No 3 (2025)
Vegetable growing
Agronomic pеrformancе of vеgеtablе soybеan grown in thе Moscow rеgion
Abstract
During the 2020-2022 period, a comprehensive evaluation of agronomic characteristics of vegetable soybean (Glycine max L.) was conducted. The work was carried out as part of a joint research project between the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Breeding (FSCV) and the Agro-Biotechnology Department of the Patrice Lumumba Agrarian and Technological Institute at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (ATI RUDN University). Four vegetable soybean samples were evaluated: Sample A, Sample F, Hidaka, and Lira (control). The objective of this research was to identify genotypes with high pod yield, fresh grain yield, and desirable agronomic traits, as well as stability, in the Moscow Region. During the study, at the stage of technical maturity, the following biometric parameters were analyzed: stem thickness (mm), insertion height of the first pod (cm), number of branches per plant (pcs.), number of productive nodes and plant height (cm), duration of the growing season (number of days to technical and biological maturity), and crop structure: number of pods per plant (pcs.), number of seeds per pod (pcs.), fresh weight of pods per plant (g), fresh weight of 1000 seeds (g), and estimated yield of immature seeds (t/ha). The experimental data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a randomized complete block design implemented in InfoStat software. Mean comparisons were performed using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level (α = 0.05). The results showed statistically significant differences for all the agronomic characteristics analyzed. The Sample A sample exhibited the highest fresh weight of 1,000 seeds (442.81 g) and the highest estimated yield of immature seeds (10.43 t/ha); in second place was Sample F, with a fresh weight of 422.23 g per 1,000 seeds and a yield of 9.75 t/ha. The days to technical and biological maturity ranged from 76 to 103 days for the A and F samples, making these varieties attractive for production and use in breeding programs in the study area.
Potato and vegetables. 2025;(3):30-34
30-34
Potato growing
The effectiveness of the use of foliar top dressing in the aftereffect on the formation of the vegetative mass of potatoes
Abstract
The effect of the aftereffect of the use of foliar top dressing on the elements of potato productivity is considered. In 2020-2023, the Kostroma Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution «A.G. Lorkh Potato Research Center», conducted research on the effect of Borotem water-soluble fertilizer on the yield and quality of seed potatoes. In 2021-2023, an experiment was conducted to study the aftereffect of this fertilizer on plant growth and development. The experience was laid in the field crop rotation of LLC Minskoye in the Kostroma region of the Kostroma region. The purpose of the research is to analyze data on the effect of foliar fertilization with Borotem fertilizer in the aftereffect on the formation of the vegetative mass of potatoes. The soil of the experimental site is sod-podzolic, cultivated, medium loamy. The humus content is 1.25-1.5%, the pH is 4.35, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium is 459.3 and 115.4 mg/kg of soil, respectively. Agrotechnics of cultivation are standard for the Kostroma region. In the studies, potato varieties of domestic breeding of different ripeness groups were observed. 6 varieties of FGBNU «A.G. Lorch Potato Plant» were selected: early – Meteor, Zhukovsky early, Luck; middle–early - Cornflower, Handsome, Lukyanovsky. The results of studies conducted in the period from 2021 to 2023 are presented. During the growing season, biometric measurements of plants were carried out in order to identify the aftereffects of fertilizers. The set of economically valuable traits included the length and number of stems of plants. The area of the plot in the experiment was 10.9 m2, the repetition was threefold, and the location of the plots was systematic. The planting scheme is 70×26 cm, planting with a clone planter in cut ridges. According to the results of three years of research, an increase in the length of the stem and an increase in the number of stems in the bush relative to the control were observed in the experimental variants. The length of stems increased by an average of 1.7-7.4% over 3 years, and the number of stems increased by 8.3-19.5%.
Potato and vegetables. 2025;(3):35-38
35-38
Level of mineral nutrition has influence on potato yield and its suitability for processing
Abstract
The article presents the results of tests on the responsiveness of four potato varieties of different ripeness groups of universal purpose (Red Scarlett, Darenka, Nevsky, Grand) to doses and methods of applying mineral fertilizers in sandy loam soils of the Moscow region. The best options over the years of research have been options with the use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N90P90K120and additional leaf treatment with trace elements. Due to three–fold foliar top dressing with Agrovin Micro agrochemicals at a rate of 2.0 l/ha for critical plant growth phases, the greatest increases in biometric indicators, total and marketable yields, dry matter content, starch, and quality indicators of processed products - crispy, fries, and evacuated potatoes were obtained. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the increase in gross yield, depending on the variety, was 3.5-3.6 t/ha or 23.0-25.6% compared with the control. The number of marketable potatoes exceeded this indicator in the control by 30.5-45.5%. The most suitable for processing into fried potato products (crispy potatoes and fries) from the studied varieties were early Red Scarlett and medium-ripened Grand. All other things being equal, the color index of crispy potatoes and French fries in these varieties was higher by 1.0-1.5 points compared to the average early Nevsky variety. The most suitable varieties for vacuum packaging without the use of preservatives were Red Scarlett and Grand. The index of the pulp's resistance to darkening, depending on the shelf life, was higher in these varieties than in the Darenka and Nevsky varieties by 1.2-2.0 points.
