Vol 8, No 4 (2025)

introduction: the sociological study of the identification foundations of entrepreneurial culture has a very important epistemological and heuristic significance for modern Russian society. The obtained sociological information makes it possible to form the basis for optimal interaction between government authorities and the business community, which is especially important in today's difficult conditions and Western sanctions pressure. In this context, it is qualitative empirical research that has the necessary scientific and practical potential in modern Russian conditions, in particular, the in-depth interview method. A comprehensive study of various aspects of the daily life and work of Russian entrepreneurs allows us to objectively characterize the positions of the state and the business community in order to find consensus and overcome tensions and contradictions in mutual relations. Methodology and research methods. The concept of the author's research is based on the provisions of P.A. Sorokin's theory of social and cultural dynamics. The methodological basis of the study was also formed by the concept of representative culture of F. Tenbrook, developed by L.G. Ionin, as well as L.G. Ionin's model of identification and staging. The empirical method used in the course of research (the in-depth interview method) is based on the theoretical and methodological developments of G. Garfinkel's ethnomethodology and A. Schutz's phenomenology. Research results and discussion. It has been established that the identification system of Russian entrepreneurs continues to be in an ambiguous and contradictory state at the present stage. Based on the provisions of L.G. Ionin's theory on the genesis and development of cultural/subcultural forms, it is currently not possible to assert that the formation of the doctrinal core of Russian entrepreneurial culture has been completed. The recession that followed the initial social interest and surge in activity in the 1990s led to the formation of an identification "eclecticism" of the business community, which is reflected in the inner world of entrepreneurs, in the business models used, often illegal. In these conditions, systematic theoretical and empirical sociological research is needed, aimed at finding the content and forms of consensus between the needs and interests of society, government and the business community. The image of modern Russian entrepreneurial culture is in the process of formation (the identification aspect clearly demonstrates this). This has an impact on many social problems directly or indirectly related to the business community and its culture.

the article examines current problems of life self-realization of Russian youth in the context of modern socio-economic and cultural transformations. The main barriers and opportunities for personal development of young people are analyzed, including digitalization of society, changes in the labor sphere, value orientations and social mobility. The study is based on an integrated approach using sociological methods of analysis. Key factors influencing youth self-realization processes are identified, and directions for optimizing conditions for personal development in modern Russian society are proposed.

in modern conditions, the formation and management of industrial chains is increasingly developing, which is due to the advantages that each participant in the chain and the economy as a whole receive. The purpose of the article is to identify the areas of influence of digitalization on the formation and management of industrial chains. To achieve this goal, the concept and main characteristics of industrial chain management were considered. Digital technologies influencing the formation and management of industrial chains (artificial intelligence and machine learning, augmented and virtual reality, robotics and automation, the Internet of Things, big data, blockchain, additive manufacturing) are systematized, examples of their use in the formation of an industrial chain are shown. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that for the first time the concept of a "digital industrial chain" was identified and formulated, which is proposed to be understood as a system of interrelated processes and participants united using digital technologies to create, produce, distribute and deliver goods or services. The main components of the digital industrial chain (design and development, production, logistics and supplies, sales and marketing, service and support), its advantages for enterprises, industries, consumers, the state and the economy as a whole are identified.

the present study is based on the consideration of the concept of a participatory approach in terms of management strategy, the involvement of stakeholders in promising programs of external corporate social responsibility of the company and public structures from the point of view of the practical significance of such programs. We see a practical approach to the implementation of CSR in the application of a participatory approach in the field of ECSR in the aspect of stakeholder interaction, which activates activities that have a beneficial effect on the economic sustainability of the company and its development. Objective: To consider the strategy of participatory management in the ECSR as a factor of stakeholder interaction. The study is based on the practical results of statistical testing. Participatory management strategies in the ECSR form a positive sustainability in the management strategy. Methods: when writing this article, the method of analyzing scientific papers and articles by foreign authors on this topic was used. The study took into account various points of view on this problem, and carried out a systematic analysis of the issues of working and social relations between the enterprise and society. The issues of external corporate responsibility were considered in the works of the following scientists: Moura-Leite, Padgett, Kotler, Armstrong, Alexich, Berber, Grigoruta, Latapi-Aguelo, etc. Results: The analysis of the strategy of participatory management in the ECSR as a factor of stakeholder interaction is carried out. The problems of ECSR and innovations in the component of corporate governance are revealed. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, ways to implement a participatory management strategy in the ECSR at enterprises are considered and proposed.

