Economic efficiency of implementing innovations in the real sector of the economy

in the context of accelerating digital transformation, external economic restrictions and increasing competition, the implementation of innovative technologies in the real sector of the economy is becoming especially relevant. The real sector, including industry, agriculture and construction, remains the key basis for economic growth and employment, but faces problems of technological backwardness, aging production capacities and insufficient investment attractiveness. Objective: to analyze the level of economic efficiency of implementing innovations in the real sector of the economy, to identify factors that contribute to or hinder their successful implementation, as well as to develop practical recommendations for increasing innovation activity at the regional and industry levels. Methods: Rosstat data, financial statements of enterprises, analytical materials of international organizations and the results of expert interviews were used. Time analysis, comparative analysis and calculation of key performance indicators were also used. Of the qualitative methods, content analysis of documents and the case method were used. Results: the study showed that the introduction of innovations in industry (including Industry 4.0 technologies), agriculture (precision farming, automation) and construction (BIM technologies, energy-efficient solutions) can significantly increase labor productivity, reduce costs, improve product quality and increase the competitiveness of enterprises. Calculations of key performance indicators – ROI, NPV, IRR and payback periods – confirm the high economic feasibility of investments in innovations, subject to competent project management and the availability of appropriate infrastructure. Conclusions: however, limited access of small and medium businesses to financing, shortage of qualified personnel, weak coordination between science and production, as well as bureaucratic obstacles in obtaining state support remain a significant barrier. Based on the data obtained, measures were proposed to develop innovation clusters, simplify procedures for obtaining financial support, etc.

innovation, economic efficiency, real sector of the economy, industry, agriculture, construction, regional economy, innovation policy, state support