Vol 335, No 4 (2024)

Articles

Experience in modeling an asphaltene depositions curve and reducing the intensity of their formation by optimizing oil production technology

Ilyushin P.Y., Vyatkin K.A., Kozlov A.V.

Abstract

Relevance. The need to study the formation of asphaltene deposits in oil production wells. Among the known methods of combating these complications, the greatest interest is in optimizing oil production technology to prevent or reduce the intensity of the formation of these deposits. Aim. To study the possibility of constructing a curve for the formation of asphaltene deposits on the laboratory installation “Wax Flow Loop” and to determine the possibility of optimizing oil production technology to prevent the formation of these deposits. Methods. Laboratory studies on the “Wax Flow Loop“ installation, modeling based on the component composition of oil in the “PVTSim“ software product, calculations in the “Engineering Simulator of Technological Processes“ software product. Results. Based on the results of laboratory studies and numerical calculations, it was possible to construct a curve for the formation of asphaltene deposits. The correctness of the curve was validated against actual data on plugging a production well. The calculation of the influence of installing an electric centrifugal pump and choke-fitting a well showed that the first technology for changing oil production can significantly reduce the intensity of the formation of asphaltene deposits by introducing additional energy. The second technology only slightly shifts the thermobaric conditions of liquid extraction, which does not significantly affect the intensity of the formation of asphaltene deposits. Conclusions. The laboratory installation "Wax Flow Loop" allows correctly forming the curve of asphaltene deposits formation in the production tubing of oil producing wells. Methods for optimizing oil production technology make it possible to prevent the formation of asphaltene deposits with correct modeling and numerical calculations and selection of downhole pumping equipment.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):7-13
pages 7-13 views

Analysis of the results of modeling fluid inflow to a hydraulic fracturing

Yamkin M.A., Safiullina E.U., Yamkin A.V.

Abstract

Relevance. The fact that hydraulic fracturing is the efficient method for intensifying the inflow in "mature" fields. But, despite on its efficiency, it can cause unpredictable increase of water cut in a well. In this regard, the problem of predicting the behavior of the water cut in wells after hydraulic fracturing is topical. Aim. To create the model to predict the increase of water cut in well using the Buckley–Leverett function with known hydraulic fracturing parameters during the year after hydraulic fracturing. Object. Model of well water cut growth after hydraulic fracturing. Methods. Simulation of water cut in wells after hydraulic fracturing using the Python programming language, followed by an assessment of the convergence of the simulated data with actual data obtained from the Vankor oil and gas field. Results. It was shown that during the year the water cut gradually increased from 10 to 31%. The convergence of the simulated and real data was 98%. Conclusion. A model has been created to predict the increase in water cut in a well after the hydraulic fracturing. The high convergence of the simulated and actual data indicates the correctness of the application of the Buckley–Leverett function to predict the increase in water cut in the well after the hydraulic fracturing.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):14-21
pages 14-21 views

Spark plasma sintering of SiC-based bulk materials from carbonaceous residue of rice husk thermal processing

Shanenkov I.I., Nikitin D.S., Nassyrbayev A., Tsimmerman A.I., Shanenkova Y.L., Vlasov A.V., Pak A.Y., Saigash A.S.

Abstract

Relevance. The search for a useful application of carbonaceous residues of rice husks thermal processing. These residues due to high silicon content in the inorganic part can potentially be used to produce silicon carbide – an important functional material for various fields of science and technology. Useful utilization of this waste will allow not only solving the environmental problem associated with their inefficient application and formal disposal, but also obtaining value-added products in the form of SiC-based ceramics. Aim. To obtain SiC-based bulk products from carbonaceous residues of rice husk thermal processing by spark plasma sintering with a minimum number of additional stages of feedstock processing. Objects. SiC-based bulk products obtained using carbonaceous residues of rice husk thermal processing. The samples were obtained by spark plasma sintering at 1800°C, pressure of 60 MPa and holding time of 10 minutes. Methods. Spark plasma sintering; X-ray diffractometry (X-ray phase analysis); scanning electron microscopy; vacuumless arc discharge synthesis method. Results. The authors have carried out the experimental studies to assess the possibility of applying carbonaceous residue of rice husk thermal processing as a precursor for the synthesis of silicon carbide in bulk (ceramics) and dispersed (powder) forms. A series of experiments on spark plasma sintering of carbonaceous residue from rice husk thermal processing in the initial and milled form, with SiO2 silica sand additives, as well as with the use of silicon carbide powders synthesized from carbonaceous residue by vacuumless arc discharge method were implemented. The latter is performed within a one-stage fast-flowing process in an air environment and does not require the use of a vacuum system. Preliminary results demonstrated the possibility of obtaining bulk products and dispersed powders based on silicon carbide with a content of at least 50 and 60 wt %, respectively, and indicate the prospects of further increasing phase purity by optimizing spark plasma sintering and vacuumless arc discharge synthesis.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):22-33
pages 22-33 views

Preparation of complex titanium-containing coagulants from large-scale mineral concentrates and their use in wastewater treatment

Kuzin E.N., Fadeev A.B.

