Vol 28, No 2 (2023)
- Year: 2023
- Published: 06.06.2023
- Articles: 24
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/1810-0201/issue/view/19727
Full Issue
Articles
Development of student’s social intelligence based on the development of emotional flexibility and empathy
Abstract
Importance. Within the framework of modern education reform, the training of an education specialist with a set of personal qualities formed on the basis of social intelligence acquires a special sound. However, the issue of scientific and methodological support for the development of this personality trait within the modern space of the university is ambiguous and far from its scientific solution and practical implementation in practice.The purpose of the research is to study the conditions for the formation of social intelligence, to discover the mechanisms of its relationship with the empathy of students of pedagogical training areas.Research methods. The following methods were used: content analysis of scientific literature on the topic of research, generalization, systematization, structuring of information, methods of psychodiagnostics, methods of mathematical statistics (correlation analysis).Results and Discussion. The relationship between social intelligence, emotional flexibility and the ability to understand and manage the emotions of respondents is revealed. In addition, one of the research tasks was to establish the connection of social intelligence with the level of empathy development. It should be noted that the majority of respondents have average and low indicators of emotional intelligence, which indicates an insufficient formation of personal qualities that affect self-motivation to any activity. Moreover, this circumstance affects the ability to recognize the emotions of other people. According to some scales, for example, “Managing one’s own emotions”, low results were revealed, so the inability and incorrect expression of one’s own emotions significantly complicates communication processes among students. High indicators of the “Moral normativity” scale indicate a competent self-assessment of social roles, a high orientation towards compliance with the norms of behavior at the university and in society as a whole. A correlation was found between empathy and emotional intelligence, adaptive potential and penetrating abilities in empathy, which can be used in the process of training of a specialist in the field of education.Conclusion. Practical application of the obtained results is possible for the development of psychological and pedagogical conditions and technologies for the development of social intelligence of students in the field of educational activity.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):235-246
235-246
Pedagogical possibilities of educational cooperation in the development of divergent thought of students
Abstract
Importance. Within the framework of the competence approach, the higher school faces the task of training specialists with non-standard, versioned, multivariate thinking, called divergent. However, the scientific and methodic support for the development of this type of thinking in the conditions of vocational training at the university has not been developed enough. Therefore, in order to determine the pedagogical conditions necessary for the development of the above-mentioned phenomenon and the development of technology for its development in the process of educational cooperation, it is necessary to determine the potential of educational cooperation available for the development of divergent thinking of university students.The purpose of the research is to study educational cooperation and its types to substantiate the possibilities of its use in the context of the development of divergent thinking of university students.Research methods. The content analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, generalization, systematization, structuring of information, the method of logical and semantic modeling are applied.Results and Discussion. Antagonistic factors influencing the development of divergent thinking of students (cooperation-competition, activity-passivity, motivation-demotivation) are identified and described. The analysis of the specifics of educational cooperation is carried out. A logical and semantic model of the typology of educational cooperation has been developed, reflecting the variety of forms and methods of organizing joint activities of interaction participants and the possibility of combining them. Based on the developed typology, the possibilities of educational cooperation for the development of divergent thinking of university students are considered.Conclusion. Educational cooperation contributes to the development of such basic characteristics of divergent thinking as flexibility, non-standard, variability, as well as abilities that ensure divergent productivity. Practical application of the obtained results is possible for the development of pedagogical conditions and technology for the development of divergent thinking of students in the process of educational cooperation.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):247-257
247-257
Professional test as a tool of career guidance work
Abstract
Importance. Career guidance is one of the leading areas of activity in modern universities for a number of reasons. Firstly, it is related to ensuring the recruitment of a contingent of students. Secondly, universities are the leading actors providing conscious self-determination of pupil, uniting all interested parties (parents, schools, employers), are the central link in the chain “school– university–employer”.Research methods. Based on the theoretical analysis of special literature, systematization of relevant practices of career guidance work with pupil, as well as the experience of Derzhavin Tambov State University on professional self-determination of schoolchildren, the main problem areas in career guidance interaction “school–university–employer” are identified.Results and Discussion. The identified problem areas of career guidance work that universities have to solve include the following: the unification of all stakeholders (schools, parents, employers, public authorities, etc.); the systematization of career guidance interaction with schools; the development of the actual content of career guidance work; the definition of the most effective formats for the implementation of career guidance development and implementation of measures for early career guidance (for example, the formats “children’s university”, “university of discoveries”, etc.).Conclusion. An effective format of career guidance work is a professional test. This is a practiceoriented format that allows you to model a specific type of professional activity, as a result of which students get acquainted with the professional sphere, and then make an informed choice of the professional sphere. Since 2016 at Derzhavin Tambov State University is offered more than 30 professional trial programs that provide an opportunity to get acquainted with the areas of training and specialties implemented at the university (“Lawyer in state bodies”, “Teacher”, “Know yourself and others”, “Modern PR man”, “Military scouting”, etc.).
