Vol 5, No 3 (2025)

the article presents a linguistic analysis of the speech etiquette of Prophet Muhammad based on hadiths extracted from four authoritative collections: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawood, and Jami? at-Tirmidhi. The study examines key speech intentions, including greeting, addressing, conversation interruption, and expressions of gratitude. Particular attention is given to the structural and semantic characteristics of these speech acts, their pragmatic significance, and the sociolinguistic factors influencing their realization. Prophet Muhammad’s speech etiquette had a profound impact on secular aspects of life, shaping norms of communication and social interactions within society. His teachings emphasized the necessity of honesty in communication and justice in actions, laying the foundation for ethical standards in both personal and public life. His approach to conflict resolution through dialogue and compromise served as a model for future generations, fostering peaceful coexistence and cooperation. The study analyzes how the Prophet adapted his speech according to his interlocutors, considering their social status, age, and communicative context, ensuring a balance between respect, clarity, and effectiveness in communication. The application of linguistic, discourse, and comparative analysis methods has made it possible to identify distinctive features of the Prophet’s speech, including precision in formulation, moderation in expression, and the use of strategies to prevent conflicts. The findings indicate that Prophet Muhammad’s speech etiquette was based on profound communicative intuition and a nuanced understanding of interpersonal interactions. His communicative models remain relevant in contemporary contexts and can provide valuable insights for studying politeness mechanisms, diplomatic discourse formation, and intercultural communication development.

the focus of this study is the artistic embodiment of psychological insight in the work of A. Akhmetgalieva. The relevance of the topic is determined by the appeal to literary tools that allow you to create artistic images of heroes imbued with subtle psychological content. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features and ways of manifestation of psychologism in the works of A. Akhmetgalieva. The study allowed us to determine that the use of psychological insight techniques by the author in each specific case is due to the peculiarities of the content, which required exactly such a psychological disclosure of character, building an image of a person. Through the description of psychology, human experiences, and his spiritual world, A. Akhmetgalieva seeks to draw attention to topical issues of our time: immorality, alcoholism, drug addiction, loss of generational continuity in the family, loss of faith and religiosity.

this article is devoted to the peculiarities of the use of hyperbole in the English-language journalistic discourse and public speeches of the politician Donald Trump. The article is based on a contextual analysis of English-language articles, which revealed the features of the use of hyperboles in political discourse, as well as the purpose of their use in the speech of a certain politician. The study revealed that Donald Trump often uses a wide range of hyperbolic expressions to increase the emotionality of his own speech, as well as to influence mass consciousness.

in the context of globalization, the goal of English teaching has shifted to cultivating talents in cross-cultural communication and international communication. This study focuses on integrating the textbook “Understanding Contemporary China” into college English classes to achieve the integration of culture and language teaching. By setting teaching goals of language ability, cultural awareness and international communication ability, using situational teaching, cooperative learning, task-driven and other methods, designing teaching links covering introduction, knowledge explanation, classroom activities, summary and expansion, and adopting a combination of formative and summative evaluation methods. At the same time, it focuses on teaching reflection, aiming to cultivate talents with cross-cultural communication and international communication capabilities and promote the international dissemination of Chinese culture.

the article examines the evolution of metaphorical models of Russia's representation in The Washington Post columnist for the period from 2000 to 2024. Based on the material of 300 opinion articles, a comprehensive analysis of changes in the connotative meanings of metaphors using the methods of cognitive linguistics and critical discourse analysis was carried out. The main metaphorical models ("Russia as an empire", "Russia as an aggressor", "Russia as an uncivilized country", "Russia as a chess player") are identified and systematized, their dynamics are traced at four historical stages (2000-2008, 2009-2012, 2013-2021, since 2022). A gradual increase in the share of negatively evaluative metaphorical models has been established from 30% at the beginning of the period to 80% by 2024. A stable correlation has been proven between the frequency of alarmist metaphors and the aggravation of Russian-American relations, especially in the context of international crises (the Georgian-Russian conflict in 2008, the events in Ukraine in 2014, the beginning of a special military operation in 2022). The role of metaphorical representation as an active mechanism for constructing international political realities and an essential factor influencing the perception of Russia by the American political class and society as a whole is demonstrated. The research contributes to understanding the mechanisms of media interaction and manipulation of public consciousness through metaphorical modeling of the image of another country, and also opens up prospects for further study of the role of linguistic means in international communication.

the article is devoted to the study of the perception of the 1917 revolution in Russia in modern Russian public opinion. The article uses the data of sociological research of the several Funds for comparison with our own research. The studies carried out allow us to confirm and clarify a number of conclusions of earlier surveys, as well as determine new trends in public opinion regarding the 1917 revolution and a number of historical persons that are inextricably linked with this historical event. Indicative is the interest of the Russian population in the revolution that followed the civil war and historical figures in comparison with other events in the history of the USSR, in general by audience and depending on belonging to the age group, where these events are inferior only to such events as the "Great Patriotic War", "Launch of the first satellite and flight into space by Yu. Gagarin" and "Olympics in Moscow in 1980". Interesting data measured the level of positive and negative assessment of the revolution and, as it turned out, more important – neutral attitude, as well as the attitude of Russians to such figures as Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin and persons who are associatively opposed to the image of the revolution and these historical figures – Nicholas II, A.I. Solzhenitsyn, A.D. Sakharov. The results of the study demonstrate that, despite the narrative in the media field and in contrast to modern film production and a number of works of art, including in large numbers timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the revolution in Russia, mostly negativizing the images of the revolution itself and its leaders, in the mass consciousness in Russia there was a reverse process – an increase in interest, a decrease in negativity and an increase in positive attitudes. In this context, we can talk about a certain protest of the mass consciousness on the proposed installations, where directed media and immediate communications become a zone of interference between imperative and protest communications.