in the modern realities of the rapid growth of information volumes and the increasing value of knowledge as a strategic resource, organizations need a special approach to storing, processing and managing large amounts of data from various sources – from customer transactions to IoT sensors. Choosing the right database architecture becomes a key factor in the success of an enterprise, contributing to the achievement of long-term strategic business goals. Objective: to identify the relationship between the choice of database architecture and the ability of an organization to achieve its strategic goals in the era of big data. Methods: in the course of the research, a systematic analysis, a comparative approach, and a review of modern research in the field of knowledge management and databases were used by the following Russian scientists: M.N. Titova, E.M. Ilyinskaya, V.A. Plotnikov, S.P. Koida, I.L. Avdeeva, M.M. Aliyev, A.I. Bolonin, K.M. Ismailova, O.V. Manukhina and Ya.V. Mishchenko, etc. Results: the study examines the role and importance of various database architectures, such as relational, NoSQL and hybrid systems; analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each model in relation to various business tasks, including improving the efficiency of decision-making processes. Conclusion: practical recommendations are given on choosing the optimal database architecture based on the specifics of the organization's activities.

capital structure formation is still a relevant topic both for the scientific community and for the top management of companies making decisions about its change. This article analyzes the main theories of capital structure, which describe most companies’ behavior in terms of capital structure formation. First of all, the article by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller was considered, which laid the foundation for capital structure studies. The static trade-off theory and the pecking order theory were also considered. In addition, the theory of agency costs and the theory of market timing were presented as well. Objective: to explain the actions of Russian IT companies to attract additional capital within the framework of one of the presented theories of capital structure and define their current strategy. Methods: the study used the method of analyzing the financial performance of companies and scientific literature. Results: an analysis of the financial performance of Russian IT companies (VK, Yandex) was conducted. First of all, the change in the debt-to-equity ratio of each company was analyzed. The analysis used the companies' performance for 2023 and 2024. The recent capital raising activities of the companies and their goals were analyzed as well. Conclusion: as a result of the analysis, it was revealed that VK's debt-to-equity ratio has significantly increased, and the recent additional share issuance is aimed at optimizing the company's capital structure by the top management. VK's behavior can be explained by the static trade-off theory. In Yandex’s case, the top management claims that there is no need to optimize the capital structure. However, Yandex has announced the issuance of bonds to raise funds. In this scenario, the company's behavior is better explained by the pecking order theory.

the article examines the main challenges and opportunities associated with the adaptation of the state innovation system to new realities. In the context of increasing external restrictions and technological alienation due to sanctions pressure in 2024-2025, the problem of rethinking the model of creation and transfer of innovations in the Russian economy is particularly acute. Special attention is paid to the transition from an export-oriented development strategy to a platform logic based on self-organization, territorial and intersectoral cooperation and diversification of technological paths. This article presents an analysis of new approaches to innovation management in highly uncertain environments where flexibility, adaptability, and strategic independence are very important. The necessity of forming semantic solutions, as well as technical solutions capable of ensuring the sustainable development of regions and industries, is shown.

the article presents a comprehensive analysis of modern methods for assessing territorial risks, revealing the theoretical and practical aspects of risk identification, assessment and management in various socio-economic systems. Methodological approaches to the analysis of natural, man-made and anthropogenic risks in order to ensure the safety and sustainable development of territories are considered, as well as the use of basic methods for assessing territorial risks: scenario analysis, expert assessment method, risk modeling, risk matrix method, geoinformation systems, risk mapping and statistical analysis. A detailed analysis is presented for each method, including the theoretical foundations, the algorithm of application, advantages and limitations. The study was carried out as part of the implementation of the initiative research No. 124041100052-8 of the state registration in the USISRR of SRDTWCP.

modern organizations face the need to rethink traditional approaches to personnel management in the context of the active entry of representatives of generations Y and Z into the labor market. Their value orientations and professional expectations form new requirements for corporate practices. However, national mentality and cultural traditions continue to have a significant impact on the effectiveness of HR strategies, which casts doubt on the possibility of creating a universal management model.This problem acquires particular significance in high-tech industries, where competition for talented specialists requires the development of innovative HR strategies that take into account both global trends and national-cultural specifics. Objective: аnalysis of the influence of cultural factors on the management of representatives of generations Y and Z. Methods: сomparative analysis of management practices based on Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions model, as well as a review of scientific publications in electronic databases. Results: despite common trends such as demand for digitalization and flexibility, the methods of implementing HR strategies differ significantly in different countries. In Japan, adaptation to new generations occurs evolutionarily, while preserving traditional values of collectivism and hierarchy. In China, strict management approaches are combined with aggressive technology implementation, reflecting a results-oriented orientation. In Russia, there is a contradictory dynamics: on the one hand, there is a growing demand for Western management models, on the other hand, the influence of informal relations and authoritarian traditions persists. Conclusion: the creation of a completely universal management model seems unlikely, however, the development of flexible systems integrating global trends while considering local specifics (glocalization) can become a key success factor. Special importance is given to taking cultural characteristics into account when managing personnel in high-tech industries, where creativity and employee engagement directly depend on their perception of corporate culture.

