Vol 8, No 3 (2025)

this article examines the influence of the year of foundation of medium-sized cities in the Republic of Tatarstan on the demographic stability of their year, based on a study of this dependence, as applied to medium and small cities in the Russian North (V.V. Fauzer, A.V. Smirnov, G.N. Fauzer). As part of the study, the analyzed objects were considered in the years of assigning the status of "city", what their economies were based on in the past, and what they are based on at present. Results: The demographic dynamics for the last 30 years are given for each object. Conclusion: the key factors of demographic stability of the cities in the region are highlighted.

youth public associations act as an effective social lift, allowing young people to adapt to modern challenges and implement their own life strategies. Life strategy is a complex construct that accumulates economic, socio-cultural, psychological and political aspects. Young people always experience serious difficulties in the process of life self-determination due to inadequate self-esteem, social disorientation and lack of independence. Harmonious self-determination of the individual is manifested through skillful balancing between individual needs and social standards. Such a life scenario becomes possible only for young people who have reached a certain level of social competence. The modern trajectory of development of young people is a dynamic, multifaceted construct, in which individual activity, unconventional thinking and the ability to instantly rebuild in the social landscape come to the fore. The new generation consistently transforms social paradigms, replacing established patterns with fundamentally different strategies of self-realization and personal growth.

this article examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in marketing and advertising in Central Asia and Russia. It analyzes global trends and the prospects for the development of these technologies, as well as recent research conducted by companies such as McKinsey & Company, Market Research Future, and RAND Corporation. The article focuses on the main areas where AI is most commonly and effectively used in advertising. It also discusses the features, innovations, and scale of neural network applications in the advertising market of Central Asian countries and Russia. To do so, analytical and synthetic information processing was used. Furthermore, the article examines how the growth of AI use in the advertising industry in Russia influences the development of this sector in Central Asian states. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using artificial intelligence as a marketing and advertising tool were analyzed. A comparative analysis was conducted using the example of advertising campaigns in Kazakhstan and Russia, based on the methodology described in Charles Reagin's work, «The Comparative Method.» The functional role of artificial intelligence in the development of creative advertising campaigns was chosen as the main parameter for comparison. Based on this research, recommendations for the use and implementation of artificial intelligence in the field of advertising can be further developed.

the article discusses issues that correspond to such a specialty from the list of the Higher Attestation Commission as «5.4.7. Sociology of Management (sociological sciences)». The authors of the article addressed the urgent problem of management in social service organizations using the example of a specific regional integrated center. The content and format of management parameters that are aimed at the effective operation of the organization have been studied. The authors analyzed the functions of management structures, considered those methods and techniques that contribute to the provision of effective social assistance to the population of the Bryansk region. The article justifies conducting surveys and interviews for feedback, conducting content analysis in order to identify key factors affecting the effectiveness of the management of a comprehensive social services center, which, in turn, helps, according to the authors, in identifying the needs of the center, developing effective recommendations for improving the work and improving the quality of services provided. In general, the use of research methodology in this context is a key step towards improving the management efficiency and success of an integrated social service center. The authors emphasize that comprehensive social service centers play a key role in maintaining and improving the quality of life of citizens, especially those who need special help and support. Evaluating and improving the effectiveness of such centers is an important aspect of ensuring social well-being in society.

this article considers the importance of citizenship as a key element of professional ethics of civil servants, as well as its impact on the quality of public administration. The main principles and norms that form ethical standards in the field of public service are analyzed. Attention is also paid to the practical aspects of implementing citizenship in the daily activities of civil servants. The purpose of this study is to determine the importance of citizenship as a key element of civil servants and analyze its impact on civil servants. The work identifies the fundamental principles and norms of ethical activity in the field of public service, assesses the role of citizenship in the formation of high standards of professional behavior and develops recommendations for its implementation. Methods: the research methods include a systematic approach, analysis, synthesis and comparative analysis, which allows to substantively consider citizenship as an interdisciplinary and complex phenomenon. Results: citizenship is a set of moral and legal qualities, including responsibility, honesty and service to society, which directly affects the level of citizens' trust in public institutions and the effectiveness of governance. The analysis emphasizes the role of ethical principles, such as transparency, responsibility and active interaction with society, in strengthening the legitimacy of government and reducing corruption risks. Case studies from foreign countries, such as the Nordic countries and Estonia, demonstrate the success of systemic initiatives to introduce citizenship through training, digitalization and citizen participation in governance. The paper emphasizes the importance of systemic measures, such as programmatic training, mentoring and monitoring, to build and reinforce positive professional habits among civil servants. Conclusion: the development of citizenship in public institutions contributes to improving the quality of services, building public trust and reducing corruption, making citizenship a fundamental basis for successful modern public administration.