Abstract

Relevance. Development of new, highly effective reagents for treatment of wastewater of various origins is a complex and extremely important task. An equally pressing issue remains the development of technologies for processing large-scale mineral products, which currently have not found an economically feasible technology for their processing and have received the status of “waste”. The development of a technology for producing reagents using waste as a raw material will not only have an economic effect but will also significantly minimize the level of negative impact on the environment and take a step towards the implementation of the Zero Waste concept. Aim. Development of technology for processing large-scale titanium-containing raw materials to obtain complex titanium-containing reagents and study of their effectiveness in wastewater treatment from various industries. Methods. To study the phase composition of the samples, the X-ray diffraction method was used, and the determination of metal content in acidic solutions and wastewater was carried out by atomic emission spectroscopy. Results and conclusions. The authors have proposed the technology for production of complex titanium-containing coagulants, which includes hydrometallurgical technology for sulfuric acid processing of large-capacity mi-neral raw materials – titanite. Aluminum hydroxide was introduced into the resulting solutions to adjust the chemical composition and neutralize free sulfuric acid. The resulting aluminum sulfate transforms into the most stable form of 18-aqueous crystalline hydrate, absorbing moisture from the solution, realizing chemical dehydration. The study of the composition of solid samples of coagulants showed that the predominant phase in the composition of the complex coagulant is aluminum sulfate, and the content of titanium compounds ranges from 1 to 14 wt %. It was established that by varying the ratio of mi-neral raw materials:sulfuric acid it is possible to vary the amount of modifying additive titanium compounds in the complex reagent. It was proven that the use of complex titanium-containing coagulants in wastewater treatment allows reducing the consumption of coagulants by 25–35%, increasing the efficiency of water purification, minimizing residual concentrations of pollutants, and also significantly increasing the rate of sedimentation of coagulation sludge in comparison with traditional sulfate aluminum.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):34-42
pages 34-42 views

Mathematical modeling of minimization of electricity consumption by industrial enterprises with continuous production

Rakhmonov I.U., Ushakov V.Y., Najimova A.M., Obidov K.K., Suleimanov S.R.

Abstract

Relevance. Determined by the importance of minimizing electrical power consumption in industrial enterprises with continuous production, considering the specific characteristics of their technological processes and the requirements to maintain the output volume of their products. Aim. To solve the task of minimizing electrical power consumption based on a mathematical model and gradient method under optimal planning of the production volume of the industrial enterprises with continuous production; to develop a mathematical model for optimal distribution of production over a time cycle (month, quarter, year) across departments, taking into account both simple and functional constraints, derived from the condition of ensuring minimal electrical power consumption in industrial enterprises with continuous production. Methods. When deve-loping the mathematical model for ensuring minimal electrical power consumption while preserving the production volume, classic Lagrange optimization methods were used. To ensure sufficient calculation accuracy, iterative methods were also applied. For the task under consideration, a calculation error margin of ε=0,1 was assumed and established. It is known that the choice of calculation error margin depends on the specifics of the problem at hand and the decision-maker. To verify the adequacy of the developed model, the method of finding the relative extremum of a function of several variables was used. Results. The use of the mathematical model, which takes into account the nature of the technological process and boundary conditions in both simple and integral forms, demonstrated the feasibility of optimal planning of electrical power consumption by the enterprise. The effectiveness of the developed approaches was verified using a metallurgical enterprise as an example of an industrial enterprise with continuous production, in solving the task of minimizing electrical power consumption for products produced during the reporting period. The use of the proposed model allowed for a reduction in annual electrical power consumption by 2.5% while maintaining the same production volume. One of the classic optimization methods – the method of finding the relative extremum of functions of several variables – showed almost identical results upon verification. This serves as further evidence of the adequacy of the proposed model.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):43-51
pages 43-51 views

Comparative analysis of swelling mitigation in marl and clay soils: natural plant fibers (Alfa, jute, sisal) vs. polypropylene fiber with lime-pozzolana cement utilizing proctor compaction

Majid A., Baba K., Razzouk Y.