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):258-266
258-266
Model of bullying prevention among younger schoolchildren in educational environment of general education organization
Abstract
Importance. The weakening of the educational and socializing potential of the family and school, the violation of social control mechanisms in society, the influence of uncontrolled information flows lead to a decrease in the spiritual and moral orientations of the younger generation and the manifestation of immorality, permissiveness, violence and aggression. All this contributes to the growth of the number of children at risk and the emergence of such a phenomenon as “bullying”.The purpose of the research is to develop a process model of bullying prevention among younger schoolchildren in the educational environment of a general education organization, which will help to neutralize the emerging negative consequences manifested in severe psychological trauma and disharmony of the holistic development of younger schoolchildren.Research methods. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, approaches and concepts on the problem of bullying prevention among primary school children, the study of fundamental legal documents in the field of education and social sphere, as well as modeling, the factors of bullying among schoolchildren are identified and their characteristics are given; a model of bullying prevention among primary school children and pedagogical conditions for its implementation are revealed.Results and Discussion. A process model of bullying prevention among younger schoolchildren is constructed and the stages of its implementation in the educational environment of a general education organization are substantiated.Conclusion. Prevention of bullying among primary school children should be based on the developed model and a set of measures to prevent the occurrence of violence in the school community from the perspective of purposeful organization of constructive interpersonal relationships and productive implementation of joint activities of students in the educational environment of a general education organization.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):267-275
267-275
ChatGPT in students’ research: to forbid or to teach?
Abstract
Importance. ChatGPT, developed on the basis of artificial intelligence technologies, is able to significantly change the scientific research activity of scientists and students, performing for them some routine work on searching and processing literary sources and other data, as well as compiling research texts. At the same time, the integration of ChatGPT into education and science causes heated discussions in the academic environment.The purpose of the research is a) to review studies on the use of chatbots in general and ChatGPT in particular in research work, b) to conduct an empirical study to test the ability of ChatGPT to compose research texts and describe the results of the analysis of the data obtained; c) to identify and discuss key issues related to the effectiveness of using ChatGPT in students’ research work.Materials and methods. The empirical study was conducted at Derzhavin Tambov State University and included interaction with ChatGPT in order to compile on its basis fragments of research work consisting of the relevance of the topic, a literature review (definitions of concepts and positions known in a particular field of knowledge), analysis of search results, selection of bibliography. The experimental work was carried out on the material of the methods of teaching foreign languages.Results and Discussion. ChatGPT has proven its worth in solving only a few research tasks in accordance with user requests (to formulate the relevance of the work, to give definitions of concepts proposed by different authors and descriptions of established constructs, to analyze and summarize data results, to generate new data, to compile a bibliographic list). The volume of reviews and the depth of their content turned out to be of more satisfactory and unsatisfactory quality. In addition, in cases of lack of the necessary information to solve the task, ChatGPT resorted to falsifying data and generating non-existent information.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of search query data, the authors identify a list of key issues and problems, the solution of which will contribute to a more effective use of ChatGPT in the research work of young scientists and students. Such issues include the following: a) the quality of the materials provided by ChatGPT at the user’s request; b) the availability of ChatGPT and other analog programs; c) the ability and capabilities of ChatGPT to provide certain materials and perform some analytical functions; d) the contextuality of a series of requests; e) the combination of traditional intellectual work of a person with work based on ChatGPT; f) the author’s ethics of writing research texts; g) the inability of ChatGPT to adapt the results of search queries to the user’s level of language proficiency; h) the educational aspect of creating ChatGPT research texts; i) the price of the question (or to what time and labor-intensive costs lead the using of ChatGPT in research work); j) the competence of the user in the professional field when using ChatGPT.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):276-301
276-301
Teaching foreign language writing skills in the digital environment of the university
Abstract
Importance. In the competence-activity paradigm of language education, priority is given to the development and formation of foreign-language productive written-speech skills and language skills of students, contributing to the creation of written texts of academic, scientific and professionally-oriented genres. Many researchers and teachers point out a number of difficulties and problems they face when teaching writing: lack of motivation among students, lack of coordination of language and lexical skills, critical, analytical and creative thinking skills; unwillingness to read and analyze authentic texts, lack of skills in using open reference materials and online dictionaries, text editors, etc.The purpose of the study is to develop an effective methods for integrating digital technologies and open educational resources into traditional approaches of teaching students of language universities to write various genres.Research methods. It is possible to overcome the above problems by relying on traditional and digital methods of teaching writing and speech skills, subsequently integrating digital technologies and open educational and reference resources into the learning process, using