Vol 24, No 179 (2019)
- Year: 2019
- Published: 15.12.2019
- Articles: 21
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/1810-0201/issue/view/19850
Articles
Diagnostical tools to evaluate student’s creative thinking development
Abstract
We show the data of diagnostic research, main aim is to analyze the development level of structural components of students creative thinking. Creative thinking is interpreted as a professionally-oriented thinking characterized by the ability to generate a lot of original ideas in unregulated conditions of activity, developed verbal creativity and insight, a high level of reflection, inquisitiveness, imagination, self-control of emotional states. We consider it as the most important factor influencing personal and professional self-change of students - future psychologists. We reveal the indicators of creative thinking development and the diagnostic tools for their evaluation are substantiated, identify and analyze the main problem areas in the development of creative thinking of students (low level of verbal activity, lack of curiosity, lack of understanding of the need for further work on the development of imagination). Using diagnosis we reveal the relationship between the individual psychological characteristics of the personality of students-psychologists and their predominant types of thinking: subject, symbolic, symbolic and imaginative. We obtain the analysis results using a five-factor personal questionnaire by R. McCrae and P. Costa which allows to make a personal portrait of the subjects by many factors: extra - version - introversion, attachment - isolation, self-control - impulsiveness, emotional stability-instability, expressiveness-practicality. We reveal the difficulties in the development of creative thinking, which meet students with a focus on the prevalence of one of the indicators in a particular pair. We present the factor analysis results of the obtained data carried out by principal component analysis with the construction of the correlation matrix and subsequent orthogonal rotation. Correlation analysis showed that the students' scale of creativity correlates with such indicators as imagination, creative thinking, activity - passivity, domination - submission, manifestation - avoidance of guilt, extroversion - introversion, credulity - suspicion, curiosity - conservatism, curiosity - realism, activity component. The results of the study can be used in the educational programs development aimed at the students’ creativity development and personal and professional competencies formation of future psychologists in high school.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):7-19
7-19
Quality of theoretization and culture formation of individual self-study in the continuous education system
Abstract
We define the direction and conditions for improving the quality of theorization and culture formation of individual self-study, detail and visualize the constructs and models of culture formation of individual self-study in the continuous education system. The practice of theorizing the culture formation of individual self-study in constructs of modern scientific knowledge and the use of pedagogical models facilitating the understanding and presentation of the quality of forming a culture of individual self-study and the specifics of accounting for adaptive acmepedagogical features of solving problems of personality development in the system of continuing education is detailed. The possibilities of forming a culture of individual self-study through the use of the construct “pedagogical conditions” (pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of forming a culture of individual self-study) are clarified and theorized. We determine and unify pedagogical conditions for improving the quality of forming a culture of individual self-study in the continuous education system by taking into account the age and scientific character, normal distribution of abilities and health of students in the continuous education system and other components of modern scientific and pedagogical research and scientific knowledge in pedagogy. We also prove the consistency of the deterministic model of theorization and culture formation of individual self-study in the continuous education system. We determine the features and prospects of measuring the quality of theorization of culture formation of individual self-study in the continuous education system.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):20-31
20-31
Teaching English grammar on linguocognitive basis
Abstract
The peculiarities of the modern educational process require new approaches to techniques and methods used in language teaching. One of the ways for optimization of lessons in fo- reign languages is aimed at integration of cognitive linguistics and its achievements into the structure of such classes. The linguocognitive basis fits well into the communicative approach to teaching languages and allows for increased efficiency of education through using the principles and methods of cognitive science, which provides a means of explanation for a number of linguistic phenomena, including grammatical, the explanation of which is difficult within the traditional approach to teaching. Certain aspects of English grammar, that are difficult to be taught, are being considered and the efficiency of methods of cognitive linguistics in their teaching is proven. We demonstrate the importance of considering cognitive metaphor as a mechanism that is crucial for teaching English prepositions and modal verbs. A number of practical researches, that have proven the high potential of classes, structured around linguocognitive basis, is provided. We also prove the possibility of integration of the methods of cognitive linguistics and the methods, developed within the traditional approach to language teaching. In conclusion we provide the arguments for the efficiency of teaching English grammar on linguocognitive basis.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):32-39
32-39
Literary text features as means for individual’s moral qualities formation at the Foreign Language classes in a comprehensive university
Abstract