The article studies the system of Chechen versification. The history of the issue and the opinions of various scholars are considered in detail: H. Oshaev, Z.K. Malsagov, Z. Dzhamalkhanov, Ya. Vagapov, Sh. Arsanukayeva and Kh. Turkayeva. The authors of the article draw on folklore and authorial material for a comprehensive analysis. The issue of the discrepancy between the syllabo-tonic system of versification and the structure and specifics of the phonetics and grammar of the Chechen language is raised. According to the authors, the main obstacles to the integration of Chechen poetry into this system are such features of the Chechen language as fixed stress, the ratio of long and short syllables, a more stable word order in a sentence compared to the Russian language, etc. The features of the foot, dactylic and trochaic forms of Chechen verse are considered. The authors emphasize the controversial nature of the issue of the syllabo-tonic system in Chechen poetry, and provide arguments in favor of the syllabic principle of the structure of a poetic work in Chechen poetry, which more organically correlates with the phonetic and morphological-syntactic characteristics of the Chechen language.

the article considers syntactical stylistic devices which reveal the images of characters in the novel «The Last Song» written by the American writer Nicholas Sparks. The stylistic syntax allows the writer to convey the emotions and feelings of the characters, focusing the reader’s attention on them, helping to better understand the feelings of the characters. To achieve the purpose of the study a selection of examples, containing syntactical stylistic devices that convey the emotional and psychological state of the characters of the analysed novel, was made. The research methodology is represented by the method of continuous sampling, the communicative-pragmatic method and the method of contextual analysis. As a result of the study, an emotional and psychological image of two characters in the novel was formed – terminally ill pianist Steve and his daughter Ronnie. Through syntactical stylistic devices, among which the frequent use of anaphora and parallel constructions was noted, the writer focuses the reader’s attention on how differently both characters perceive Steve’s illness. Steve comes to a kind of calm and peaceful perception quite quickly, while his life continues to be filled with various desires, but his daughter experiences a wider range of feelings and emotions, including fear, anger and guilt.

in the provided article we gave a justification to games journalism and games critique as phenomena. To achieve that, we reviewed the literature on the subject of games journalism both in Russia and abroad. We provided factoids from games journalism's history to contextualize certain patterns and trends. Target audience of game's journalism is thoroughly analyzed, after which we created a new classification of plates as potential audiences of game's journalism and some of them are singled out as more or less likely to engage with gaming critique. The nomination of "gaming critique" is given and defined. Genre structure of games journalism is described thoroughly. The most relevant genres for study are defined. We determined the positioning of the review genre among other informational and analytical ones. Using theory of journalism and PR structure and issues of games journalism are identified. Game critique concepts from the perspective of game studies are introduced and analyzed. Based on our analysis of the goals, functions, history and audience of games journalism we came to a conclusion of the importance of games criticism in the area.

the article analyzes linguistic and linguocultural aspects of linguistic means of creating the image of a national headscarf in the novel by Fazu Aliyeva "A lump of earth will not be carried away by the wind". The national symbolism of the headscarf image is determined. The image of the national headscarf is given in the article as a complex of the following components: the image of a mother's headscarf, the image of a young girl's headscarf, the image of a widow's headscarf. One of the most striking and touching images of the novel is the image of the mother of the lyrical hero. A handkerchief plays an important role in revealing the image of the mother in the novel. In a literary text, this image represents a whole system of text units. It provides a holistic view of the hero, performing a plot-forming function. The headscarf is a key artistic detail. It is used by the author as a stylistic device.

the article examines the functional features of Orientalism in the Turkish language, including borrowings from Arabic and Persian. It analyzes their lexicosemantic nature and role in the formation of modern Turkish. The main focus is on identifying Arabisms, Persianisms, and other Eastern borrowings, as well as their systematic description and classification into various lexicosemantic categories. The research is based on a descriptive method with elements of comparative analysis, which allows for a deeper understanding of the semantic processes characteristic of Orientalism. The article emphasizes that ancient borrowings from the Arabic language have firmly entered the lexical system of Turkish and are actively used in both spoken and literary speech. The results of the study have both scientific novelty and practical significance, contributing to a better understanding of the influence of Eastern languages on Turkish and its dialects.

this article is an analysis of a reality show created in Dagestan in order to determine its compliance with its format and stated goals. The research focuses on identifying specific genre features that distinguish this show from the generally accepted models of reality television. The analysis examines the features of the narrative structure, the plot construction techniques used, as well as the influence of the cultural context of Dagestan on the formation of the genre characteristics of the program. The results of the study allow us to determine the place of this project in the broader context of the development of reality TV as a genre.

the article discusses word formation, in particular the formation of complex words in the Azerbaijani language. The formation of complex words plays an important role in the development of the Azerbaijani language. These words are formed in various ways and enrich the structure of the language. Especially as a result of the interlanguage impact, some complex words have gone through the calque process. This article will explore the structure of complex words in the Azerbaijani language, their formation according to the calque model and their comparison with other world languages. Complex words in the Azerbaijani language are based on various grammatical models. In particular: 1. Complex words formed using plural prefixes and possessive endings, such as interlanguage, international, interstate, etc. 2. Words formed using case and verb endings, such as gul?b?nz?r, ?ayab?nz?r, insanab?nz?r, etc. 3. Complex words formed with the help of a negative prefix, such as adamaox?amaz, a??lag?lm?z, g?z?g?r?nm?z, etc. In the process of calque, the concept borrowed from another language is adapted to the existing model of the Azerbaijani language. This process took place not only under the influence of the Russian language, but also other world languages. Some complex words in the Azerbaijani language were studied and compared with similar structures in Russian and English.