group, interactive forms of learning, as well as mutual and self-assessment.Research results. The stages of formation of the digital educational environment, which is one of the conditions for successful digitalization of the process of teaching foreign languages, are analyzed. Several stages of integration of digital technologies and open educational resources in the process of learning are highlighted: the stages of replacement, reinforcement, modification, transformation. The traditional and innovative approaches to teaching writing and speech skills existing in domestic and foreign methods are considered, the classification of applications and digital platforms most frequently used by teachers of foreign languages depending on the stage of teaching writing is carried out, the didactic properties and functions of these applications and platforms contributing to the qualitative modification and transformation of the process of teaching writing at the university are analyzed.Conclusions. Didactic properties and functions used in the learning process of applications, platforms and open educational resources contribute to: optimization of the entire process of developing the skills of creating written texts of any genre and style from conception to implementation, the formation of lexical, grammatical, spelling skills through their development and consolidation with the help of testing and voting applications for development; effective organization of independent students’ work, providing online access to the created text at any time; to increase motivation through the use of multimodal materials, open educational and reference resources, corpus data and concordances of foreign languages; the development of information and communication competence and soft skills of the 21st century among students.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):302-316
302-316
Implementation of socially oriented educational goal in foreign language class at university
Abstract
Importance. Social orientation of upbringingis aimed at preparing students for socialization, which is seen as the process of a person’s entering the social environment and adaptation to cultural, psychological and, especially, sociological factors that are not sufficiently considered in pedagogical literature. The goal of the article is to study practical examples of the socially oriented upbringing goal implementation with the examples of the content aspects in an authentic English textbook Language Leader Intermediate.Research methods. Drawing on the theoretical analysis of scientific literature and systematization of existing humanistic upbringing concepts, the pedagogical and methodological conditions for realization of the social upbringing aspect in teaching a foreign language at the university are identified and substantiated.Results and Discussion. It was revealed that the formulation of the educational goal and its implementation in a foreign language classroom causes difficulties for many students of a pedagogical profile. The social significance of the following topics is considered: personality, travel, work, endangered languages, advertising, business, design, education, technology, trends, art and mass media, crime. Specific learning tasks are proposed for classroom and independent work of students, using the resources of the Internet, to discuss social content in the formats of presentations, essays, dialogues, debates. The textbook is thus expanded due to creative tasks performed by students, focusing on such aspects of modern civil society as selflessness of volunteers, social consequences of technocracy, ethical dilemmas of business, inclusive education, environmental problems, social advertising, respect for cultural phenomena, boundaries of humanity and tolerance in relation to criminals, etc.Conclusion. The implementation of a socially oriented educational goal in a foreign language class at a university should be carried out by emphasizing the essential meaningful links between the topics of the studied foreign language manual Language Leader Intermediate and the problems existing in contemporary society. The students’ value orientations being formed are associated with a deeper insight into the essence of social problems, the development of their civic consciousness.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):317-333
317-333
Analysis of the Correlation between Translation Graduation Projects and the Market Demand
Abstract
Problem Statement. This study contains a statistical analysis of the translation market by translation type and domain and the distribution of translation student graduation project subjects.The purpose of this study is to improve the translation teaching quality through a better match between the graduation project subjects and the translation market demand.Materials and Methods. The authors reviewed the demand statistics for the Russian, EU, and US translation markets. We also collected a large database of translation graduation projects defended in Russian universities in 2018–2020. The series contains 245 projects. It covers 8 % of the relevant universities, which makes it representative with a 20 % confidence interval and 85 % confidence probability. The subjects of the graduation projects were divided into the following domains: audiovisual translation; theoretical linguistics; game and software localization; medical translation; research and technical translation; political journalism; advertising; interpretation; fiction; legal translation.Results and Discussion. It was found that the university-level translator training does not match the actual market demand. The maximum discrepancies were found in the following categories: “fiction” (21.66 % excess), “research and technical translation” (20.08 % deficiency), and “political journalism” (16.32 % excess). In addition, we analyzed the subjects of 138 graduation papers submitted to the Translator Creativity and Education International Contest in 2022. The lack of positive dynamics was found: the share of fiction reached 34.06% while the research and technical translation category reduced to just 11.59 %.Conclusions. The following corrective measures are proposed: harmonization of the graduation paper subjects with the market demand, engaging practicing translators as instructors, internships with LSPs, personalized learning paths, and interdepartmental projects.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):334-346
334-346
The development of educational autonomy in the conditions of group work on the author’s electronic manual on a remote educational platform
Abstract