Abstract

This study offers a comparative assessment of two methodologies for mitigating soil swelling in marl and clay soils. The methods under investigation include the use of natural plant fibers (Alfa, jute, sisal) and polypropylene fibers in combination with lime-pozzolana cement. Laboratory tests, including Proctor compaction tests, and swell potential assessments, were conducted to assess the effectiveness of each method. The findings reveal that both natural plant fibers and polypropy-lene fibers, when combined with lime-pozzolana cement, effectively reduce soil swelling. The study underscores the promise of eco-friendly natural plant fibers and the durability of polypropylene fibers as viable solutions for soil stabilization. Furthermore, incorporating lime-pozzolana cement enhances both methods performance, providing an additional layer of soil stability. This research contributes valuable insights to geotechnical engineering projects dealing with marl and clay soils. It aids in the selection of suitable soil stabilization techniques, considering project-specific needs and sustainability concerns. Ultimately, this study advances the field of geotechnical engineering by promoting environmentally conscious and resilient solutions to address soil swelling in clay and marl soils.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):52-63
pages 52-63 views

Americium co-precipitation with calcium oxalate

Sofronov V.L., Selyavskiy V.Y.

Abstract

Relevance. The fact that the literature does not contain any data not only on crystallization coefficients, but also on the nature of the co-precipitation of americium (III) with calcium oxalate. The co-precipitation reaction of americium with calcium oxalate is used to concentrate trace amounts of americium due to calcium oxalate low solubility and adsorption capacity. In this relation, the study of co-precipitation of trace amounts of americium with calcium oxalate, as well as the study of the isolation of trace amounts of americium using a calcium carrier and its subsequent separation from the carrier, is of unconditional interest. Aim. Investigation of americium co-precipitation with the solid sorbent – calcium oxalate, description of the equilibrium of the sorption isotherm using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Methods. When studying the establishment of co-precipitation of americium with a carrier – calcium oxalate, the qualification of the chemical reagents used met the requirements of the grade not lower than r.g. The isotope americium-241 was used in the work, the composition of the solid phase of the carrier – calcium oxalate – corresponded to the formula CaC2O4·H2O. The concentration of americium (III) cations in the initial solution and in the filtrate was determined by gamma-spectrometric method using the SCS-07P spectrometric complex, the amount of calcium – by complexometric titration with murexide as an indicator, and the concentration of oxalate ion – by permanganatometric method. Results. It was found that the co-precipitation of americium (III) nitrate solutions with calcium oxalate is largely due to adsorption of the micro-component – americium (III) – on the surface of the existing or newly formed precipitate of the macro-component calcium oxalate. It is determined that the Langmuir equation model adequately describes sorption, since the processing of experimental data by the least squares method showed that in coordinates C/A=f(C) the sorption isotherm is described by the equation of a straight line with a high correlation coefficient of more than 0.95.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):64-72
pages 64-72 views

“Core–core” petrophysical relationships generation for reservoir modeling

Korovin M.O., Aleeva A.O.

Abstract

Relevance. The need in a detailed analysis of distribution of physical properties of the formation in space. Currently, the parameters connecting the results of responses of geophysical fields and petrophysical studies of core are averaged. On the one hand, this is due to the small number of wells with cores in the fields, and on the other hand, to simplify and speed up calculations in the presence of a large number of wells with geophysical surveys of wells. However, this approach does not allow us to identify the largest number of a particular layer or section characteristics. This, in its turn, may lead to inaccuracies in calculating filtration and capacitance properties. When averaging parameters, the features of formation of the deposit in parts of the field with core sampling are lost. And this is a very big opportunity to more accurately form facies models of deposits. Aims. To generate a map of skeletal density distribution based on core data for the supra-coal strata of a terrigenous oil reservoir; analyze the resulting distribution map, identify areas with increased and decreased density values; assess the degree of change in the porosity coefficient when compared with density values; identify areas of high and low density and trends. Object. Supra-coal strata of terrigenous sediments of one of the layers of an oil field in the Tomsk region. Methods. Analysis of the petrophysical database leads to formation of an idea of the reservoir. Laboratory core studies are the source of the most reliable information about the filtration and reservoir properties of the formation. The analysis technique involves the well-by-well construction of dependencies of petrophysical parameters and determination of the value of the constant density of the skeleton. Additionally, a general relationship is built for all wells to compare values and identify maximum and minimum parameters boundaries, skeletal density distribution map and resulting zones with low- and high-density values analysis. Borehole differentiation of values leads to increased detail of the distribution of the studied parameter and identification of zones with abnormally high and low values for more detailed study and the formation of a conceptual geological model.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):73-79
pages 73-79 views

Numerical analysis of a pressure distribution field and fluid flow velocity vectors near cumulative perforation holes

Popov S.N., Chernyshov S.E.

