Autonomy Orientations of English Language Teachers in Turkey

封面

如何引用文章

全文:

详细

The present study aimed to explore autonomy orientations of English language teachers' work at an intensive language school in Turkey. The autonomy orientations of the teachers were analysed through self-determination theory. The study also investigated if these orientations vary according to the teachers’ gender, years of experience, and department of graduation. The investigation was carried out through an autonomy orientations questionnaire. Data were collected from 111 language teachers, 11 of whose opinions were utilized for further analysis. The results showed that teachers had moderate autonomy supportive orientation, which was reported to be risky. Moreover, gender was the only variable that had a significant effect on the autonomy orientations. The teachers mainly blamed the education system for restricting their adoption of the autonomous orientations. The results imply the necessity of explicit training on how teachers can be encouraged to have more autonomy supporting orientations.

作者简介

Aslihan Bagci

Bilecik Seyh Edebali University

Email: aslihan.bagci@bilecik.edu.tr
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7058-668X

Belgin Aydin

TED University

Email: belgin.aydin@tedu.edu.tr
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4719-7440

参考

  1. Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Van den Berghe, L., De Meyer, J., & Haerens, L. (2014). Fostering a need-supportive teaching style: Intervention effects on physical education teachers' beliefs and teaching behaviors. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 36(6), 595-609. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0229
  2. Arslan, M., & Akbarov, A. (2010). Türkiye'de yabanci dil öğretiminde motivasyon-yöntem sorunu ve çözüm önerileri [The matter of motivation-method and solution offers in foreign language teaching in Turkey]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 24, 179-191.
  3. Assor, A., Kaplan, H., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Roth, G. (2005). Directly controlling teacher behaviors as predictors of poor motivation and engagement in girls and boys: The role of anger and anxiety. Learning and Instruction, 15(5), 397-413. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2005.07.008
  4. Aydın, B. (2017). Türkiye'de hazırlık okullarında yaşanan sorunlara bir çözüm önerisi: Anadolu Üniversitesi örneği [Solutions for the problems of a preparatory school in Turkey's Anadolu University instance]. Pegem Yayınları.
  5. Aygün, Ö. (2017). A scale of Turkish preparatory school university students' demotivational factors towards learning Englis [Unpublished master's dissertation]. Anadolu University.
  6. Baranovskaya, T., & Shaforostova, V. (2018). Learner Autonomy through Role Plays in English Language Teaching. Journal of Language and Education, 4(4), 8-19.https://jle.hse.ru/article/view/7942.
  7. Black, A. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The effects of instructors' autonomy support and students'autonomous motivation on learning organic chemistry: A self-determination theory perspective. Science Education, 84, 740-756. :6<740::AID-SCE4>3.0.CO;2-3. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-237X(200011)84
  8. British Council. (2015). The state of English in higher education in Turkey: A baseline study. Yorum Basın Yayın Sanayi Ltd.
  9. Broidy, L., Cauffman, E., Espelage, D. L., Mazerolle, P., & Piquero, A. (2003). Sex differences in empathy and its relation to juvenile offending. Violence and Victims, 18(5), 503-516. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1891/088667003780928143
  10. Chirkov, V. I., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and US adolescents: Common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 32(5), 618-635. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032005006
  11. Chudgar, A., & Sankar, V. (2008). The relationship between teacher gender and student achievement: Evidence from five Indian states. Compare, 38(5), 627-642. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920802351465
  12. Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson.
  13. Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Nakamura, J. (1989). The dynamics of intrinsic motivation: A study of adolescents. In R. Ames, & C. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education: Goals and cognitions (pp. 45-71). Academic Press.
  14. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The what and why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  15. Deci, E. L., Betley, G., Kahle, J., Abrams, L., & Porac, J. (1981). When trying to win: Competition and intrinsic motivation. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 7(1),79-83.https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/014616728171012
  16. Deci, E. L., Schwartz, A. J., Sheinman, L., & Ryan, R. M. (1981). An instrument to assess adults' orientations toward control versus autonomy with children: Reflections on intrinsic motivation and perceived competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(5), 642-650.https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.73.5.642
  17. Deci, E., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and Self-Determination in human behavior. Springer Science and Business Media.
  18. Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Erlbaum.
  19. Gardner, Robert C. (1985) Social psychology and second language learning. Edward Arnold.
  20. Griffin, B. W. (2016). Perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation, and student ratings of instruction. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 51, 116-125. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2016.10.007
  21. Güvenç, E. & Güvenç, H. (2014). İlköğretim matematik ile fen ve teknoloji öğretmenlerinin sınıf yönetim biçemleri ve özerklik desteği algıları [Classroom management styles and autonomy support perceptions of primary school mathematics and science and technology teachers]. NWSA-Education Sciences, 9(3), 311-322.
  22. Güvenç, H. (2011). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin özerklik destekleri ve mesleki özyeterlik algıları [Autonomy supports and professional self-efficacy perceptions of classroom teachers]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 17(1), 99-116.