Importance. Learning autonomy should be developed for a number of reasons. Firstly, educational technologies paved the way for students’ independent cognitive activities. The second reason is the paradigm shift brought about by social and political changes: nowadays students are more focused on their own educational progress than on teamwork aimed at helping their peers. Thirdly, since groups of learners are getting bigger, students do not get enough practice in class, so they need to learn to work autonomously so that they can follow the syllabus.The objective of the study is to develop the students’ skills of learning autonomy as well as foreign-language communicative skills by organizing teamwork on an online platform.Materials and methods. The subjects of the experiment were 70 freshmen and sophomores majoring in linguistics from Peter the Great Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether teamwork is conducive to the development of students’ learning autonomy and whether their collaboration on a distance learning platform contributes to acquiring foreign-language speaking skills.Results and Discussion. In the exposure groups, where the students did their home assignment in small teams on a distance learning platform, the scores for the final conversational task were better than those in the reference groups, where the students working on a distance learning platform were not divided into teams, and where the teacher helped the whole group do their home assignment. On top of that, the levels of learning autonomy in the exposure groups were higher than those in the reference groups.Conclusion. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that we used a number of existing academic papers to develop the assessment criteria for linguistic majors’ foreign-language conversational skills. In addition, we designed a questionnaire for assessing the level of learning autonomy. The experiment allowed us to establish that teamwork is the best way to organize foreign-language practice on an online platform because each student has more time to develop conversational skills and to learn to work autonomously than in an EFL class where the teacher works with the whole group.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):347-361
347-361
Task system design for teaching a foreign language using information and communication technologies
Abstract
Importance. Modern educational tools bring changes to the structure of the foreign language course, revealing in a different way the ways of creating educational tasks and monitoring their implementation. However, the list of information and communication technologies is difficult to define because of the diversity.The purpose of the study is to identify the interdependence between information and communication technologies teaching tools and the system of exercises for teaching a foreign language.Materials and methods. The object of the study was the use of information and communication technologies for the design of the educational process. The research methods used were the analysis of the relevant methodological literature and the generalization of pedagogical experience in the use of information and communication technologies for teaching foreign languages. The proposed typology includes three main classes of exercises, which, in turn, are further divided into types: a class of language exercises (phonetic, lexical, grammatical), a class of conditional speech (reading, writing, listening, speaking) and a class of speech (cognitive, communicative, cultural). Each of these types was considered from the standpoint of the possibility of integrating digital learning tools.Results and Discussion. The way of presentation of educational materials introduces new qualities of the educational process. Among them are: more opportunities for the organization of phonetic tasks due to the availability of multimedia files, synchronous moderation of the process of creating a written text, an increase in the ways of contextualization of conditional speech and speech activity, increased ergonomics of the coordination of learning subjects.Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to create a system of exercises in a digital environment. Further research can be directed to the development of specific typologies, differentiated by the information and communication technologies means used in them.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):362-376
362-376
Features of translating war film titles from English to Russian
Abstract
Importance. The features of the translation of war film titles from English into Russian are considered. Today there is a problem of adequate translation of film titles from English into Russian. Due to the different characteristics of the source language and the target language, as well as the cultural characteristics of all ethnic groups, the translation of a military-themed film from one language to another is not just a translation, but a recreation of the military reality of foreign armed forces. To do this, the translator must have the necessary background knowledge that will allow him to correctly recreate this reality. Special attention should be paid to the translation of titles that not only reflect the content of the film in a succinct form, but are also one of the first factors that potential viewers pay attention to.The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the translation of the names of war films and to determine how the translator can most adequately convey the meaning of the original title.Materials and methods. The war film titles in English and their translations into Russian are analyzed. A selection of the most interesting and problematic of war film titles was taken. Based on this sample, a classification of the types of translation of war films was compiled, as well as an analysis regarding this classification was carried out. The most frequent errors in the translation of war films were also identified.Results and Discussion. It is revealed that the translator, in addition to understanding the context of the film, must have the necessary background knowledge to adequately translate the title taking into account military realities. It was also revealed that some titles of military films cannot be translated literally, and require a creative approach of the translator.Conclusion. A number of recommendations are proposed for translators that can help more accurately convey the meaning of the original title. The described features of translating the war film titles in English into Russian can be useful not only for translators, but also for a wide range of readers and viewers. The recommendations formulated on the basis of the research results can help translators and localizers to more accurately convey the meaning of the war film titles into Russian.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):377-385