Abstract

Relevance. The need to determine a reliable pressure distribution field and fluid filtration velocity vectors inside the perforation hole and the reservoir rock surrounding it. Aim. On the basis of numerical finite element modeling of the fluid flow inside the perforation holes and its filtration in the surrounding reservoir rock, to reveal the patterns of pressure distribution and fluid filtration vectors in the perforation hole, on its walls and in the near-wellbore zone. Objects. Near-wellbore zone of a limestone reservoir of one of the oil fields in the south of the Perm Region, including perforations. Methods. Numerical finite element method for calculating the flow and filtration of liquid in the near-wellbore zone, taking into account the geometry of perforation holes. Results. The paper considers the main relationships used in numerical simulation of fluid flow and filtration in the ANSYS finite element modeling software package. The authors have developed the finite element scheme of the near-wellbore zone, including cumulative perforation holes and taking into account their geometric parameters, as well as the fact that inside the holes the fluid flow is modeled in open space using the Navier–Stokes equations, and in the surrounding reservoir rock based on the filtration equations and Darcy's law. Numerical calculations were carried out, on the basis of which the distribution of pressure, flow velocities and fluid filtration inside the holes and in the near-wellbore zone as a whole was obtained. Calculations were made with varying pressure in the well (or pressure drawdown), as well as for different values of reservoir permeability. The calculation results showed that for the actual drawdown values of 10 MPa and the reservoir permeability of 50 mD, the value of pressure change inside the perforation holes will not exceed 0.01 MPa, i.e. it can be assumed that it practically does not change inside the hole. It is noted that the maximum value of the filtration rate corresponds to the top of the perforation holes and then its value decreases as it approaches the borehole wall. It is concluded that in further modeling of the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone, taking into account the holes of cumulative perforation on the surface of the holes, it is permissible to set a constant pressure value equal to the pressure in the well, and not logarithmic or any other distribution of it.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):80-87
pages 80-87 views

Power consumption of electric centrifugal pumping plants under extraction of highly watered oil

Vakhitova R.I., Saracheva D.A., Urazakov K.R.

Abstract

Relevance. Currently, oil fields in Russia are mainly developed using the method of artificial maintenance of reservoir pressure to achieve high oil recovery. The use of artificial impact on productive formations by the method of water injection contributes to the premature irrigation of production wells. Water content of productive layers in oil fields significantly complicates the technology of oil production. With the increase in water content of the surface fluid, the power consumed by the engine increases. Minimization of energy consumption is quite relevant, as oil is produced with significant expenditures of electrical energy. It is important to investigate the dependences of the electric energy consumption on the well water cut. Aim. To study the dependence of energy consumption of submersible electric centrifugal units operated in oil production wells on water cut. Methods. Submersible electric centrifugal installations for oil production. Results. In order to study the effects of formation water cut on electrical energy specific consumption, wells with a water cut of more than 90% were selected. Using the formula, the authors have calculated the electrical energy specific consumption for oil production. The ana-lysis of the results of the calculated data showed that in producing wells with a water cut of up to 90%, the average specific electric power consumption for oil production is within the recommended standards. In wells with the water cut more than 90%, the average specific electric power consumption for oil production exceeds recommended specific norms of electric energy consumption during operation of oil producing wells equipped with electric centrifugal installations. Based on calculated data, the dependence of the specific electrical energy consumption for oil production on the water cut of reservoir products was plotted, and wells with a water cut of more than 90% were selected. The analysis of the graphical dependence showed that in wells with an oil water cut of more than 90%, the specific energy consumption reaches maximum values ​​(the specific energy consumption increases by 40%).

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):88-94
pages 88-94 views

Toxicity of vapor-gas flows from technogenic substance

Bortnikova S.B., Mytsik A.V., Edelev A.V., Khvachevskaya A.A.

Abstract

Relevance. Vapor-gas flows from technogenic substances (storage wastes of the mining industry), carrying a high amount of potentially toxic elements, are a big problem for the environment and the population, because metals and metalloids in the composition of emanations are in easily digestible bioavailable forms and are able to easily penetrate into living organisms. Aim. Assessment of toxicity for living organisms of air mixtures containing gaseous products emitted by a surfaces of mine tailings freely located near settlements and under the influence of climatic factors and microorganisms. Objects. Arsenide waste material from the Tuvacobalt plant and steam-gas emanations from it. Methods. Experiments with white rats male Wistar, analysis of organs for the content of a wide range of elements by ICP-MS on a NexION 300D mass spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA) (Problem-based research laboratory of hydrogeochemistry "Water" of the School of Natural Resources Engineering of Tomsk Polytechnic University). In the experiment, a pooled sample of the waste substance was used. The sample was analyzed for the content of oxides of the silicate group by XRF using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer ARL-9900-XP (Thermo Electron Corporation, Switzerland) at the Laboratory of X-ray Spectral Analysis Methods of the IGM SB RAS; elemental analysis was carried out by ICP-MS using an ELAN-9000 DRC-e instrument Perkin Elmer, USA (HAC Plasma). Results. Under the influence of vapor-gas emanations from the substance of arsenide tailings of the Tuvacobalt plant on a group of rats male Wistar, pathological changes occurred in the experimental group. Small foci of hemorrhages formed in the lungs, the tissues became edematous and inflamed. The liver of all animals increased, the share structure became sharply expressed, the color became light beige. Single hemorrhages were found in the kidneys. The vessels of the meninges are dilated, petechial hemorrhages are observed. The synthetic function of cells and the stability of cellular and intracellular membranes were disrupted, first of all, the endothelium of blood vessels was affected, the physiological functioning of organs and tissues was disrupted with the accumulation of intermediate products of biochemical reactions, determined macroscopically. Also, dystrophy of internal organs was determined, in particular, the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. Elemental analysis of animal organs showed the accumulation of toxic elements in comparison with the control group. The most characteristic elements, the excess of which was recorded in most cases, are mercury and arsenic. They were unevenly distributed throughout the organs. Mercury was accumulated mainly in the lungs, kidneys and liver, while arsenic was accumulated mainly in the liver and brain. This may indicate the entry of mercury and arsenic ions in a biologically available form into the bloodstream by inhalation, and local irritating and toxic effects on the lungs were not prevailing, and the liver was the most damaged organ according to the results of toxicochemical and morphological studies. The homeostasis of micro- and macroelements is finely regulated, and any concentration imbalance in the form of a deficiency leads to a progressive decrease and disruption of normal biological function, to severe physiological and clinical outcomes, which we observed from the results of the experiment. The data obtained proved the acute toxic effect of vapor-gas flows on living organisms, and also confirmed the possibility of the removal of many chemical elements in easily accessible and assimilable forms.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):95-107
pages 95-107 views