We attempt to analyze the main features of a literary text as a means of moral qualities development in the process of a Foreign Language classes in a comprehensive university. Various moral qualities such as the ability to work in a team, flexibility, honesty, courage and tolerance, sense of justice, the desire for knowledge are highly valued on the labour market today. The potential of the “Foreign Language” discipline contains a unique combination of ideas of spiritual, moral and aesthetic education, through which students are introduced to the ideals of morality and cultural patterns. We aim to identify the essence of text interpretation concept, which includes the reflexive component, important for the development of the aforementioned personal qualities. It is shown that the literary texts contain philosophical information, examples of problematic life situations in which certain social skills, human qualities, decisions and actions are demonstrated. Various examples of life situations presented in the literary texts are deeply analyzed and interpreted by students.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):40-50
40-50
Principles of foreign language communicative competence control and assessment
Abstract
We reveal and characterize the foreign language communicative competence assessment principles on the example of students of non-linguistic university of economic programs. We consider the traditional definitions educational results of monitoring and assessment. The functions of control are analyzed, the role of the assessment procedure and control in the methodology of teaching foreign languages in the framework of a new pedagogical paradigm-competence approach are revealed. The provisions clarifying the definition of control of educational results in the competency-based approach are offered. We analyze Russian scientists’ views on the principles of learning, the observe openness and constant reinvention of the system of the principles by Russian scientists. The role of the control principles in the assessment procedure is substantiated. The necessity for the combined application of the teaching principles and control during the assessment activities is justified. The modern classification and hierarchy of learning principles are presented, three levels of principles of control and evaluation of foreign language communicative competence are substantiated: general-didactic, general-methodological and special principles. The general-didactic principle of reproducibility of assessment is offered for teaching activity, and also such general-methodological principles of foreign language communicative competence assessment as criterion and variability are offered for implementation.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):51-57
51-57
Content design of foreign language academic programmes for students at the musical universities
Abstract
Foreign language teaching to students of non-linguistic programmes, including musical institutions of higher education, is aimed at the development of foreign language communicative competence in the social, social and cultural communication spheres, as well as internal specialization. The content of the discipline “Foreign Language for Professional Communication” should reflect the specifics of the future professional activity of graduates of a particular programs and a specialty, and, thus, is aimed at forming a number of general cultural professional and professional competencies. The curricula analysis of a foreign language in musical universities indicates that in practice there is one single academic program in a foreign language for students, regardless of the programme. In practice, this ignores the internal specialization of the discipline “Foreign Language for Professional Communication”. We examine and develop: a) the main approaches to learning a foreign language for professional communication at the university (“Foreign Language for Special Purposes”, “Content and language integrated learning” and “Teaching specialized disciplines in a foreign language”); b) analysis of studies on the selection of the subject content of curricula in a foreign language for professional communication; c) the author’s content of the discipline “Foreign Language for Professional Communication” for students of the three programmes of a musical university: 53.03.02 - “Musical and instrumental art”, 53.03.03 - “Vocal art” and 53.03.04 - “The art of folk singing”.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):58-68
58-68
Development of collocational competence of students on the basis of electronic linguistic corpus
Abstract
We discuss the use of the linguistic corpus as a means for the development of collocational competence of students. We reveal the contents of the concepts of “lexis” and “lexical skill”. Lexical skills are divided into receptive (word perception) and productive (word use). We distinguish the operations that underlie the lexical skill and the stages of the formation of the lexical skill. We define the skills for attaining mastery of language competence in high school students, according to the main general education program in the “English language” profile. In accordance with the modern trends of education computarization, the skill of working with corpus technology is worth to notice. In connection with the rapid development of a foreign language, there are doubts about the relevance of lexical data of educational literature, since its creation takes more than a year. Therefore, the electronic linguistic corpus is seen as the most effective means in solving the problems of learning foreign language vocabulary. We review and analyze the definitions of the linguistic corpus and concordance given by previous researchers. Based on the analysis of previous works on this topic, the following didactic features of the electronic linguistic corpus are highlighted and described: a) multilingualism; b) the ability to search for specific information; c) contextual search results; d) the diversity of functional text types; e) sorting the search results; f) the relevance of the text data; g) accessibility on the Internet. In addition to the didactic features above, we add multi-level resources feature. The methodological functions of the linguistic corpus that determine its use in foreign language vocabulary teaching are identified. Collocation is singled out as a lexical unit, which plays the most significant role in the construction of the speaker's speech. Paper reveals the meaning of the terms “collocation” and “collocational competence”. After analyzing the scientific literature, we establish that knowledge of collocations increases the fluency and diversity of speech, which are necessary requirements in the modern communicative approach in teaching foreign language. The need to study collocations determines the development of collocational competence.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):69-80