the article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current features of state support for entrepreneurial activity in Russia. It examines the key transformations in support mechanisms driven by digitalization, changes in the economic environment, and the need to adapt to new challenges. The main focus is on the shift from direct financing to indirect incentive instruments, the development of digital ecosystems and platforms, and the increasing targeting and segmentation of support measures. The study analyzes the problems and barriers that reduce the effectiveness of state aid, in particular, information gaps and insufficient coordination at the regional level. The main directions of state policy in the field of support for small and medium-sized enterprises are systematized. Based on the analysis, practical proposals are formulated to improve the state support system, including increasing its accessibility through digital channels, developing comprehensive programs for priority sectors, and creating an effective performance monitoring system.

the article examines the current processes of privatization of water transport facilities in 2022-2024 in Russia. Almost half of the privatized water transport facilities were previously municipally owned, about a third were federally owned, and around 20% were regionally owned. The main form of selling water transport facilities during the privatization process was electronic auctions (over 60%). The increase in the total value of privatized water transport facilities amounted to one-fifth of the initial total value of the facilities.

this article is devoted to the study of the legal aspect in the process of commercialization of innovations. The article provides an analysis of innovation activity in the Russian Federation with special attention to the field of oil refining and petrochemistry. The role of various participants in the commercialization process is analyzed: research institutes, industrial enterprises, investors, intermediaries and government agencies. Examples of successful commercialization of innovations in oil refining and petrochemistry are given, demonstrating the potential of the industry. The mechanisms of securing intellectual property rights related to innovative products are considered. The choice of the most optimal way to protect intellectual property rights is analyzed, depending on the specifics of innovation and the market. The weaknesses of the legal regulation of the commercialization of innovations in the Russian Federation are revealed. It is noted that there is a need to improve the regulatory framework to stimulate investment in innovation and ensure effective protection of intellectual property rights.

the article examines the key features of the socio-economic development of small towns in the Republic of Dagestan in modern conditions. The main factors influencing the economic condition of small urban settlements are analyzed, the problems and prospects of their development are identified. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data and sociological surveys of the population of small towns in the region. The methodological framework includes a comprehensive analysis of official statistics from Rosstat for the period 2019-2024, data from regional ministries and departments, as well as the results of a sociological survey of residents of small towns aged 18 to 65 years. The sociological research was conducted by means of a questionnaire in 23 small towns using a multi-stage random sample. Representativeness was ensured by observing proportions by age group, level of education, and socio-economic status of the respondents. The sampling error does not exceed 3.2% with a 95% confidence interval.

аlong with the rapid evolution of the digital economy, the paradigm of enterprise economic management is undergoing a comprehensive transformation and requires innovation. In this article, we first systematically analyse the typical features of the digital economy and clarify its comprehensive penetration into the modern enterprise management system in order to build a theoretical foundation for further research. Second, based on an analysis of the functioning of the current enterprise economic management paradigm, the article summarises the bottlenecks and limitations in the process of digital, intelligent and network transformation, and provides target guidelines for a new path of innovation. The article then builds a multidimensional plan for innovating the management paradigm in the digital economy, covering aspects such as data-driven decision support mechanisms, intellectual work and process reengineering strategies, the data management structure of the enterprise's intellectual ecology, innovation-oriented organisational ecological cultivation, etc., and aimed at improving the efficiency of organisational work, strengthening strategic sustainability and stimulating continuous innovation dynamics. Finally, this article presents a promising view of the evolution of digital economic management models with an emphasis on the strategic value of dynamic learning mechanisms and flexible adaptation capabilities, with the aim of realising two-way interaction between breakthroughs in economic management theory and the deepening of practice.

the article examines the features and assesses the level of effectiveness of such a flexible project management tool in the oil and gas industry as cross-functional teams. In particular, as a result of an in-depth qualitative bibliographic analysis, key trends characteristic of the current stage of development of the described problem were formulated. Against the background of the high degree of effectiveness of cross-functional teams in the project activities of oil companies, there are also a number of important problems for management practitioners that require attention from the scientific community. These include a high level of cultural resistance from conservatively minded employees, a low level of specialist mobility, work overload, inefficiency of the team due to bureaucracy, as well as an insufficient level of management competencies of the team leader. Scientific study of the identified problems will significantly intensify the process of project management in modern oil and gas enterprises, which are of critical importance for any national economy.

objective: to specify (disclose) the implementation of the HR management mechanism at the organizational level, taking into account possible personnel risks and threats of adverse events to ensure economic security. Methods: in the course of the research, methods of analysis and generalization of scientific research, comparison, deduction were used. Results: the study schematically presents the implementation of the HR management mechanism as a process based on rules and measures, taking into account possible personnel risks and threats of adverse events to ensure the stable operation of an economic entity. Personnel management is proposed to be carried out through the performance of certain functions using tools for financial and moral incentives and individual characteristics of employees. Conclusions: the represented mechanism of personnel management will not only increase the quality and motivation of labor resources, but also mitigate personnel risks to the economic security of an economic subject, which is an important contribution to its provision at the organizational level.