Solid-state damper for reducing vibration activity of an electromechanical device of a life support system of oil and gas stations

Gavrilin A.N., Dmitriev V.S., Ermakov D.V., Derusova D.A.

Abstract

Relevance. Mechanical vibrations are a common and technically important process that has a negative acoustic effect on human health and in some cases is a harmful production factor. In devices, the presence of vibration is caused by exciting influences of various physical nature: mechanical, electromagnetic, aerodynamic. The reason for their occurrence are defects in parts and assemblies, the technical principle of the ball bearing device, as well as the coincidence of the operating frequency of the device with natural frequency of the structural elements. Since it is technically impossible to completely eliminate the vibration activity of an electromechanical device, the actual topic of scientific research is the technical task of developing a damping device with determining its effectiveness to reduce the vibration activity of an electromechanical device, thereby minimizing the effects of concomitant harmful production factors on humans. To study this problem, a 3D model of the construction of a solid-state damper based on aluminum foam has been developed, according to which two layouts are made with different depths of cylindrical ducts used to install screws. The results of measuring vibration characteristics showed that the material used as a vibration dampener has damping properties and can be used to reduce the level of vibration activity of an electromechanical device. A comparison of the test results of the solid-state damper layouts showed that using layout No. 1 reduces the vibration amplitude up to three times compared with layout No. 2. Object. Fragment of the damping element of the vibration damper of a solid-state damper based on aluminum foam. Aim. To develop a design for a solid-state damper based on aluminum foam and determine the effectiveness of its use to reduce the level of vibration activity of an electromechanical device of the life support system of oil and gas stations. Methods. Modern approaches of vibration diagnostics, computational mathematics and measuring instruments. Results. There is a possibility of creating a solid-state damper based on aluminum foam to solve the problems of reducing the amplitude of vibration in the operating frequency range of the rotor of an electromechanical device compared with the corresponding vibration characteristics without damping elements.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):108-117
pages 108-117 views

Combustion characteristics of water-oil emulsion droplets with special additives

Shlege N.E., Klimenko A.Y.

Abstract

Relevance. Fuel oil application in power plants is characterized by increased values of underburning and anthropogenic emissions. One way to reduce anthropogenic emissions is the use of oil-water emulsions. Also, additional specialized additives are used to reduce anthropogenic emissions and improve fuel combustion characteristics. Aim. To determine the optimal fuel oil additive to reduce anthropogenic emissions and ignition delay times. Methods. The following additives: ION‑M, Rosneft R503V3, Rosneft R502V1 (relative mass concentration 0.5%) were added to the water-oil fuel. The physicochemical properties of fuel oil M-100, as well as the elemental composition of CHNSO, were determined. The rheological characteristics of water-oil fuel compositions were established. Using high-speed photography, the droplet ignition delay times were determined. Using the gas analyzer, it was possible to prevent anthropogenic emissions. Results and conclusions. The results of the study showed that the additive based on a special combination of positively and negatively charged ions (ION M) reduces ignition delay times by 20–60%, when the gas temperature varies in the range from 700 to 900°C. The addition of the additive based on fatty vegetable acids (P502B3) reduced the ignition delay times by 7–10%, when the temperature changed in the range from 700 to 900°C relative to water-oil fuel. It was found that when using the P502B1 additive in water-oil fuel, it was possible to reduce the ignition delay times by 15–50%. It was determined that in the presence of combustion catalysts, water binds with heavy hydrocarbons and thus the release of volatile substances occurs faster, i. e. the supplied heat is not wasted on heating water into droplets, but evenly affects the entire volume of fuel. The results of the study of anthropogenic emissions showed that the use of additives when burning water-oil fuel reduces the concentrations of CO, CO2, NO, SO2 by 8, 6, 10 and 13%, respectively, compared to fuel oil.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):118-130
pages 118-130 views

Optimal temperatures for measuring oil viscosity to restore its viscosity-temperature dependence according to the Filonov–Reynolds, Walter and Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman formulas

Valeev A.R., Tashbulatov R.R., Barabanshchikova T.A.

