Vol 7, No 2 (2023)

The article presents the stages of development of a professional-oriented foreign language course for students of vocational education on the basis of an integrated approach: 1) studying the needs of students; 2) determining the goals and objectives of the professional-oriented course; 3) developing thematic and subject content; 4) sampling professionally-oriented text in a foreign language; 5) creating conditional speech exercises; 6) creating speech professionally-oriented exercises; 7) developing a professional-oriented essay; 8) reflection.

The process of forming a culture of independent work of a boarding college student and its influence on the development of the personality of students is considered. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of the process of forming a culture of independent work of a student depends on many factors, including the tasks, methods and conditions of education, as well as the structure and content of educational programs. Various models of the formation of a culture of independent work of students are given. The importance of using software and pedagogical support, the method of projects, the implementation of term papers and projects, participation in scientific and practical conferences and the ability of students to effectively present their work to improve the quality of products for the formation of a culture of independent work of a boarding college student is noted.

Learning English often causes difficulties for Russian-speaking pupils and students. This is largely due to the numerous issues associated with the manifestation of language interference. In this work, we highlight the main issues encountered on the way of English language learners. These include: agreement of names in English, the difference between the grammar of languages, the absence of articles in Russian and the presence in English, the omission of untranslatable phrases in Russian, the translation of phrases expressing someone’s belonging to something, the lack of reflection among students and the simplicity of the time system of the Russian language. Having overcome these problems, it will be much easier for students to master the language, therefore, as possible methods of overcoming, we include: a description of the articulation of sounds with visual pronunciation, reading tongue twisters or poems, reading in Russian with an English accent, phonetic exercises, the use of articulation exercises, reading words with last syllable.

The importance of improving legislation is substantiated, taking into account positive foreign experience. A comparative description of the South Korean system and our national characteristics has been carried out, with the potential possibility of adapting this experience. The problems of borrowing foreign experience in the framework of the fight against corruption are considered. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the problem of corruption as a national problem in the modern environment.

The purpose of the work is to attempt to determine the legal nature of an invalid contract. To date, there is no consensus on the issue under research. One category of civilists assures that an invalid contract does not have the quality of an independent legal fact, other scientists give examples to the contrary. In an attempt to understand this issue, the author has put forward and substantiated his own assumption as to whether an invalid contract has an independent legal nature and whether it is a legal fact.

Проанализированы особенности выработки водки и спирта крупными помещиками на территории Центрального Черноземья и ряда прилегающих уездов в конце XIX – начале ХХ века. Охарактеризованы государственные меры поддержки дворянского винокурения как важного элемента экономических взаимоотношений между помещиками и крестьянами. Данные формы поддержки включали в себя, прежде всего, изменения в налогообложении, а также льготное кредитование дворян. Показано, что строительство новых винокуренных предприятий положительно сказывалось на экономике частных имений и доходах помещиков, в то же время оказывая негативное влияние на быт и уровень жизни крестьянского населения, которое спивалось и, в результате, хуже трудилось на земле.

The political aspect of the Czech national liberation movement in Russia of 1914–1917 is considered. The influence of the revolution of 1848 on the development of the Czech national movement is analyzed. The relations of Czech societies and Russian authorities, their development are considered. The assessment of the participation of Czech societies in the formation of military units from the Czechs is given. The opinion of representatives of the Russian military and political leadership on cooperation with societies is researched. The attempts to establish political control over all Czech societies in Russia at the beginning of 1917 and the results of this attempt are analyzed.

This research examines grammatical similarities in the formation of the past tense and the structure of a simple sentence in English, Chinese and Russian. The formation of the past tense in English, Chinese and Russian is discussed, cases of the use of the past tense are indicated. The similarity in structure in the formation of a simple sentence in English and Chinese is shown.

Comparative and translational analysis of phraseological units of English and French languages denoting friendship is carried out. Idioms with semantic shades are considered and compared: “Trust”, “Help”, “Environment”, “Respect”, “Sympathy”. The study aims to analyze their similarity and difference, percentage ratio and degree of intensity, to identify the frequency of their metaphorical use in the language of modern speakers, the role of the type of idiom and the presence of the trope “Comparison” in the level of intensity.

The perception of the phenomenon of war in the worldview of Western man of the 20th century has been studied. The reasons for writing the novel “Slaughterhouse Five, or the Children’s Crusade” by K. Vonnegut are considered. The influence of war on the psyche is singled out, the prerequisites for the perception of war are determined. The conclusion is made about the ambiguous assessment of the war in Western society of the 20th century on the basis of the heterogeneity of Western society at that time.

The specificity of small architectural forms as elements of the urban environment is studied on the example of fountains. The features of their placement and use in the conditions of the organization of modern space are considered. The importance of taking into account the peculiarities of the culture of the settlement and the needs of the residents of the city is noted. The concept of a small architectural form has been planned, which reflects the goals of the project, the needs of the consumer and the features of the designer’s own vision. Preliminary sketches and visualization of the idea by means of 3D modeling were made. The conclusion is made about the need for small architectural forms in recreation areas of city residents using design solutions.

The aim of the research is to study the effect of carbohydrate metabolism in coronavirus infection on the morphological characteristics of deceased and living patients. A retrospective analysis of the data of 97 deceased patients and 26 living patients who had COVID-19 with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus was carried out. During the study, a strange phenomenon was revealed when using oxygen therapy and some hormone-containing drugs. On day 13, a sharp drop in glucose and HbA1C was observed, which led to irreversible processes.