the article discusses issues that correspond to such a specialty from the list of the Higher Attestation Commission as «5.4.7. Sociology of Management (sociological sciences)». The authors of the article addressed the urgent problem of managing the socio-political processes of society through the image of a political leader. The more charismatic a person with authority is, the more significant their statements have on public opinion, on the social and political spheres of society. A special role in this is played by the linguistic personality of a political leader, understood as a set of linguistic and speech characteristics of a person, manifested in public speeches, in written texts. Vladimir Zhirinovsky is a very vivid linguistic personality, who, it seems, continues to influence public opinion even after his death through recordings of speeches by a politician, texts (articles, books) created by him, therefore it is interesting to trace how the image of a political leader (the original linguistic personality) controls the processes taking place in society. The authors of the article examine the relationship between the attitude of the population towards the political leader and the party he represents; examine the image of the two leaders of the Liberal Democratic Party, V.V. Zhirinovsky and L.E. Slutsky, using the example of public perception, and also conduct a comparative analysis of the activities of the Liberal Democratic Party during the leadership of these politicians. The practical significance of this study is to consider the mechanisms for managing socio-political processes in society in order to avoid manipulating public opinion.

the article attempts to conceptualize the concept of "human potential of the region" based on the analysis of the evolution of scientific ideas about this phenomenon. The research is based on a historical overview of the theories of human capital, human development and related concepts, considering the transformation of views on the role of man in socio-economic progress. The key stages of the development of ideas about human potential are analyzed, starting with an emphasis on education and qualifications, and ending with a broader understanding that includes health, cultural values, social ties, and other factors that determine human capabilities. Various approaches to measuring human potential at the regional level are highlighted and critically evaluated, and attention is focused on the problems of aggregation and interpretation of statistical data. The article offers the author's definition of the human potential of the region, taking into account both the individual characteristics of the inhabitants, as well as the institutional and socio-cultural features of the territory that influence its formation and implementation.

in modern conditions, the functioning of supply chains has been threatened by a variety of factors: disruptions in traffic flows, service failures, unpredictable delays and price fluctuations. This casts doubt on the applicability of traditional management practices that have developed in conditions of relative stability. Based on the theoretical and empirical data obtained, the author makes an assumption about the new characteristics of international supply chains that may develop in the near future. These changes relate to both the general approach to the management and functioning of the chains, as well as specific operational solutions needed to adapt to new realities. The presented study provides a comprehensive analysis of structural changes in the system of global supply chains determined by three interrelated factors: the COVID-19 pandemic, the sanctions policy of Western countries and geopolitical instability. The author considers these phenomena as manifestations of the systemic crisis of globalization processes. The paper identifies key problems, analyzes transformational trends, develops predictive scenarios, and formulates practical recommendations for Russian companies.

the article provides a comparative analysis of the features of depreciation policy in accounting and tax accounting, the economic essence of increasing and decreasing coefficients to depreciation rates. The issues of theoretical justification and practical application of reduced depreciation rates in calculating corporate income tax are investigated. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there is no clear mechanism for changing depreciation methods, including when applying reduced depreciation rates. The importance of the organization's accounting policy for tax purposes is shown when applying appropriate depreciation standards, in particular, taking into account the production and technological characteristics of the activity. An assumption is made about the content of possible tax risks.