Abstract

Relevance. Increase in the number of high-viscosity and non-Newtonian oils produced and transported. For such oils, it is important to accurately predict the rheological properties and, in particular, the viscosity-temperature dependence. Viscosity measurement for a wide range of different temperatures is excessively time-consuming and irrational, and in practice, viscosity measurement is used at two or three different temperatures and then conversion formulas are used. It is also important to clarify, which formulas and for which oils should be used to obtain the smallest error. It is important, in particular, to determine the optimal temperatures for measuring the viscosity of oil to restore its viscosity-temperature dependence. Aim. To determine the optimal temperatures for measuring oil viscosity to restore its viscosity-temperature dependence using the Filonov–Reynolds, Walter and Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman formulas, including when calculating for the entire available temperature range. Objects. Viscosity-temperature dependences of oils from the Directory of oils of the USSR. Methods. Processing the viscosity measurement data for 564 oils from the USSR Oil Directory; construction of approximating viscosity-temperature dependencies; determination of error when using the obtained dependencies, including using cross-validation. Results. The authors have calculated the error in application of the Filonov–Reynolds, Walter, Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman formulas, using over 500 oils as an example. It was found that with a random choice of temperatures for measuring viscosity, the minimum average error at another temperature for these formulas is, respectively, 13.8, 10.7 and 6.2%. The use of the Filonov–Reynolds formula is undesirable for calculating viscosity at low temperatures. The Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman formula shows the best results in calculating viscosity when using temperatures of 30–50–70 and 10–30–50°C.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):131-138
pages 131-138 views

Algorithm of accurate cargo movement on a physical model of a sorting conveyor

Sarbassova N.D., Umurzakova A.D., Girnik A.S., Kladiev S.N.

Abstract

Relevance. The necessity to confirm the operability of the algorithm of accurate movement of the selected wood sorting to the corresponding storage bunker in the technological process of roundwood sorting at winter warehouses of timber processing companies to solve scientific and engineering problems both at present and in the future. Aim. To investigate the process of moving piece load on the physical model of longitudinal chain or belt conveyor, providing scaled reduction of positioning error. When sorting roundwood on chain longitudinal conveyors of considerable length, there is an error of movement of the selected roundwood sort to the place of discharge into the accumulator, which increases in proportion to the length of the sorting line. At present, conveyors of limited length are used. The accumulators are located on both sides of the conveyor. This reduces the transport error. Sometimes the sorting yard does not allow placing a short conveyor on it, or there is a considerable amount of assortments. In this case, it is necessary to use a conveyor of considerable length. The paper proposes a new method of sorting roundwood on longitudinal chain conveyors of considerable length. This reduces the tracking error of the movement of the assortment. Optoelectronic sensors of angular displacements of the leading and driven shafts of the belt conveyor are used as sensors of angular displacements of the shaft. Methods. Physical modelling, information-static processing methods. Results and conclusions. The authors have carried out the analysis of the structure of the physical similarity stand of the longitudinal conveyor; sensors of the technological process, namely, angular frequency of rotation; software and hardware means of processing the obtained information to minimize the error of transporting piece cargo on the conveyor belt. The results of the study confirm the possibility of practical application of the device for operation on longitudinal conveyors.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):139-147
pages 139-147 views

Material composition of copper slag of the Almalyk copper-smelting plant (Uzbekistan)

Sayitov S.S., Tsoi V.D., Rasulov S.M., Pechersky R.D., Rasulova A.V., Abduvaitov A.K., Asrorov A.A.