69-80
The organizational and pedagogical conditions promoting effective legal education of the teenager in the educational organization
Abstract
The problem of legal education of the teenager is relevant. The organizational and pedagogical conditions promoting effective legal education of the teenager in the educational organization are presented and analysed, are: creation of the partner environment integrating efforts of all subjects of legal education; support of increase in competence of teachers and parents on problems of legal education; ensuring inclusiveness of the teenager in the comprehensive program on formation of legal culture of the personality; realization of modern social and educational methods taking into account specific features of the teenagers and resources of the educational organization promoting increase in legal culture. It is established that the main subjects of legal education of teenagers are: Ombudsmen for Children; commission on affairs of minors and protection of their rights; bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation; bodies of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation; bodies of the Ministry of Health; universities which are engaged in training of future lawyers; socially oriented non-commercial organizations, public organizations, funds educational and scientific institutions; The Internet portals directed to legal education, support of teenagers and their parents. In article the modern social and educational methods promoting increase in legal culture are considered: active educational lectures; problem lectures; debatable groups; role-playing games; imitating games; business games; analysis case situations; development and implementation of social projects; mentoring, tutor’s maintenance; method of event tourism; school services of reconciliation; the volunteer club directed to legal education of teenagers.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):81-89
81-89
Time experience in sports (psychological and pedagogical aspect)
Abstract
We consider some aspects of time experience in sports activity. The relevance of this study is determined by the increase in the level of time experience among the entire population, which together with the time experiences that occurs in sports, is a problem for the athletes preparation from a psychological and pedagogical point of view. The data described in the work are obtained as a result of analysis and generalization of special literature, pedagogical observation of athletes, analysis of TV broadcasts of competitions in different sports. The study was conducted in 2017-2018 on the basis of the Belgorod National Research University, Armavir State Pedagogical University. We established that the problem of time experiencing in sports is actually still little studied and mainly concerns the issues of psychological athletes’ preparation for responsible sports competitions. The study reveal the types of sports time experience depending on the focus on the object and the causes of the experience, the levels of tension of time experience in sports activities, as well as some factors that determine the characteristics of the experience of time by athletes in training and during sports competitions. When considering these issues, it was taken into account that the time experience has life-like features that can become the background for specific experiences of time arising in the training and competitive activities of athletes. These studies develop ideas about the time experience in sports, which has both theoretical and practical application. Prospects of research in this direction are extensive, they may overlap with the problems of sociology, pedagogy, psychology, philosophy of sports and some other areas of knowledge. In particular, a certain interest is, for example, the study of gender features of the time experience in sports, changes in the age dynamics of the time experience by athletes, typological characteristics of the time experience in sports.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):90-97
90-97
Compensatory-adaptive mechanism of cardiorespiratory system in athletes’ fatigue state
Abstract
At the present level of sports development, the search for opportunities to improve the performance and endurance of athletes is one of the most important terms for achieving high sports results. Performing physical activity at the limit level makes increased demands on the activity of the body, requires more significant adaptive changes in the functioning of all organs and systems, but it allows to raise the overall level of efficiency. Factors that determine the effectiveness of combinations of training loads are the volume of loads, their direction and sequence of execution. Consideration of these factors should be reflected in the organization of the training process. The combination of training loads aimed at the education of general, special and strength endurance should be most often used in the general preparatory stage of the preparatory period, and the combination of loads aimed at the education of special, speed and strength endurance - in the special preparatory stage of the preparatory period and in the competitive period. Planning the volume and intensity of the training load and its implementation should correspond to the functional capabilities of the athlete’s body. To prevent the probability of any deviation from normal functioning of energy sustaining systems of the body, one needs a speedy and effective recovery of these systems. Only in this case the training process can proceed quite systematically, and the results of the trainee will become more stable at all stages of the competition period. All this makes it relevant to study the processes of rational interaction of cardiorespiratory and motor systems of the body during training and competition. This knowledge allows with a sufficient degree of accuracy to determine the development of the performance of athletes, optimize the training process, improve its quality and efficiency, maintain a high level of performance for a long time.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):98-104
98-104
Effective intercultural communication skills development of university students
Abstract