at the moment, innovation is the main key to the development of the state economy. Under sanctions, Russia is forced to develop domestic production, find new ways to develop import substitution. The best way to develop import-substituting goods is innovation, which helps not only to develop the domestic market, but also to produce competitive goods for foreign markets. To accelerate the process of innovation development, the involvement of the state, which will create preferential conditions for innovative companies, is necessary. In this article, the author considers the mechanisms for supporting innovation under sanctions. International sanctions have a significant impact on the Russian economy, highlight the causes and consequences of this policy. In this regard, Russia aims to develop innovative products in order to adapt to the sanctions pressure. The article also considers specific mechanisms for supporting innovation in Russia and an analysis of the effectiveness of some projects. Objective: to identify mechanisms of state support for innovation and analyze the innovative activities of Russia. Methods: when writing the work, the method of analyzing statistical data and scientific literature was used, thanks to which the impact of international sanctions on the Russian economy and the mechanisms of state support that minimize this impact were identified. Results: an analysis of Russia's innovative activities was conducted and effective mechanisms for supporting innovation were identified. Conclusion: based on the results of the study, an analysis of innovative projects of the Russian Federation was conducted depending on the support provided.

the development of sustainable partnerships between business and science requires more than formal agreements; it presupposes flexible organizational models that facilitate continuous knowledge exchange. One of the underestimated yet promising formats in this context is intra-corporate tutoring. The aim of this article is to explore the essence and substantive dimensions of this model as a mechanism that stimulates competence transfer and strengthens applied cooperation between corporate and academic communities. The literature reveals a differentiation of approaches — from reducing tutoring to informal mentoring without institutional grounding to declarative models of cooperation in the spirit of the “University 3.0” concept, where practical implementation remains under-analyzed. Based on a comparative analysis of case studies from Russian companies, the author concludes that the most effective models emerge at the intersection of corporate educational ecosystems and strategic scientific collaboration, provided there is institutionalized support and space for mutual professional development. The author’s contribution lies in the systematic conceptualization of tutoring as a mediator between corporate development and academic knowledge. This study is relevant to researchers exploring transformations in corporate education policies, HR development managers, and coordinators of academic–industrial partnerships.

the article is devoted to the study of the concept of perpetual debt, its theoretical foundations and impact on the global economy. The relevance of the topic is associated with the growing dependence of economies on debt obligations and the risks of financial instability. The purpose of the study is to analyze the mechanism of functioning of eternal debt and its consequences for public policy. The hypothesis is that, despite the short-term benefits, perpetual debt carries long-term risks. Objectives: 1. To study the historical background of the concept. 2. To analyze the mechanism of functioning. 3. To compare debt strategies of different countries. 4. To identify risks and benefits. 5. To determine alternative approaches to debt management. Methods: literature review, comparative study, statistical analysis, expert interviews. Results: Perpetual debt reduces short-term financial pressure, but leads to an increase in the debt burden and limits the flexibility of fiscal policy. Analysis of international experience shows that successful application requires effective regulation. Strategies for debt restructuring, diversification of funding sources and creation of reserve funds are proposed. Conclusion: It is necessary to revise traditional models of debt financing and implement balanced debt management strategies.

in the context of accelerated urbanization and transformation of urban landscapes, the process of gentrification is becoming a key object of analysis, especially in Russia, where its specificity is determined by post-industrial development, minimal government regulation and class, rather than racial, differentiation. The growth of investments in premium real estate and the redevelopment of industrial zones has contradictory effects: on the one hand, modernization of infrastructure, on the other – social marginalization and loss of identity of districts. Objective: the research aims to identify patterns of gentrification in Russia, analyze their impact on spatial and social structures, and assess the consequences for the sustainability of urban communities. Methods: empirical data, including analysis of the Medicaid database, and social mapping methods were used to achieve the goal, allowing us to visualize changes in the distribution of social groups and their interactions. The results demonstrate that a comparative analysis of Russian and Western models of gentrification has revealed key differences: in Russia, there are conflicts between "new" and "old" residents, whereas in the West the processes are associated with racial segregation. Five models of gentrification in Russia are identified, each of which is characterized by unique socio-economic consequences. The results showed that the construction of skyscrapers enhances agglomeration effects, but at the same time promotes enclavization and disneyification, threatening the integrity of the urban environment. The conclusions indicate that gentrification in Russia is a multifaceted process combining elements of regeneration and marginalization. Its consequences require a comprehensive approach, including the regulation of the real estate market and the preservation of the social identity of the districts.

