Том 8, № 2 (2023)

The articles of researchers from Russia and abroad presented on a special topic of the issue of the journal are considered. The issue is dedicated to the richest cultural heritage of the Turkic peoples, stored in the collections of museums. The study and popularization of this heritage is an important and urgent task facing archaeologists, ethnographers, art historians and museologists. The material presented in the issue is a serious contribution of researchers to the further study of the history and culture of the Turkic peoples.

The article is an overview of the collections on the folk costume of the Tatars, stored in the funds of numerous museums in Russia and Tatarstan. It contains information about the traditional types of upper and lower clothing, shoes and jewelry of the Volga-Ural Tatars (Kazan, Kasimov, Mishars, and Kryashens), as well as similar information on the costume of Astrakhan and Siberian Tatars living on the territory of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to women's costume which characterizes folk arts and crafts to the greatest extent. A significant part of the collections is well passportised, indicating the region of existence, gender and age, and local terminology. The materials of the collections reflect the ethno-local and regional features of traditional clothing. On provision of firm attribution, museum objects have advantages over other historical sources. Artifacts from the early to mid–19^th century and of the earlier period – medieval “imperishable” metal jewelry, leather goods, etc. are of particular value. They serve as a reliable illustration for the reconstruction of pre-national costume variations, which are extremely in demand in modern museum, theater, and ritual practices. When using the synchronous-diachronic methods of comparative historical analysis, museum artifacts considerably contribute to the study of the history of the Tatar costume, which largely reflects the ethno- and cultural genesis of the people as a whole.

This article provides information about the jewelry of the Karakalpak people in the collection of I.V. Savitsky State Museum of Arts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Karakalpak jewelry art is one of the brightest manifestations of the artistic culture of the people. Judging by the specimen preserved in the museum collections, they have much in common with the art of neighboring peoples in terms of names, pattern and form. Simultaneously, some Karakalpak jewelry has original ethnic and artistic features.

The article presents all types of traditional Karakalpak jewelry dating back to the 19^th – 20^th centuries. Women’s jewelry are distinguished by notable features of originality and distinctive character, which testify to the existence of the Karakalpaks’ local school of jewelry art. The style of jewelry art of the Karakalpaks is characterized by integrity, monumentality, archaism of forms, clarity of contours, expressiveness and at the same time laconic decor. In the article, the author classifies the museum’s jewelry collection into the following categories: headdress ornaments; neck-chest ornaments; chest-waist ornaments, and ornaments for hands. The classification of women’s adornments of the Karakalpaks showed the undeniable wealth of their types, shapes and designs. In addition to the Karakalpak folk jewelry collection, information about the jewelry of the Uzbek, Turkmen and Kazakh peoples is also presented.

At the present day, the history of the development of national shoes with leather mosaics has been well studied by researchers. In the given article, the author, using the case study of the Yamashurma village, tries to explain the connection between the Rear-Kazan embroiderers and the entrepreneurs of the Kazan settlements. The stages of formation of artels, which originate from the end of the 19th century, are presented.

For the first time, information was introduced into scientific circulation about the participation of women from the Yamashurma village in the Second All-Russian Exhibition of Small Craftsmen, held in 1913 in St. Petersburg. The article prioritises the sources from the funds of the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Arsk Municipal Archives.

One of the key conditions for the successful development of modern states is human capital. The international approach to calculating the Human Development Index, developed within the framework of the UN Development Program, is unified and does not pay attention to the socio-cultural (ethnic) factor. To assess its significance, the authors of the article carried out a discursive quantitative and qualitative analysis of the "Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Republic of Tatarstan until 2030" and semi-formalized interviews with experts. The purpose of the article: to identify the significance, foundations and meanings of the ethno-cultural component of the human capital of the Republic of Tatarstan and how they are implemented in practice.

The results of the study revealed the high focus of Tatarstan on supporting the ethno-cultural component of the region’s human capital. Such a component is considered to be an indicator of the quality and diversity of the cultural life of the people living in Tatarstan. The republican government aims to develop human capital by supporting creative initiatives, motivating the population to build up creative competencies. The positioning of the republic as a region with international peace and harmony is used by Tatarstan to attract highly developed human capital from other regions and investors to stimulate its development.

The article presents a publication of documents of the late 19th century, which illustrate the policy of the Provincial Government towards of the Tobolsk Province and the fact that they commit the traditional Hajj to Mecca and Medina by the Muslim population and the reaction to the refusal by the Muslim population to wear the volost government attributes, which resembled an Orthodox symbol.

The review provides a detailed and thorough analysis of the work of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Elizaveta Nikolaevna Kvilinkova, dedicated to the Gagauz of Belarus and Moldova. The monograph was written on the basis of various sources and, primarily, the materials from field ethnographic studies conducted using the participant observation method among representatives of the Gagauz community. It is emphasized that the author used a new scientific approach, which made it possible to obtain original results. Elizaveta Kvilnikova studied the Gagauz using methods and approaches typical for such scientific disciplines as ethnology, ethnosociology and ethnopolitical science. She notes that among the Turkic peoples, the Gagauz have long held a unique place. The basis of their ethno-cultural code is Orthodoxy and Turkic background. According to E.N. Kvilinkova, the difficult position of Gagauzia in choosing its cultural and civilizational landmarks lies in the fact that the Balkan identity does not fit into the modern “strategy” of self-preservation of the Gagauz people and is in conflict with their dominant Turkic identity at this stage, with the eastern / Turkish vector of the foreign policy development strategy.