We analyze the problem of effective intercultural communication skills development of university students. We emphasize that the development of these skills can be optimized through the use of the method of game modeling of communication situations, taking into account the intercultural differences of the dialogue participants. The analysis of reflection of cultural aspects of behavior on the example of the attitude to time representatives of different cultures using both different and common languages. We emphasize that members of different linguistic and cultural communities react differently to the same situations depending on their cultural background. The degree of success of the formation of skills of effective intercultural communication largely depends on a well-built system of role-playing games in the educational process. We conclude that it is necessary to create conditions under which the process of formation of effective intercultural communication skills can be formed by solving the problems of expanding the background cultu- ral knowledge, learning communication skills, the study of social and psychological standards of different cultures and familiarity with the ethno-cultural traditions and customs of native speakers of the studied language. Also we define the scope of leisure activities for the skills formation as promising.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):105-112
105-112
Corporate volunteering as a promising direction of social and cultural partnership: peculiarities, advantages and development prospects
Abstract
We discuss the development peculiarities of corporate volunteering in Russia in the aspect of consideration of such forms as social and cultural partnership, cooperation. Corporate volunteering is defined as the support and encouragement by an employer of employees engaged in community work on a pro bono basis. The system of encouragement of employees is characterized (paid leave, registration of creative business trips; use of the number of working hours in accordance with the approved regulations for participation in socially significant events; grant support). The main approaches to the development of corporate volunteering (integration, innovation) are characterized. We define the main directions of development of corporate volunteerism, in which a special role is given to the system of interaction of state structures and civil society (professional volunteering, micro-volunteering, social support programs, and participation in the development of projects for non-commercial organizations). Expert recommendations for companies on development and implementation of corporate volunteering programs are presented. The main stages of development of corporate volunteer programs (preparatory, pro bono promotion, development of the bank of social initiatives) are described. The programs of corporate volunteering of the largest companies that actively develop this direction in the territory of the Russian Federation and pursue the goals of popularization of socially significant volunteer activity are analyzed.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):113-120
113-120
Financial and economical activity of Orthodox monasteries of Tambov Eparchy in the 18th-19th centuries
Abstract
The relevance of our study is due to the recent trends of comprehensive consideration of issues related to the financial, economic and economic activities of Orthodox monasteries. In the conditions of the revival of monastic life in modern Russia these aspects of monastic work are of particular interest to researchers and allow us to draw some historical parallels, as well as to comprehend many related issues in this direction. The study was tasked with presenting a generalized summary analysis of the economic status of Orthodox male monasteries of the eparchy during the synodal period, as well as reviewing the main articles of income and expenditure of monetary amounts. The facts collected and systematized in this study are intended to reveal the specifics and peculiarities of ownership of the male monasteries with their lands. Land tenure and various economic objects were a powerful economic help in the conditions of the established division of monasteries into regular and non-standard types after the 1764 reform. As a result, from the second half of the 18th century, most of the cloisters were forced to seek new non-state sources of income. In the process of the gradual accumulation of the land fund over the next century, the role of economic possessions, which, as a rule, were leased and provided a solid and stable extrabudgetary income, both in regular and non-standard monasteries, increased.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):121-130
121-130
Soldiers’ children in legislation and law enforcement practice in Russian Empire of 18th-19th centuries
Abstract
We consider historical and legal aspects of social and class status of minor members of “military class”: soldiers’ children, recruit’s children, soldiers’ daughters. These children had special status in legislation and law enforcement practice in Russian Empire in 18th-19th century as they were born in the families of recruits, lower ranks soldiers during their service in Russian army, retired soldiers, soldiers on indefinite leave and service-disabled veterans. On the basis of wide range of archival and published materials we reconstructed the legal regulation and social characteristics of “military offspring” in military forces and civil society. We also reveal recorded in primary archival documents and legal acts social and legal, class and household collisions and trends, which determined life and destiny of “military children”. We clarify statistical uncertainties, which occurred during estimation members of military class - soldiers’ children - in Russian province. We also give detailed historiographic assessment of studying legal status of cantonists and soldiers’ daughters. We conclude about the prospects of studying this scientific problem by domestic historians, as well as the presence of primary archival documents, which are waiting for the introduction into scientific circulation. It is proved that the category of “soldiers’ children” was not only a subject, but was often the object of Russian legislation, this category also made it possible to successfully defend their rights. We reveal features of transformation of the former canto- nists into professional soldiers, and also their role in military and social history of the Russian Empire of the considered chronological period.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):131-142
131-142
Theological schools transformations: Tambov Seminary (the 19th century)