this study presents traditional and alternative approaches to assessing the balanced development of the region. The positions of domestic authors towards various systems for assessing the balanced development of the region are considered. The paper presents a classification of approaches to assessing the balanced development of the region and identifies their positive and negative sides. The indicators reflecting the level of balanced development of the region are analyzed, and the approaches and methods most suitable for the analysis of the balanced development of the region are identified.

in modern conditions of digital transformation of the economy and the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, the problem of forecasting marketing trends is becoming particularly relevant. Marketing trends are key indicators of changes in consumer preferences, target audience behavior, and market conditions, which makes forecasting them critically important for making managerial decisions in the field of marketing. The purpose of the research is to develop a comprehensive methodology for predicting marketing trends using artificial intelligence technologies and to demonstrate the practical application of this methodology in modern marketing research. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of the advantages and risks of implementing AI in predicting marketing trends, it is possible to develop a predictive model. The proposed methodology for developing a predictive model consists of a preparatory stage, a stage of development, testing and implementation. Thus, the prospects for the development of the proposed methodology are to analyze trends in the development of modern technologies in the main areas of forecasting technology development, as well as integration with big data technologies such as processing large amounts of data, analyzing unstructured information and using distributed computing. The conducted research confirms that the introduction of forecasting systems based on artificial intelligence is an evolutionary step in the development of marketing analytics, allowing companies to gain competitive advantages through a more accurate understanding of market trends and consumer behavior.

since the beginning of February 2022, Russian sports, especially football clubs of the Russian Premier League (RPL), have faced serious economic and sporting difficulties due to sanctions. Clubs have lost large sponsorship contracts and the opportunity to participate in European tournaments, which negatively affected income from television rights and prize money, and also reduced fan interest. At the same time, research shows the importance of an effective marketing strategy to attract fans and increase revenue. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of marketing communications of RPL clubs through a quantitative study based on a survey of active fans, using the theoretical framework of the work - a study of the portrait of a football fan by Jaeger J. (2021). The interim results show active use of social networks in the implementation of marketing communications with fans, passive interaction with posts in social networks, and a neutral attitude towards social media draws. Moreover, most fans are not inclined to actively attend football matches at the stadium. It is planned to expand the audience of respondents to obtain representative data, which will help in developing tools to improve the effectiveness of marketing communications of RPL football clubs.

the article reveals a problem of building and implementing a practice-oriented training system for logistics personnel in a modern economy characterized by high dynamics and the need to respond quickly to changes in market conditions. The research focuses on the integration of the educational process with production activities, which allows students to further develop competencies that are in demand by potential employers. The purpose of the article is to analyze the key elements of a practice-oriented education system, including the development of curricula, the organization of internships and internships. The research objectives are to consider the possibilities of involving business representatives in the educational process, as well as the creation of joint educational and research projects based on commercial organizations. The conclusion of the study presents the results of the implementation of a practice-oriented training system for logistics personnel. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach. The methods of the general scientific group were used in the work: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as the formal-logical approach. The study also involved methods of working with information, generalization and system analysis of data. Based on the results, the author concluded that the construction and implementation of a practice-oriented training system for logistics personnel in the context of the integration of education and production is an important task, the solution of which makes it possible to provide logistics industry enterprises with qualified personnel with not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills.

in the context of increasing economic instability, crisis planning and management mechanisms are gaining particular importance as tools for enhancing enterprise resilience to external and internal crises. A promising direction in this field is improving the effectiveness of crisis planning through its integration with project management tools. This article presents the structure and content of a conceptual mechanism of crisis planning and project management that aligns with the current economic and intra-organizational conditions of business operation. Purpose: theoretical justification and development of a conceptual mechanism for crisis planning and project management relevant to modern economic and organizational processes. Methods: the study employed methods of bibliographic description, formal logical analysis, synthesis, generalization, graphical visualization, deduction, and induction. Results: a conceptual mechanism for crisis planning and management was developed. Key structural elements and the content of the mechanism were identified, and the logic of their joint application and interaction was built. The integration of crisis planning with project management was substantiated. Conclusion: the proposed mechanism is an integrated management tool with a well-developed multi-level structure that corresponds to modern economic and organizational processes.