377-385
Chatbot technology as a means of forming foreign language grammatical competence in self-study
Abstract
Importance. The necessity for greater personalization of learning is a significant feature of foreign language teaching for an adult audience. This need is due to the individual experience of adult learners, narrower learning needs and limited time resources. One of the ways to build individual trajectories is the technology of an automated chatbot, which can be implemented on the basis of the Telegram messenger.The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of this method for the development of the grammatical competence of adult learners.Materials and methods. Experimental methods were used with statistical processing of quantitative data, as well as questionnaires to collect qualitative data. The material of the study was the answers of the study participants, collected as part of the introductory and exit testing of grammatical skills in self-study.Results and Discussion. The bot was tested on a group of 29 A2-B1 students who scored an average of 61,11 % correct on the pretest. After three weeks of using the bot, the average percentage of correct answers on the post-test of the group reached 72,22 %. The results were statistically significant (p = 0,003) and confirmed the effectiveness of the bot as a tool for improving grammatical competence.Conclusion. The use of a chatbot has shown to be effective in developing the grammatical competence of adult learners. The data obtained can serve as a basis for the further development of similar tools aimed at developing a wider range of skills and abilities – lexical competence, listening or reading.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):386-394
386-394
Psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of students’ collocational competence based on corpora
Abstract
Importance. The development of linguistic students’ collocational competence is one of the main goals of foreign language teaching at a university. Corpora is one of the modern digital technologies that can be used to achieve this goal. However, there are a number of problems in the methods of collocational competence development based on corpora, the consideration of which will affect the effectiveness of the implementation of these teaching methods. The purpose of the study is to determine the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the effective collocational competence development based on corpora.Research methods. On the basis of a theoretical analysis of the scientific and methodic literature and systematization of the conceptual approaches of researchers, psychological and pedagogical conditions were identified, with the help of a comparative analysis and synthesis of empirical data, the effectiveness of taking into account psychological and pedagogical conditions for the collocational competence development based on corpora was theoretically substantiated.Results and Discussion. Psychological and pedagogical conditions for collocational competence development based on corpora are identified and substantiated, which must be taken into account when developing a methods for teaching collocations. These conditions include: a) motivation of students to develop collocation competence based on corpora; b) the development of information and communication technologies competence of a foreign language teacher; c) students’ foreign language proficiency at level B1; d) adherence to the identified stages of project activities.Conclusions. The collocational competence development based on corpora should be carried out while following the entire complex of identified psychological and pedagogical conditions. The results obtained can be used to improve the effectiveness of collocation teaching methods based on corpora.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):395-404
395-404
Features of training written internet-communication in a non-linguistic university
Abstract
Importance. An important problem of using written digital texts as a means of teaching professional written communication in a non-linguistic university is posed. The purpose of the research is to show how modern digital technologies can effectively organize educational activities in the subject-language training of written communication of future specialists in the field of international business.Research methods. The following research methods were used: general theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization, specification, functional method) and practical (description, observation, surveys, conversations, statistical analysis method).Results and Discussion. Using internet-resources (news sites, professional online magazines), various tasks are offered that contribute to the formation of effective written communication skills. On the basis of step-by-step activity, the development of discursive skills in the professional sphere takes place, the formation of skills for critical comprehension of processed information, the ability to create a secondary written text.Conclusion. Teaching students to work with digital text is one of the priority tasks of professional foreign language training of a specialist today. Successful mastering of written internetcommunication allows students, working with digital resources, to form skills of diversification of the orientation of the profession, its movement towards the development of new digital practices.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):405-414
405-414
A complex of problematic foreign language tasks aimed at professional orientation of students of secondary vocational education
Abstract