  23. Hargreaves, E. (2014) The practice of promoting primary pupils' autonomy: Examples of teacher feedback, Educational Research, 56(3), 295-309. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2014.934554
  24. Hazaea, A. N., & Alzubi, A. A. (2018). Impact of mobile assisted languagelLearning on learner autonomy in EFL reading context. Journal of Language and Education, 4(2), 48-58. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2018-4-2-48-58
  25. Hofferber, N., Eckes, A., & Wilde, M. (2014). Effects of autonomy supportive vs. Controlling teachers' behavior on students' achievements. European Journal of Educational Research, 3(4), 177-184. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.3.4.177
  26. Hoffman, M. L. (1977). Sex differences in empathy and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 84(4), 712-722. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.84.4.712
  27. Hu, P., & Zhang, J. (2017). A pathway to learner autonomy: a self-determination theory perspective. Asia Pacific Education Review, 18(1), 147-157. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-016-9468-z
  28. Jang, H., Reeve, J., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Engaging students in learning activities: It's not autonomy support or structure, but autonomy support and structure. Journal of Educational Psychology,102(3), 588-600. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019682
  29. Karatas, H., Alci, B., Yurtseven, N., & Yuksel, H. G. (2015). Prediction of ELT students' academic (language) achievement: Language learning orientation and autonomous learning. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(1), 160-171. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2015.01.014
  30. Kozan, M.K., Ergin, C. & Varoglu, D. (2007). Third party intervention strategies of managers in subordinates' conflicts in Turkey. International Journal of Conflict Management, 18(2), 128-147. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1108/10444060710759345
  31. Little, D. (2007) Language Learner Autonomy: Some Fundamental Considerations Revisited. International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 14-29. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2167/illt040.0
  32. Maehr, M. L. (1976). Continuing motivation: An analysis of a seldom considered educational outcome. Review of Educational Research, 46(3), 443-462. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543046003443
  33. Maehr, M. L. (1984). Meaning and motivation: Toward a theory of personal investment. Research on Motivation in Education, 1, 115-144.
  34. McMahon, M. J. (2016) The adoption of a virtual learning environment among digital Immigrant engineering lecturers: A case study. Irish Journal of Academic Practice, 5(1), Article 3. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21427/D78B04
  35. Merchant, K. (2012). How men and women differ: Gender differences in communication styles, influence tactics, and leadership styles. CMC Senior Theses.
  36. Nakata, Y. (2011). Teachers' readiness for promoting learner autonomy: A study of Japanese EFL high school teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(5), 900-910. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.03.001
  37. Oishi, D., Diener, E., Suh, E. M., & Lucas, R. E. (1999). Value as a moderator in subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 915-924. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00051
  38. Opdenakker, M. C., & Damme, J. V. (2007). Do school context, student composition, and school leadership affect school practice and outcomes in secondary education? British Educational Research Journal, 33(2), 179-206. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920701208233
  39. Özkal, N., & Demirkol, A. Y. (2014). Opinions of teachers on the necessity and execution of learners' Autonomy support. Education Sciences, 9(3), 293-310. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12739/NWSA.2014.9.3.1C0619
  40. Peacock, M. (2001). Match or mismatch? Learning styles and teaching styles in EFL. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(1), 1-20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1473-4192.00001
  41. Reeve, J. (2002). Self-determination theory applied to educational setting. In E. L. Deci, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 183-203). University of Rochester Press.
  42. Reeve, J., & Jang, H. (2006). What teachers say and do to support students' autonomy during a learning activity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 209-214. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.98.1.209
  43. Reeve, J., Bolt, E., & Cai, Y. (1999). Autonomy-supportive teachers: How they teach and motivate students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 537-548. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.91.3.537
  44. Reeve, J., Jang, H., Carrell, D., Jeon, S., & Barch, J. (2004). Enhancing students' engagement by increasing teachers' autonomy support. Motivation and Emotion, 28(2), 147-169.https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/f. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MOEM.0000032312.95499.6
  45. Richards, J. C., & Lockhart, C. (1994). Reflective teaching in second language classrooms. Cambridge University Press.
  46. Şakrak-Ekin, G., & Balçıkanlı, C. (2019). Does Autonomy Really Matter in Language Learning? Journal of Language and Education, 5(4), 98-111. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2019.8762
  47. Strober, M. H., & Tyack, D. (1980). Why do women teach and men manage? A report on research on schools. Signs: Journal of women in culture and society, 5(3), 494-503. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1086/493734
  48. Wang, M. T., & Eccles, J. S. (2016). Retracted: Multilevel Predictors of Math Classroom Climate: A Comparison Study of Student and Teacher Perceptions. Journalof Research on Adolescence, 26(3), 617-634. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12153
  49. Wu, X. (2003). Intrinsic motivation and young language learners: The impact of the classroom environment. System, 31, 501 - 517. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2003.04.001
  50. Yeşilyurt, S. (2008). A Self-Determination approach to teaching writing [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Atatürk University.
  51. Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 82-91. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1016

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML


Creative Commons License
此作品已接受知识共享署名 4.0国际许可协议的许可