increasing interest in physical education and sports, and the number of people involved in sports is a national goal of the Russian Federation, defined in the main directions of the country's economic and social development for the coming years until 2030. The task of increasing the number of citizens engaged in physical culture and sports must necessarily be implemented taking into account such an instrument as the national Games. The positive effect can be considered on the example of the Tatar holiday Sabantuy, which the Republic of Tatarstan has successfully maintained and carefully preserved for centuries. It should be noted that the interest in holding the Sabantuy holiday is constantly growing. And it is not only in Tatarstan that this holiday is held. Purpose: to identify, using the example of the Tatar Sabantuy holiday, ways to introduce national games into the process of educating the younger generation through educational processes and mass sports. Methods: observations, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparisons, generalizations. Results: in the course of the work, it was concluded that against the background of the active spread of Tatar folk games, using the example of the Sabantuy holiday, which is held not only in Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, but also in dozens of Russian cities, in countries near and far abroad, it became necessary to integrate Tatar games into educational programs. physical education and sports programs. This will have a general impact on the upbringing of the younger generation, on the national component of Tatarstan. Conclusion: based on the results of the study, possible ways to increase the effectiveness of national games as an instrument of education and involvement in sports are proposed.

this article presents a comprehensive analysis of the adaptation processes in the agro-industrial complex of key agricultural regions of Russia under the sanctions imposed during 2020-2024. The study covers ten strategically important regions, with special emphasis on the Rostov Region as a leading agricultural area. Technological, organizational, and institutional innovations are examined as responses to external challenges. The methodological approach is based on systems analysis using an interdisciplinary toolkit combining economic geography, regional economics, and innovation theory. A set of complementary methods was employed: comparative-geographical analysis, statistical analysis, content analysis of regulatory documents, structural-functional, and typological analysis. Regional characteristics of adaptation strategies in the agro-industrial complex were identified, and the effectiveness of state support measures for the sector was assessed. The study demonstrates that sanctions pressure stimulated import substitution processes and the search for innovative solutions based on domestic developments. This research contributes to understanding the mechanisms of regional agro-industrial systems’ adaptation to external shocks and can serve as a basis for developing differentiated development strategies for the agro-industrial complex across various types of regions.

this scientific article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the role and significance of quantitative and qualitative characteristics in the process of constructing and applying scoring models for assessing borrowers' creditworthiness. In the context of increasing competition and dynamic changes in the financial market, the accuracy and reliability of credit risk assessment is of paramount importance for the sustainable development of credit institutions. The purpose of the study is to identify key predictors of creditworthiness, both based on measurable financial indicators and credit history (quantitative characteristics), and taking into account socio-demographic parameters, behavioral characteristics and other non-financial factors (qualitative characteristics). Special attention is paid to the development of methods for integrating heterogeneous data, allowing for the synergetic effect of sharing quantitative and qualitative information.

the context of globalization in the construction industry, cross-cultural management is becoming a key factor for the successful implementation of international projects. This article presents an improved economic-mathematical model that takes into account cultural distance, team adaptability, communication effectiveness, and time costs. The model is based on a modified production efficiency function with nonlinear dependencies between cultural factors and project performance indicators. An experiment involving 12 international projects demonstrated that optimizing cross-cultural parameters reduces implementation timelines and increases profitability. The scientific novelty lies in the multifactorial approach to assessing cultural influence.