Importance. The development of secondary vocational education is the main feature of the education system today. Now graduates of schools after the 9th grade prefer to study under the programs of secondary vocational education for the purpose of subsequent admission to the university. In this connection, there is a need for professional oriented training, which can be implemented in foreign language lessons through an integrated approach (subject-language integrated learning).The purpose of the study is to develop a set of problematic foreign language tasks aimed at professional orientation of students of secondary vocational education.Materials and methods. The developed complex of problematic foreign language tasks of a professional oriented nature for students in the secondary vocational education system is based on works on integrated teaching of foreign languages, professional orientation teaching of a foreign language, various typologies of foreign language tasks. In our study, the typology of E.I. Passes exercises is taken as a basis, which consists of conditional speech and speech tasks. The research method was theoretical analysis of literature in the field of foreign language teaching methods, processing of the received material and its synthesis.Results and Discussion. For the practical implementation of professional oriented training, a set of problematic foreign language tasks aimed at the professional orientation of students of secondary vocational education was developed. The complex of problem tasks consists of conditional speech tasks (on vocabulary, phonetics, grammar and translation) and speech exercises (professionally oriented).Conclusion. The novelty of the conducted research lies in the development of its own complex of problematic foreign language tasks – conditional speech tasks (for vocabulary, grammar, phonetics, exercises in translation) and speech integrated tasks of a professional orientation. This typology of tasks will fully realize the potential of an integrated approach with a professional oriented goal for students in the system of secondary vocational education.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):415-423
415-423
Dynamics of physical fitness of shooters with hearing impairment at the stage of initial training
Abstract
Importance. Russian and foreign statistical sources show a steady increase in the number of children with auditory deprivation, which leads to a constant search for new means of comprehensive care. One of the most effective types is adaptive sports, which has received intensive development in the Russian Federation in recent years. Bullet shooting has become an accessible sports discipline for most people with disabilities, creating conditions for effective integration into society. The training process in general and physical training in particular in persons with hearing impairment requires differentiation of its means and methods depending on the degree of pathology. The subject of the study is the dynamics of physical fitness of shooters with hearing impairment at the stage of initial training. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the method of differentiated physical training of shooters with hearing impairment.Research methods. 4 groups of test athletes with impaired shooting at the stage of initial training, 2 control (the 1st group – deaf, the 2nd group – is hard of hearing) and 2 experimental (the 1st group – deaf, the 2nd group – is hard of hearing). In the process of implementing the methods of differentiated physical training of athletes with hearing impairment engaged in bullet shooting, the dynamics of their physical fitness indicators was monitored before and after its implementation.Result and Discussion. The results of the physical fitness of deaf and hard-of-hearing shooters during the implementation of the methodology are analyzed; differences in the manifestation of a number of abilities between deaf and hard of hearing athletes are revealed. The presented results of the dynamics of physical fitness show the effectiveness of the method of differentiated physical training based on the peculiarities of the manifestation of physical qualities in deaf and hard of hearing athletes in shooting.Conclusion. The presented results of the dynamics of physical fitness, revealed in the experimental groups of deaf and hard of hearing shooters, showed the effectiveness of the method of differentiated physical training based on taking into account the peculiarities of the manifestation of physical qualities in deaf and hard of hearing athletes in shooting.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):424-433
424-433
3D fitness in adaptive physical culture as a method of correction of speech disorders in preschool children
Abstract
Importance. The features of 3D fitness in adaptive physical culture as one of the methods of correction of speech disorders in preschool children are revealed. The purpose of the research is to analyze the possibilities of using 3D fitness in the framework of adaptive physical culture as one of the promising areas of correction of speech disorders in preschool children. A number of tasks were solved: the interrelation of speech and motor skills of preschool children was briefly characterized; the definition of adaptive physical culture and 3D fitness as one of its directions was given; the possibilities of using 3D fitness in order to correct speech disorders in children of preschool age are analyzed.Research methods. Analysis of theoretical and methodic literature, analysis of the experience of practitioners working with preschool children with speech disorders, comparative analysis, as well as the method of generalizations.Results and Discussion. It is revealed that exercises that include separate areas of 3D fitness, for example, exercises with a ball, as well as exercises aimed at the development of fine motor skills in combination with speech exercises, represent a comprehensive approach from the point of view of correcting speech disorders of preschool children.Conclusion. Due to the fact that the need for movement in preschool children is very significant, 3D fitness exercises are usually perceived by children with great enthusiasm, and correction of speech disorders takes place in a playful way.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):434-443
434-443
About the demographic situation in the Tambov region in the Middle Ages
Abstract
Importance. The main source of information about demographic processes that took place in the Middle Ages on the territory of modern Tambov region and adjacent territories is archaeological research. Almost to the present time, the Upper Don region and the Oka-Don plain remained a white spot on the medieval archaeological map. Only in recent decades has the source base been significantly expanded. Monuments of the first half of the first millennium of the new era belonging to the circle of Early Slavic antiquities were identified; studies of the monuments of the Don Slavs, the Old Russian time, the nomadic circle were carried out. The purpose of the study was to identify the directions of settlement of the Oka-Don plain in the Middle Ages, its dynamics, ethnic composition, contacts of the new population with the autochthonous.Materials and methods. The principle of historicism, the comparative typological method and the principle of objectivity. Both general and special methods of historical cognition were used. The dating of archaeological materials and their belonging to a certain ethnic group was determined by studying ceramics and a few individual finds.Results and Discussion. The territory of modern Tambov region, as part of the Oka-Don plain, has always been attractive due to its natural and climatic features not only for nomadic peoples, but also for settled tribes. Due to various factors, such as the Great Migration of peoples, periodic invasions of nomads, the disintegration of individual archaeological cultures, the demographic situation in the Middle Ages was extremely unstable. Residents of many settlements were forced to change their place of residence, or try to coexist with nomads.Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn about the diversity of ethnic groups in the Tambov region due to the presence of cultural finds, remnants of dwellings, burials in places of existence of various cultures. The novelty of the conducted research lies in the chronological systematization of the stages of life and activity of the peoples who lived in the first millennium on the territory of the modern Tambov region. Their ancestral and cultural ties, lifestyle and territorial movements for various reasons have become objects of study using archaeological methods, which has allowed us to expand our knowledge of the ancient history of the region. Further attention to the famous monuments and the discovery of new ones on the territory of the Oka-Don plain will allow us to study in more detail the demographic situation in the Middle Ages in this territory.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):444-461
444-461
Models and forms of agricultural production and economic transformations of the Russian countryside (16th – first third of the 20th century)
Abstract
Importance. The issues of the evolution of various models and forms of agricultural production in 16th – first third of 20th century in Russia are topical issues. Special attention is paid to the study of such aspects as cooperative beginnings in the countryside, Soviet agrarian transformations and the development of the collective-state-farm system.Materials and Methods. Published sources and materials from a number of archives were involved. General scientific methods and a number of other approaches were used, including an interdisciplinary approach, a modeling method.Results and Discussion. The possibility of studying the process of transformation in the village through the prism of agrarian models and forms is highlighted. The study of the system of socioeconomic relations in the countryside in the context of ongoing transformations in the countryside.Conclusion. It is concluded that changes in the models and forms of agricultural production were formed by the authorities under the influence of external and internal challenges. Well-thoughtout, well-prepared reforms had a positive impact on the activities of individual participants in agrarian relations, as well as in the political and economic spheres of the life of the state as a whole. Successful agrarian reforms led to an increase in labor productivity and an improvement in the quality of life in the countryside. Collectivization destroyed many traditional foundations, turning peasants into rural proletarians.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):462-471
462-471
Activity of a member of the Tambov Governorate Zemstvo Board A.D. Bryukhatov (1898–1904) in the context of the formation of civil society in Russia
Abstract
Importance. The history of zemstvo autonomy in the all Russian plan has been studied extensively. The contribution to the history of prominent representatives of the zemstvo has been studied much less on local, in particular, Tambov material. The purpose of the study is to examine the views of the Zemstvo radical intelligentsia in the context of the formation of civil society in Russia using the example of Lev Dmitrievich Bryukhatov, a member of the Tambov Governorate Zemstvo Board.Research methods. Based on the theoretical analysis of the documentation of the Tambov Governorate Zemstvo, an objective assessment of the socio-political activities of a member of the board L.D. Bryukhatov is given.Results and Discussion. The struggle of Lev Dmitrievich for the unification of zemstvos on a national scale and the expansion of the rights of zemstvo institutions, their democratization is analyzed. His activity in defending freedom of speech and publicity, as well as the protection of zemstvo rights, is shown. Special attention is paid to the efforts of a member of the Tambov Governorate Zemstvo Board to increase the zemstvo representation in local institutions.Conclusion. In general, the example of L.D. Bryukhatov showed the evolution of the views of the zemstvo radical intelligentsia from calls for the protection and expansion of the rights of zemstvo institutions to the recognition of the right of the zemstvos to address issues of national importance.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):472-479
472-479
Railways of Soviet Russia as an object of law enforcement activity during the Civil War
Abstract
Importance. The research of ways to ensure law and order at critical stages of history contributes to the development of the most effective mechanisms for organizing the activities of modern territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. At the same time, consideration of the functioning of special units and organizations for the protection of railway transport requires clarification of the boundaries of areas of responsibility. At railway transport facilities, such areas of responsibility run along railway lines. The purpose of the research is to determine the railway lines controlled by the Soviet government in the first years of its formation.Research methods. The principle of historicism, along with a concrete historical approach, made it possible to analyze the positions of the leaders of the Soviet state in terms of organizing the activities of railway transport and ensuring its safety. Based on the principle of consistency, it was possible to identify elements of administrative-territorial division in the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. The use of the cartographic method made it possible to relate the borders of the fronts of the Civil War, and the railway lines actually controlled by the Soviet government.Results and Discussion. On the basis of archival materials, the boundaries of railway lines passing through the territories of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic controlled by the Soviet government in the first years of its formation were clarified. As a result of the research, the possible territorial boundaries of the activities of special units and services of the Soviet government to ensure law and order are determined.Conclusion. As a result of the Civil War, the actual boundaries of the influence of the Soviet government passed along the front lines and were mobile. The obtained information about the railways controlled by the Soviet government makes it possible to identify railway lines as objects of law enforcement activity. The results of the research expand approaches to the study of the formation of Soviet nation-building in 1917–1922.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):480-490
