work, which was built by analogy with the propaganda system of Nazi Germany. The propaganda was carried out taking into account the psychological and cultural-historical characteristics of the local population. In general, propaganda was assigned the role of a preventive tool in ensuring a calm rear and in fulfilling the economic and political tasks of the German Reich in the occupied territories.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):987-999
987-999
The concept of a “new march” in the official interpretation of the history of the Communist Party of China
Abstract
Importance. The paper analyzes the concept of “new march” of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Recently, this phrase has been often mentioned in the speeches of leaders of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and has been actively promoted by party propaganda. The purpose of the research is to trace the development process of the expression “new march” in the ideological field of the PRC and to determine the key meaning of the concept.Materials and methods. To achieve the purpose, the speeches of PRC’s leaders in 1996, 2006 and 2016 on the occasion of the round anniversary of the end of the Long March of 1934–1936, which is associated with the ideology of the “new march”, are analyzed. With the qualitative and quantitative content analysis, common and special points for the three texts are highlighted. It is shown how the concept of the “new Long March” was filled with content. The origin of the term “new march” in official sources is also traced and the ideas that party theorists associate with this expression are highlighted.Result and Discussion. It’s finds out that the ideologeme mainly shifts focus from achievements of previous period of the country’s development to future successes of socialist construction in the “New Era” proclaimed by the current General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping.Conclusion. Emergence of the “new march” concept is indicative of some changes in how the CPC positions itself in Chinese history. Influence of this transformation on PRC’s ideology as a whole is subject to further research.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):1000-1009
1000-1009
Historicity of European Union foreign policy: historical and cultural conditions over national subjectivity
Abstract
Importance. Unlike national subjectivity, European foreign policy is quite historical, that is, it is not mythologized and has a chronologically distinct beginning. How then is the continuity inherent in subjectivity achieved if supranational foreign policy can be represented as a series of discrete solutions? Based on the fact that any foreign policy is a locus of cultural relations, the historical and cultural conditions of European subjectivity were examined on the example of European cinema.Materials and methods. A cultural method of historical research was formulated; materials were selected that seamlessly relate to the European tradition of cinema.Results and Discussion. Some conditions of supranational subjectivity were highlighted – first of all, it is a transformative experience associated with war.Conclusion. Cinema shows what European foreign policy is made of in addition to discrete solutions – ideas and traditions cannot show this, whereas modern cultural forms allow it to reveal the location of supranational subjectivity in the historical and cultural dynamics of the 20th century.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):1010-1023
1010-1023
Transformation of the Security Policy of the State of Israel: new trends against the background of traditional priorities
Abstract
Importance. The article discusses the development of the national security course of the State of Israel in the period 2021–2023. This issue is of particular interest due to the existence of two trends in the security sector: its transformation on the o e hand and continuity on the other.Research methods. The study is based on the defense of historicism, objectivity and systemic ownership. Along with general scientific methods, such as analysis and comparison, historical-comparative, retrospective, synchronous methods, as well as the method of critical geopolitics, are used.Result and Discussion. It is noted that during the tenures of Prime Ministers N. Bennett and J. Lapid, there is a further development of “the Iron Dome” missile defense system and the laser weapons’ development to strengthen this system. Several operations are carried out, the purpose of which is to prevent the technical and offensive development of the opponents of the State of Israel in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. In military operations, the emphasis is on the remote destruction of military installations in the depths of Palestinian territory and the prevention of militant access to Israel territory through underground tunnels, which in fact is a new trend. With the return of B. Netanyahu to the post of Prime Minister of the country in the end of 2022, there is a commitment to this military strategy, as evidenced by the continuation of Operation Breakwater. At the same time, B. Netanyahu is pursuing a policy of strengthening the strategic advantage of the State of Israel in the direction of the Gaza Strip, where Israel’s advantages are gradually leveled.Conclusion. It is noted that in the period 2021–2022 the military strategy of the state developed largely in line with and on the basis of the groundwork that is created by B. Netanyahu during his previous term as prime minister. At the same time, the old security doctrine is changed in orde to prevent the technological development of the enemy and maintain the strategic advantage of the State of Israel. A general conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the adopted strategy and its long-term nature.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(4):1024-1036
1024-1036