the market of personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of the most important segments in ensuring the safety of workers in various industries. In recent years, this sector has demonstrated steady growth due to the tightening of labor safety requirements, the development of a labor protection culture and increased awareness of employers about the need to provide employees with high-quality PPE. The Atomsiz Group of Companies is an example of a successful enterprise in this industry, whose activities cover the production, sale and implementation of innovative solutions in the field of personal protective equipment. The presented article describes the features of the development of entrepreneurship in the field of production of personal protective equipment oriented to the market of the State Corporation Rosatom. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of entrepreneurial activity of the Atomsiz Group of Companies in the field of production of personal protective equipment aimed at the Rosatom State Corporation market. Methods – in the process of working on the article, the author used methods of system and statistical analysis to assess the level of development of entrepreneurial activity in the Atomsiz Group of Companies, a comparative approach, induction, deduction, tabular and graphical interpretation of the collected information, economic analysis, scenario approach, etc. Results: in the process of the author's research, it was found that the key factors in the success of the Atomsiz Group of Companies were a deep understanding of the specific needs of the nuclear industry, flexibility in adapting to changing requirements, investments in research and development and digitalization of business processes. Conclusion: The company's experience shows that even in such a specific and highly competitive segment as providing PPE to nuclear industry enterprises, Russian business is able to create effective entrepreneurial models that ensure not only commercial success, but also a significant contribution to solving important industry problems to ensure personnel safety.

the article touches upon the topical issues of priority support measures for participants of investment and construction activities. Their goals and the nature of their implementation predetermine their division into: anti-sanctions, stimulating, strategically oriented, and operational measures. Long-term measures designed to give anti-crisis character to investment and construction activities are based on administrative measures. Their implementation efficiency increases manifold in the conditions of introduction of information modeling technologies and digitalization of investment and construction processes. New rules and conditions require adequate competencies and, consequently, the creation of a new mechanism for continuous professional education. Synchronization in time and mutually coordinated development and implementation of a set of measures in conditions of participation of all subjects of investment and construction activity will ensure their unified strategic orientation and acceptability as a basis for effective use of the.

this article is devoted to clarifying the content of the process of structural transformations at the microeconomic level. The purpose of this study is to clarify the basic principles and functions of industrial enterprise restructuring. To achieve this goal, the scientific literature was summarized, and the practice of restructuring Russian metallurgical companies was also considered. In the process of research, methods of theoretical and general scientific knowledge and structural analysis were used. The need to take into account new relationships in qualitative changes in the structure of an organization that is in the process of constant renewal is shown. In this regard, when implementing production, managerial, organizational, legal and other transformations, it is important to take into account the principle of dynamic restructuring. Special functions of restructuring have been identified, to which insufficient attention is shown in the scientific literature. The conclusions are substantiated that clarifying the principles and functions of restructuring, as a reliable tool for bringing an enterprise out of a crisis situation, in the conditions of counter-sanctions, makes it possible to specify the purpose and objectives of structural reforms at the microeconomic level, and to determine the most effective directions for their implementation.

improving the quality of life of the population has been one of the main priorities of the state socio-economic policy for many years. However, the question of how it is expressed and the methods of measuring it has long been controversial. On January 1, 2025, the implementation of the new national project "Long and Active Life" begins in Russia, the planned budget of the project will be 2.25 trillion rubles, the implementation period is until 2030, the project itself includes 11 federal projects. The main goal of this project is to increase the average life expectancy to 78 years by 2030, and to 80 years by 2036. In addition, such priority tasks as the development of nuclear medical technologies, the fight against cardiovascular diseases and the training of new medical personnel are set. Objective: this scientific article is devoted to the consideration of the concept of "quality of life" and its comparison with similar terms, as well as to the study of methods for assessing the quality of life and the position of Russia in comparison with the rest of the world. Methods: in the course of the scientific study, information from publications and works of authors dealing with the topic under consideration was aggregated, various approaches to assessing the "quality of life" were studied and considered. Results: the study showed the presence of a predominantly synonymous and complementary nature of the relationship between the concepts of "quality of life", "well-being", "life satisfaction" and "happiness". A comparative analysis gave ambiguous results regarding the assessments of the "quality of life" in Russia using different methods. Some estimates indicate a high level of quality of life in Russia, others show average estimates, and others show low estimates. Conclusion: the issue of improving the quality of life of Russians continues to be relevant today, and the estimates obtained can provide important information about sectors that require more attention from the state.