Abstract

Relevance. Copper production is accompanied by release of a large volume of slag. Today, huge quantities of copper slags have accumulated all over the world, in which the copper content is even greater than that in original ores. The slags that result from the smelting of ores and concentrates of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, together with other metallurgical wastes such as tailings, are increasingly the subject of significant environmental controversy. The only way to reduce the negative impact of slag waste on the environment can be their disposal, by complex extraction of valuable components from them and further use of slag waste for construction purposes. In addition to the main component of copper, copper slags contain elevated contents of gold, silver, zinc, iron, etc. The form of finding valuable metals such as iron, copper, lead and zinc in copper slags is complex. A detailed study of the mineral composition of slags is used in development of an effective technology for processing slags. Aim. To study mineral composition of copper slags, the form of finding valuable components. Object. Copper slag waste from the copper-smelting plant of the Almalyk MMC. Methods. Chemical composition of copper slags was established by phase analysis, atomic absorption, X-ray fluorescence research methods. Mineral composition of the ores was established as a result of complex studies, including: optical microscopy in transmitted and reflected light, X-ray diffraction, microprobe studies and electron microscopy. Results. Copper content in composition of copper slag samples is higher than in copper ores and it is 0.77–0.97%. In addition to copper, copper slags contain elevated contents of a complex of metals (g/t): Au – 0.17–0.26; Ag – 8.42–10.64, Zn – 4.288–10216, Pb – 2014–3360. Ferrous silicates (fayalite, ferrosillite), vitreous mass of ferruginous-silicate composition predominate in the composition of copper slags. Ore minerals are mainly represented by magnetite. The mineral content is approximately 10–15%. Among сopper sulfides minerals bornite, chalcocite, less often cubanite, chalcopyrite, covellite sharply predominate. Cuprite is observed in small amounts, and native copper is metallic. The mineral form of finding molybdenum is molybdenite. Among the native silver minerals, native silver was found in association with lead minerals. Gold is included in the composition of native copper and chalcocite as an impurity and passes into copper concentrate during processing slags.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):148-158
pages 148-158 views

Hydrodynamic processes in designing diamond drilling tools

Popova M.S.

Abstract

Relevance. The rational choice of drilling tools is one of the components of a positive result of exploration, mining, drilling operations. The function of a complex solution of problems arising when drilling wells is assigned to a modern drilling tool. Today there is a great variety of designs of rock cutting drilling tools. However, scientific achievements in improving the material and technical production base contribute to the development of drilling technology and creation of new, more efficient tool designs. The most promising and effective in various mining conditions is a diamond drilling tool. During the operation of such a tool, flushing fluid circulation is of great importance, especially in the bottomhole zone of the well being constructed. When designing the structures of a diamond rock cutting tool, it is necessary to take into account not only the strength, cutting, and stabilizing properties, but also the possibility of an effective fluid flow in its circulation system, i.e. without flow energy consumption to overcome resistance, with sufficient capacity for cuttings removal and the necessary level of cooling, lubrication and implementation of other functions of the flushing fluid, which contribute to improving drilling results. At the same time, modern methods of designing a drilling tool should take into account the influence of the drilling fluid, its properties, and the nature of the flow on the rock destruction mechanism, i. e. require a thorough study of the nature of the fluid flow in the contact zone of the tool cutters with the rock. The article proposes the position of considering the design of a diamond drilling tool cutting surface from the point of view of the influence of hydrodynamic processes on the nature of cutters rock interaction. The results of the study of both the author herself and well-known world manufacturers of diamond drilling tools are given as arguments. Aim. To study the influence of the design features of the existing diamond drilling tool on the nature of the fluid flow in the bottomhole zone of the well during drilling. Objects. Designs of diamond drilling tools, hydrodynamic processes associated with drilling. Methods. Analytical method, computer simulation method. Results. Differences in fluid circulation in certain types of diamond drilling tools are determined. The zones of the diamond rock-cutting tool are distinguished. They differ in the nature of the fluid flow. Directions for reducing hydraulic resistance in the bottomhole zone of the well due to changes in the design features of the drilling tool were established.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):159-171
pages 159-171 views

Prediction of catalytic cracking performance during co-processing of vacuum gas oil and low-margin oil refining streams

Nazarova G.Y., Ivashkina E.N., Nafo B.J., Maltsev V.V., Shafran T.A.

Abstract

Relevance. Expansion of catalytic cracking feedstock resources both due to the need to intensify the process to increase the yield of target products (high-octane gasoline, light olefins) and to deepen oil refining through the utilization of low-margin streams at refineries. Along with this, there is an urgent need to develop domestic mathematical tools for predicting and optimizing the catalytic cracking when the modes and feedstock qualities changes, as well as planning of production. This requires in-depth analysis and detailed study of the composition of oil fractions involved in processing and thermodynamics and kinetics of a heterogeneous process. The development and application of a mathematical model of the catalytic cracking, taking into account the composition and properties of the components involved in processing, makes it possible to quantitatively assess the yield and quality of target and by-products depending on the composition, physicochemical properties of the mixed feedstock, and the parameters of the technological regime, with an assessment of the possibility of their processing at an existing industrial facility. Aim. Experimental study of the composition and properties of mixed feedstock of catalytic cracking based on vacuum gas oil containing 5 to 20 wt % of extract of deasphalted oil, distillate, residual slack wax, and prediction of the catalytic cracking indicators during their co-processing using a mathematical model. Methods. Liquid chromatography method to study the composition of feedstock materials of the catalytic cracking in combination with a number of standard methods for determining physico-chemical properties. Results. Using a set of experimental studies, the authors have established the patterns of changes in the composition and physico-chemical properties of the components and mixed feedstock of catalytic cracking containing 5–20 wt % of distillate and residual slack wax, deasphalted oil, and extract. The results obtained were used in development of a mathematical model of the heterogeneous catalytic cracking of feedstock, which takes into account the composition of oil fractions involved in processing and the patterns of catalyst deactivation by coke. Using a mathematical model, the authors established the patterns of changes in the composition and yield of process products when 5–20 wt % were involved in processing distillate slack wax and extracts of selective cleaning of oils mixed with vacuum distillate. Practical recommendations were developed on the possibility of expanding the hydrocarbon feedstock of the catalytic cracking, taking into account the fuel or petrochemical regime.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):172-184
pages 172-184 views