Potato and vegetables. 2025;(3):39-44
39-44
Processing
Complex potato processing for starch and by-products on the base of hydrocyclones
Abstract
The article discusses the technical characteristics of potato starch processing equipment produced at the All-Russian Research Institute of Starch and Processing of Starch-containing Raw Materials - branch of the FSBSI «Federal Potato Research Center named after A.G. Lorkh» based on hydrocyclone installations with a capacity of 10 to 500 tons of potato processing per day. Hydrocyclone installations provide starch extraction directly from finely ground potatoes (potato porridge) to produce dry potato starch according to GOST R 53876 - 2010 «Potato starch» and a by-product - a mixture of potato fiber (pulp) and potato juice. The scope of application, technologies for the utilization of potato pulp and potato juice for animal husbandry and fertilizer irrigation, taking into account their chemical composition, are considered. The production facilities of the presented equipment can also be used for processing substandard potatoes, as well as by-products of potato production. It is noted that one of the reasons for the insufficient production of potato starch is the lack of a profitable raw material base in the country, since tubers are processed of poor quality at a high price. To ensure the economic efficiency of potato starch production, the starchiness of potatoes should be at least 19%.Thus, the main direction of increasing the efficiency of processing into starch is to increase the starchiness and yield of tubers. In addition, one of the reserves for an additional increase in potato starch output is the use of production facilities for processing substandard potatoes, as well as by-products of potato production. It was also noted that in order to increase the profitability of potato starch production, it is necessary to create enterprises with greater production capacity, as well as organize the production of modified potato starches with increased consumer demand.
Potato and vegetables. 2025;(3):45-51
45-51
Breeding and seed growing
Feeding with water-soluble fertilizers increases the mini tubers yield
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to study the effect of root and non-root top dressing with water-soluble fertilizers on the productivity and quality of potato microplants grown in an enclosed environment. The research was carried out in 2023-2024 in the summer greenhouses of the Kostroma Research Agricultural Institute Branch of Russian Potato Research Center. The material for the study was improved potato plants of the Ariel variety. The initial plants were used in vitro to initiate the experiment. The plants were planted in 5-liter vessels. The pots were filled with Agrobalt grade C soil based on peat with a moisture content of 65% and an acidity pH of salt extract of 5.6-6.0. The factors studied are chelated water–soluble fertilizers Aquarin 13, 13-41-13+ME, Aquarin 15, 3-11-38+ME, water-soluble fertilizer Monokalium phosphate, with a content of P2O5- 50% and K2O – 33%. The treatment of plants with water-soluble fertilizers led to an increase in plant height according to the experimental variants from 13.7% to 23.6% relative to the control. A different combination of water-soluble fertilizers contributed to an increase in the yield of standard mini-tubers per square meter in all experimental variants compared with the control by a significant amount of 12.3-19.0 pcs. In the Aquarin 13 + Aquarin 15 + Monokalium Phosphate variant, the largest increase in tubers was obtained in the amount of 19 pcs/. When using water–soluble fertilizers, the yield of standard mini-tubers with a diameter of 28-50 mm increases by 0.76 - 1.12 kg/m2 compared to the control. The greatest significant increase (41.3%) was obtained in the variant with Aquarins and Monokalium Phosphate. Experimental studies show that the use of various combinations of water-soluble fertilizers contributed to an increase in the total yield of the number of mini-tubers by 0.9-1.7 leaves per plant (or 19.2-35.3%) compared with the control. The combined use of water-soluble fertilizers Aquarin 13, Aquarin 15 with Monokalium phosphate increases the number of tubers of large and medium fractions, while reducing the number of tubers of small fractions. At the same time, the average weight of mini tubers increases relative to other option.
Potato and vegetables. 2025;(3):52-55
52-55
Evaluation and selection of the starting material for the creation of new eggplant hybrids
Abstract
The work was carried out in the conditions of film greenhouses of the Gavrish breeding and seed center in the Tula region. Biochemical parameters were determined in the Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry, Introduction and Functional Products of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Center for Sociological Education. The study focused on the comparative characteristics of the fruits of 10 lines in terms of the main morphological characteristics, in terms of total antioxidant indicators. In the determination of phenolic compounds (PS) and antioxidants (AO), gallic acid (HA) was used as the standard, the result was expressed in mEq. GK/y. The most saturated dark purple color of the fruits, on the basis of visual assessment, were distinguished by the lines L5, L8, L9. At the same time, the L5 line stood out with the most optimal snow-white pulp. All the samples studied were characterized by the absence of bitterness in the fruit. The color of the fruits of the studied eggplant samples at technical ripeness was purple of varying degrees of manifestation and black-violet. As a result of the research, it was established that the content of anthocyanins in the peel of eggplant fruits is a varietal characteristic. The results of the studies showed that the content of anthocyanins in the peel is different and is in the range of 0.40±0.02 mEq. C3G/g at Line 7 to 5.98±0.20 mEq. C3G/y at Line 9. A high level of anthocyanin accumulation was also noted in the following lines: L1, L5 and L3. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the total content of phenolic compounds in the peel ranges from 0.67±0.03 mEq. GK/g to 2.67±0.10 mEq. HA/g, and in the pulp these indicators were in lower limits and ranged from 0.22±0.02 mEq. GK/g to 1.46±0.06 mEq. GK/y. Taking into account all the studied areas of research, eggplant accessions with a complex of economically valuable traits – L1, L5, L7, L9 were identified for inclusion in the breeding process as a starting material.
Potato and vegetables. 2025;(3):56-60
56-60