in the context of accelerating digital transformation, external economic restrictions and increasing competition, the implementation of innovative technologies in the real sector of the economy is becoming especially relevant. The real sector, including industry, agriculture and construction, remains the key basis for economic growth and employment, but faces problems of technological backwardness, aging production capacities and insufficient investment attractiveness. Objective: to analyze the level of economic efficiency of implementing innovations in the real sector of the economy, to identify factors that contribute to or hinder their successful implementation, as well as to develop practical recommendations for increasing innovation activity at the regional and industry levels. Methods: Rosstat data, financial statements of enterprises, analytical materials of international organizations and the results of expert interviews were used. Time analysis, comparative analysis and calculation of key performance indicators were also used. Of the qualitative methods, content analysis of documents and the case method were used. Results: the study showed that the introduction of innovations in industry (including Industry 4.0 technologies), agriculture (precision farming, automation) and construction (BIM technologies, energy-efficient solutions) can significantly increase labor productivity, reduce costs, improve product quality and increase the competitiveness of enterprises. Calculations of key performance indicators – ROI, NPV, IRR and payback periods – confirm the high economic feasibility of investments in innovations, subject to competent project management and the availability of appropriate infrastructure. Conclusions: however, limited access of small and medium businesses to financing, shortage of qualified personnel, weak coordination between science and production, as well as bureaucratic obstacles in obtaining state support remain a significant barrier. Based on the data obtained, measures were proposed to develop innovation clusters, simplify procedures for obtaining financial support, etc.

the study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the possibilities of improving the regulatory framework of the Russian banking sector through the prism of modern methodological approaches developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). In the context of globalization of financial markets and increased international integration, the harmonization of Russian regulatory mechanisms with international standards of banking supervision is of particular relevance. The central place in the study is occupied by a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the Basel agreements, including a consistent study of the Basel I, Basel II and Basel III standards, each of which has made a significant contribution to the development of global practice of banking regulation. The work pays special attention to the comparative analysis of international and Russian standards of banking business, which allows to identify key differences in approaches to regulation, determine areas of potential improvement of the domestic regulatory framework and assess the possibilities of adapting advanced international practices to Russian conditions. The study is aimed at finding optimal ways to modernize the banking regulation system in Russia, taking into account the specifics of the national financial market and the need to comply with international standards of banking supervision. The results of the work can contribute to increasing the efficiency and sustainability of the Russian banking system in the context of global economic challenges.

in the current economic conditions in Russia, there is a serious competition among construction organisations for buyers of flats, houses and commercial real estate, as the number of construction companies is increasing every year, and also due to the rapidly changing demands of buyers. The ability to anticipate changes in the competitive environment allows companies to develop effective development strategies, optimise resources and successfully adapt to market challenges. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of forecasting. The subject of research in the article is the forecasting of the activities of construction organisations to improve their competitiveness. The system approach, deduction and induction, and synthesis were used. Problems of forecasting are considered and defined. Results: Methods of forecasting the real estate market and factors of competitiveness of construction organizations are determined. Conclusion: based on the results of the study, forecasting problems were identified.

in the context of rapid transformation of the economic environment and the need to increase the sustainability of regional systems, the role of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) as one of the key factors in socio-economic development is becoming increasingly important. Objective: to study the influence of small and medium-sized businesses on the formation and evolution of the sectoral structure of the regional economy. Methods: the analysis covers the period from 2019 to 2024 and is based on official statistics, materials of regional authorities, as well as the results of expert interviews with representatives of business and organizations of the entrepreneurship support infrastructure. Results: it was found that SMEs occupy a significant place in the regional economy, providing employment for over 210 thousand people and forming about 28% of the gross regional product. Small businesses are represented in all major sectors of the economy – trade, manufacturing, construction, services, agriculture and information technology. However, its development faces a number of significant barriers: limited access to financing, administrative obstacles, a shortage of qualified personnel and insufficient digitalization. The paper examines government support measures implemented at the federal and regional levels, including preferential lending, tax incentives, grant financing and development of support infrastructure. It is noted that despite certain successes, these measures require further improvement in order to increase their accessibility, transparency and targeting. Conclusions: the need for a systematic approach to the development of the entrepreneurial environment is emphasized, including deepening interaction between business, government and the scientific community, as well as modernization of government support mechanisms.