Abstract
The peculiarity of the formation and development of education in Russia is that its origin and further transformation took place in religious schools. On the example of the Tambov Seminary we show the transformation in the educational process of the 19th century. Great importance was given to such a document as a charter. In the second half of the 19th century preparations began for the transformation of seminaries in Russia. “Draft Charter of 1862” was published which received widespread discussion. In the Tambov Seminary, the discussion of this project took place in 1863 and occupied a special page in the seminary chronicle. The new charter was recognized as little successful than the previous experience of studying medicine and agriculture in seminaries. The charter defined improvement in the field of theology. The innovation was the creation of a hostel for schoolchildren, the introduction of the seminary pastor post, regular gymnastic exercises and walks in the fresh air. Literary gatherings under the guidance of a mentor were allowed. The training part also underwent changes. It was determined that the preparation of general education was 8 years and on its basis another 4 years were for studying the theological sciences. Such an educational system excluded repetition in the study of the same subjects. All these questions were the subject of open discussion in the Tambov Seminary.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):143-150
143-150
Stages of government control development of seaports work in the Far East
Abstract
We used not only archival collections (Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East) as materials for the study, but also the works of the authors, which historically and consistently traced the development of domestic navigation, as well as the issues of government control of seaports of the Far East. The main purpose of this work is to try to form the stages of the government control system of the seaports in the Far East in the period from 1862 to 1923. To achieve this goal, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the stages of development of the government cont-rol system of the work of seaports, to make reasonable administrative decisions and explain the promising directions of government control of the ports of the Far East region. As a result of the study, the following stages were formed: the first one - the period of formation and development of maritime navigation and the formation of the system of state management of seaports; the second one - the period of strengthening the role of the state in the regulation of merchant shipping; the third one - the period of finding a balanced model of management of seaports. This has allowed us to conclude that seaports in any environment should remain objects in the management of which the leading role belongs to the state government, and this role should be maintained and continuously improved. However, it should be emphasized that the characteristic feature of the development of the port in the Far East was the combination of the state initiative with private entrepreneurship, showing the dynamics of this interaction throughout the studied historical period. It is appropriate to quote K.P. Pobedonostsev, who pointed out that “every great thing begins with a small, and from a small grain, when it falls on good soil, a tree can grow. The power of the state for a lot of things cannot take from their funds, as the efforts of individuals directed by the faith, knowledge and experience, will not outline ways and pave the road for the state”. The changes in the government control of the seaports of the Far East considered in this work and the extension of the generally accepted order of management of seaports of the empire to them, in our opinion, met the requirements of that time and was one of the main factors that had a significant impact on the development of the entire Far East region.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):151-158
151-158
Archival description of cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department as a source for studying the activities of the railway police (1869-1916)
Abstract
We highlight the need to study the activities of gendarme police departments of railways on the basis of reliable sources and versatile approaches. We made a structural analysis of the archive inventory of the affairs of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department of the Moscow Gendarme Police Department of railways for the period of 1869-1916. The basic directions and some features of the organization of service of the gendarme railway police are revealed. A longitudinal study of the clerical work allowed us to see in the dynamics of meaningful practice, to identify the subjects of the system of relations between the railway gendarmes, their role and place in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire. In classifying cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department by the institutional criterion, a retrospective assessment of the activities of railway gendarmes was given. On the basis of the obtained statistical data, critical conclusions were drawn up about the social processes that took place in Russian society in the post-reform period. Studying the cases of the model department of one of the gendarme police departments of railways allowed to draw conclusions about the role of the railway gendarme police units of the lowest level in the overall implementation of police and special functions, including in solving administrative issues, interacting with various officials, employees of railways, citizens.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):159-165
159-165
Patrimonial bureaus procedures of the landlord farms in Russia during the second half of the 19th - early 20th century: the documentation structure
Abstract