480-490
Participation of the Tambov governorate militia in the fight against peasant insurrection. 1918–1922
Abstract
Importance. The scientific problem is to study the activities of the Tambov governorate militia of the period 1918–1922 as a repressive body of the Soviet management system. The purpose of the research is to analyze the participation of county police departments in the suppression of peasant protest during the Civil War.Materials and methods. The activity of the governorate militia during the Civil War was studied through a historical and systematic approach, which made it possible to consider the studied object as an integral part of the Soviet management system. The analysis of the participation of rural policemen in the fight against peasant protest is carried out through the prism of the generation of the “revolutionary turning point”.Results and Discussion. Based on the content of the reports of rural policemen, the causes of peasant discontent, as well as the course of village “rebellions”, were clarified. The forms and nature of the measures used by the governorate militia to counteract the anti-government protests of rural residents have been established. The facts of official crimes and even treason of Tambov policemen were revealed by studying the sentences of the revolutionary military tribunal. It is concluded that during the Tambov uprising of 1920–1921 detachments of the governorate militia, along with units of the Red Army, were involved in the implementation of repressive measures and punitive operations in “rebellious” villages.Conclusion. The practical significance of the work lies in the use of its results to study the role of the “generation of the revolutionary turning point” in the events of the Civil War. The prospects of the study are seen in the establishment of “hidden” forms of peasant protest during the period of the new economic policy and the role of the governorate militia in countering them.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):491-500
491-500
Restructuring of the UNKVD work in the Kursk Region on the eve of German occupation
Abstract
Importance. Interest in the events of the Great Patriotic War is reinforced both by the complexity and inconsistency of modern processes taking place in Russia and the world, and by the insufficient degree of study of certain topics of this historical period in the country’s modern history. Topics related to the activities of the state security agencies of the USSR are traditionally not studied in detail in historical science.The purpose of study is to reconstruct the historical events that preceded the invasion of German troops into the territory of the Kursk Region, one of the largest regions of the Central Black Earth Region.Research methods. The study is based on declassified archival materials of the Directorate of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation for the Kursk Region. The materials of the fourth department of the NKVD in the Kursk Region for May–December 1941 are studied.Results and Discussion. The German aggression against the USSR put before the state and party bodies, both in the whole country as a whole, and at the regional level, the need to restructure all spheres of the country’s life. The features and directions of restructuring the activities of territorial bodies of state security, regional and district party and state bodies on the eve of the German invasion of the territory of the region are studied. Specific measures are considered that were carried out and planned for implementation as the German troops approached the borders of the Kursk Region. Considerable attention is paid to the creation of fighter battalions, the organization of partisan detachments, the deployment of a reconnaissance, agent and sabotage network in the rear of the German troops as they move towards the Kursk Region.Conclusion. As subsequent events showed, the preparatory measures played a big role in organizing a fairly effective resistance to the German occupation regime in almost all areas of the Kursk Region throughout the entire period of the German occupation of the Kursk region in November 1941 – August 1943.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):501-510
501-510
Mass media influence in Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment
Abstract
Importance. Nowadays, the mass media are an important tool of the political process, influencing the formation of political preferences of citizens, as well as playing the role of coordinator of information flows.The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of the mass media on the impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff in 2016. In Russian historiography, quite little attention is paid to the place of the media in the impeachment process, hence the importance of its study.Materials and methods. The analysis of publications affiliated with the largest Brazilian media concern “Grupo Globo” mass media, as well as influential newspapers “Folha de São Paulo” and “Estado de São Paulo”, a comparative analysis of political events in Brazil and their assessments in the media.Result and Discussion. It is established that the leading Brazilian mass media regularly published materials about the inefficiency of the authorities’ activities without attempting to objectively assess it: the complex nature of political events and problems in the country was ignored, readers’ opinion was formed about the allegedly universal nature of discontent with the president and the inevitability of impeachment, despite the preservation of Dilma Rousseff’s significant number of supporters.Conclusion. According to the results of the research, it can be noted that the owners of the largest Brazilian media consistently defended their own interests and did not fail to use the opportunity to push the objectionable center-left Workers’ Party from power in order to avoid the risks of economic policy unfavorable to the oligarchy within the country.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2023;28(2):511-520
511-520