Effectiveness of the method for selecting rotary-steerable systems based on the machine learning algorithm Random Forest Classifier

Nikishin V.V., Blinov P.A., Terekhin V.A.

Abstract

Relevance. Urgent need to consider and determine possible ways to use machine learning methods in drilling industry, since artificial intelligence is developing rapidly. Achieving this task will provide industrial enterprises with a huge competitive advantage and make an important contribution to the scientific community for its future research. This is emphasized by such regulations as the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 10.10.2019 G. No. 490 "On the development of Artificial Intelligence in the Russian Federation" and "The National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence for the period up to 2030". Aim. To study the effectiveness of using the machine learning method Random Forest Classifier, to develop methods for selecting rotary-steerable systems, to consider the efficiency of machine learning to determine target parameters when solving the task assigned to it within the drilling industry and to determine the approximate amount of time that can be spent by the algorithm to work out a possible solution. Object. Random Forest Classifier machine learning method in the conditions of solving a problem from the drilling industry on the selection of an optimal rotary-steerable system for specified conditions. Methods. The authors have performed two computational experiments using two computing and electronic machines, namely a laptop and a remote server, the prerequisite for which was the data collected and analyzed on the basis of the study of the scientific literature in the field of research. This article explores the possibility of using the machine learning method Random Forest Classifier, to optimize well construction, using the example of developing a method for selecting rotary-steerable systems. Computational experiments were performed on two computers using the Python programming language, version 3.8.10, as well as the following libraries: NumPy, Pandas, Scikit-learn. Results. The computational experiments carried out proved the ability of the considered method to solve the problems of choosing suitable drilling equipment, an example of which was rotary-steerable systems. This method is able to independently determine the dependencies necessary to perform the task and spends a small amount of time on this process. The totality of these conclusions makes it possible to unequivocally assert the expediency and necessity of developing new approaches to the use of machine learning methods in the drilling industry, as well as performing multiple scientific studies on the possibilities of using machine learning in well construction and analyzing their effectiveness, since this direction is advanced and can radically change the existing ideas about the processes occurring during well drilling.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):185-199
pages 185-199 views

Power hardware-in-loop emulation of a battery for charging systems and grid applications

Jassim H.M., Zyuzev A.M., Mikhail M.V.

Abstract

Relevance. Batteries are playing an increasingly vital role in power systems due to their utilization in various applications including microgrids, electric vehicles, sustaining geographically isolated communities, and energization of automated devices. Since they are considered as the enabling technology for renewable energy integration, the absence of battery systems from islanded microgrids can result in decreased system reliability and compromised performance due to the intermittency of local sources. Nevertheless, the hazardousness associated with their charging mechanism has led to the urgent continuous development of charging technologies and battery management systems. Aim. To develop a safe testbed to exa-mine the functionality of newly produced battery charging stations and battery managers without employing actual physical batteries to avoid the hazardous manipulation of batteries and increase flexibility during the design and validation stage. This is accomplished by modeling the electrochemical dynamics of the battery system and integrating the device-under-test to a DC converter, which reacts based on these modeled dynamics. Novelty. This work adapts one of the most successful Li-ion battery models available in the literature and utilizes it to interact with power electronic devices that exchange power signals. Unlike other work in this field, the design is based on power hardware-in-loop principles and has minimized power consumption characteristics due to its unique configuration. The constructed computer model can be easily reparametrized to describe the dynamics of various battery capacities. Methods. MATLAB-based simulations of the proposed testbed were conducted for high and low power capacity. A LabView-based program was interfaced with the testbed hardware using a NI-DAQ board to validate the proposed design practically. The testbed hardware components were entirely developed from scratch for experimentation purposes. Results. The proposed testbed successfully imitated the dynamics of the battery, while the practical results concurred the simulated ones.

Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering. 2024;335(4):200-211
pages 200-211 views

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