The relevance of the study lies in the insufficient development in the domestic historiography of the problem of patrimonial bureau procedures in landlords farms, and the need to consider the features of a large market economy with the possibility of referring to the experience of the past. We analyze the composition of patrimonial documentation of landlord’s estates of the second half of the 19th - early 20th century. The characteristic of opinions of some researchers of this problem is given. The legislative aspects of the Russian Empire regulating paperwork in landowner farms are developed. We highlight the features of the Italian form of double-entry bookkeeping, features of the information documentation by industrial associations of landlords. It is established that all (without exception) entries in the documents were based on the provisions of the ordinances of income and cash flow, announcements, powers of attorney, declarations, briefs, petitions, notifications, etc. We present the order of employment (from employees’ side) and the involvement of employees in manufacturing (from employers’ side) at the owners’ farm, we also characterize the processes that affect their economic development. On the basis of the deposited materials there is a possibility of the complex analysis of trade and comparative communications of landowners, studying the main stages and results of modernization of complexes, identification of terms of depreciation of the businessmen’s expenses.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):166-172
166-172
Tambov upper-class families in the late 19th - early 20th centuries: social and demographic aspect
Abstract
We actualize the role of a family in the process of becoming a person, reproduction and education of new generations, continuity of cultural and material heritage. We also analyze the main social and demographic parameters of Tambov upper-class families in the late 19th - early 20th centuries on the basis of diverse personalized sources. This allows identifying the types of upper-class family organization of Tambov in accordance with the classification of P. Laslett and studying the generational composition and number of children in the families of this social group in Russian provincial center. The study analyzes the sex ratio problem (heads of families and their age characteristics) and considers the features of family structure and marital relations among different social groups of the higher strata of Tambov society. We conclude that the dominant type of upper-class family organization in Tambov is a small two-generation family in 1890-1910s. This causes a gradual reduction in the average population of upper-class families and their number of children. Nevertheless, the families of the provincial elite continued to maintain patriarchal interfamily relationships based on the primacy of married men.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):173-185
173-185
Protection of motherhood and infancy in the first decade of Soviet government in the Tambov Region (1918-1928)
Abstract
The social policy regarding motherhood and infancy, including the system of social protection of orphans in the Tambov Governorate in the first decade of Soviet government (1918-1928) was specially and comprehensively studied in the context of state, public and private support of the agrarian society. The focus was on the reconstruction of the conformity of the program of maternity and childhood protection proclaimed by the Soviet government at the regional level. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials (archival sources, periodicals, published materials) various little-known aspects of a scientific problem are representatively investigated. We summarize the successful and unsuccessful experience of the formation of a welfare state system and public initiatives of the medical community and women’s departments in provincial Russia, which often had significant differences from metropolitan events and management decisions. A staged organization has been identified of creating subdivisions of motherhood and infancy, the actual care of orphans at the regional and county level, which makes it possible to assess the opportunities and needs of social protection and the care of children in urban and rural society during the chronological period. We clarify the transformation of social institutions in relation to the maternity and childhood, both at the level of the governorate and at the county level. The situation of abandoned children and the social policy of transferring these children to private education are specifically considered, the financial problems associated with the transfer of orphans to childless peasant families are assessed. The main trends of social care for the “children of misfortune”, the motives for helping and supporting them by the local community, collectives of enterprises and state institutions of the period under review are revealed. Conclusions are made about the results and historical regional experience and traditions, peculiarities of supporting motherhood and childhood at the level of the province and counties, which made it possible to successfully reconstruct this social protection system of the new Soviet Russia. Attention is drawn to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and concrete historical manifestations of the social state in the era of social cataclysms (Revolution, Civil War, Antonovschina, New Economic Policy), as well as assessing social and political, social and cultural tendencies of the Soviet government.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):186-197
186-197
The rivalry of the United States and France in the arms market in the Arab countries of the Middle East in the 1970s
Abstract
We consider the US-French interaction in the arms markets of the Arab countries of the Middle East during the period of the Arab-Israeli war of the Doomsday (1973) on the Camp David agreements between Egypt and Israel (1978) and the beginning of the Iran-Iraq war (1980). The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the region since the rise in oil prices from the late 1960s to present day remains a key competition place for the largest military-industrial complexes of Western countries, which primarily include the US and French. It is at this time lays the foundations of their competition. The purpose of the study is to explore the extent to which the activity of Paris, which, as an ally of Washington in NATO, openly collaborated in the supply of weapons systems with Soviet partners in the region, was willingly or unwillingly subordinated to actions or signals from the United States. We came to the conclusion that the lack of fierce competition, as well as countering the close cooperation of France with Libya, Iraq and Egypt, where the French managed to take a strong position compared to the Americans, is due to the fact that Washington tried to tear off the consumers of the Soviet military industrial complex from the USSR or even would weaken their dependence on Moscow in arms procurement.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2019;24(179):198-204
198-204