this study is grounded in the fundamental theories and core development patterns of the digital economy, and provides an in-depth analysis of the strategic environmental changes and decision-making challenges faced by enterprises and organisations in the digital economy era.Based on this theoretical analysis, we have systematically constructed a strategic decision-making framework system tailored to the characteristics of the digital economy. This system aims to deeply integrate the core principles of the digital economy (such as data-driven, network effects, platform-based operations, and agile iteration) into the decision-making process to enhance the strategic response capabilities and competitiveness of organisations in complex digital ecosystems.Furthermore, in order to clarify the practical application scenarios and policy background of this decision-making system, this paperclosely combines the current global research frontiers and development trends in digital economy theory,comprehensively sorts out and lists thekey digital economy policy measures formulated and implemented by different levels of entities, such as international organisations, regional economies (e.g. the EU and ASEAN) and single-nation states (e.g. China and the US).These measures cover multiple core dimensions, including data governance, platform regulation, digital infrastructure construction, digital skill development, cybersecurity, and promoting innovation and fair competition. Together, they form the global governance landscape and policy toolkit for addressing the opportunities and challenges of the digital economy, providing important external environmental references and policy basis for the practical implementation of the aforementioned strategic decision-making system.

the article examines the main factors influencing consumer behavior when interacting with digital restaurant business platforms. Based on the results of previous studies in the context of the development of modern digital technologies, a significant increase in the number of users using online platforms to select a restaurant or deliver finished products was revealed. One of the main problems is a significant number of refusals to make a purchase, which may indicate a number of factors influencing guest behavior. The purpose of the work is to identify trends and preferences of users in the digital environment, as well as identify bottlenecks in the digital customer journey. The research methodology includes the analysis of data obtained from the YUMA restaurant automation ecosystem in the period from August 2024 to January 2025. The empirical material covers website visit statistics, user session duration, conversion and bounce rates, differentiated by device type and browser. Data analysis showed the dominant role of mobile devices, especially on pre-holiday and holiday days. The results showed that the average time spent on the site from a PC is 20% higher than from smartphones, while the conversion rate via mobile devices is 3 times higher than for PCs. The results of these studies highlight the need to optimize and improve primarily mobile versions of restaurant sites and applications, as well as to develop personalized offers to increase the competitiveness of the restaurant business in the context of digitalization.

the article examines the role of the platform concept as a key factor in ensuring sustainable development of modern business structures. In the context of global digitalization and strengthening of the ESG agenda, traditional management models face new challenges, which actualizes the search for innovative approaches to organizing economic activity. Platform transformation is considered as a system-forming process that allows companies to rebuild the institutional configuration, optimize the use of resources and create new value through network interactions. The essence of platform business models, their ability to generate network effects and adapt to a changing external environment are analyzed. The author's conceptual model SUST (Sustainable, Uniting, Self-Transformed) is presented, which systematizes the key characteristics of sustainable platform ecosystems and acts as a management framework for their design and evaluation. Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign cases, both the advantages and risks of the platform economy are identified, including the "rebound effect" and labor precarization. The thesis is substantiated that digital platforms are a powerful but ambivalent tool whose contribution to sustainable development directly depends on balanced regulation and responsible management practices.

the article examines the processes of transformation of the Russian pharmaceutical market under the influence of macroeconomic factors during the period 2020–2025. The relevance of the study is determined by the changes in the structure of supply and demand in the pharmaceutical market under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, as well as sanction pressure. Purpose: to characterize the current state of the Russian pharmaceutical market, identify key trends in its development, and determine the prospects for import substitution in the segment of innovative drugs. Methods: the study is based on the analysis of statistical data, scientific literature, and regulatory documents, as well as the application of SWOT analysis to assess the consequences of sanction pressure on domestic manufacturers. The article presents the results of analyzing the dynamics of the pharmaceutical market in value and physical terms, considers changes in the structure of the retail and public segments, import substitution trends, and the reconfiguration of supply chains. Special attention is given to the diversification of external supplies, the role of India and China as key partners, and state policy in supporting localization of production and R&D. Results: the study highlights the accelerated growth of generics and biosimilars, the increasing trust of doctors and patients in domestic drugs, the diversification of logistics routes, and the formation of new partnerships with friendly countries. Conclusion: the transformation of the Russian pharmaceutical market is evolutionary in nature. In the coming years, generics and biosimilars will play the leading role, while the formation of the innovative drug segment will develop gradually, supported by the state, the deepening of production localization, and the expansion of international partnerships.