No 2 (2025)

this article is devoted to the changes of gender vocabulary in modern Russian language due to the rapid development of society and frequent interlingual contacts. With the rise of women's status, the emergence of new professions and globalization, the Russian gender vocabulary tends to diversify, neutralize and cross-gender use. The aim of this study is to analyze in depth the main trends of these changes and their motives, to examine their impact on Russian language teaching and translation practice, and to propose appropriate teaching strategies and translation methods. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it not only reveals the internal regularities and external motives of gender lexical changes in the Russian language, but also, combining theoretical discussions with the analysis of specific cases, provides new theoretical justification and practical recommendations for Russian language teaching and translation, contributes to the in-depth development of Russian language research and innovations in language teaching practice.

this article examines the features of folklore stable verbal complexes use in police slang using the example of the English, Russian and Chinese languages. The issue of folklore verbal complexes influence on policeman image formation and law enforcement agencies corporate culture in the minds of ordinary people inside particular culture is touched upon. Since slang is a special form of language used to express specific concepts and ideas in a certain social group, the relevance of this study is due to the need to study the cross-cultural aspect of the formation and functioning of police slang, which may be associated with the influence of folk traditions on the professional language of employees. This allows us to better understand the mechanisms of slang expressions formation and development, their semantics and functions in the context of professional communication. The material for the study was the media images of police officers created in the TV series: "In the Name of the People" / "?????" (China), "Chicago Police" / "Chicago, D.P.", "Law and Order" / "Law & Order" (USA), "Glukhar", "Mentovskie Wars" and "Secrets of the Investigation" (Russia). The study materials can be used for further research of folklore and cultural traditions in the countries of the presented languages, as well as a more in-depth study of professional communication, including oral speech, in different countries. Besides the research is needed for conducting a comparative analysis of folklore units used in the law enforcement agencies professional slang in order to identify the main patterns and conceptual spheres.

the article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the artistic embodiment of the theme of growing up and the image of a teenager in the works of the modern Russian writer Elena Gabova. The purpose of the work is to identify the specifics of the individual author's reflection of the theme of growing up in the problematic and poetics of the novels of the author. The goal presupposes the existence of such tasks of this research as the study of the problems of Elena Gabova's work and the analysis of methods for revealing the problem of growing up in the author's work. The need to study and popularize the work of Elena Gabova, whose works are devoted to a key topic for teenagers and their parents – the topic of growing up – determines the relevance of the research. Elena Gabova's books raise important issues related to adolescence: the moral choice between good and evil, self-acceptance, adequate self-esteem of a growing person, loneliness of a teenager and misunderstanding by adults. The article analyzes literary techniques that reveal these problems, as well as the plots of the works themselves. The means of expression and the features of the composition of the works are indicated, which help to reveal the problems and psychology of the characters. The popularity and relevance of Elena Gabova's books among the teenage readership is noted. The presentation of the research results of such a poorly studied author as E. Gabova, and their analysis determines the scientific novelty of this work. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of university teaching of the discipline "Children's Literature"; in the work of scientific and methodological seminars, scientific and practical laboratories, as well as events organized by children's libraries for educational and popularization purposes; in extracurricular reading lessons at school.

the article is devoted to the study of introductory words, combinations and sentences in the linguistic context of unrelated languages: Russian and Ingush. The analysis examines the diverse opinions of scientists of the last century, comparing their views with the positions of modern linguists. Both differential and integral features of the use of introductory constructions in languages with different structures are revealed, the syntactic type of introductory words, combinations and sentences is determined. The purpose of the study is to identify similarities and differences in the functioning of introductory elements in the languages under consideration. Based on this goal, it is necessary to solve the main task: to determine the syntactic type of introductory elements in multi-structured languages. The scientific novelty of the article is seen in the fact that with an integrated approach to the study of introductory words, combinations and sentences, the differential and integral properties of introductory elements of unrelated languages are interpreted and justified based on a number of research methods.

English discourse is a model of linguistic actualization of such a cultural category as the national value of Great Britain. The value-semantic space of the phenomenon under study is formed through the prism of national consciousness, as well as vital, civil, political, confessional and cultural self-identification of English-speaking peoples. Despite multiculturalism, which saturates and permeates the language more actively and more densely every year, there are traditional attitudes and basic meanings of the British, the conceptual sphere of which is concentrated in the constitutive features of their speech activity. The value-marked discourse is based on the national peculiarities of the language of English-speaking communicants, concentrated in socio-historical and cultural traditions, the semantic space of which focuses on ideas about the priority moral and moral attitudes of the people. Thus, the conceptual sphere of the semantic space of English discourse consists of national values that act in speech as socio-cultural regulators that have a direct impact on the formation of linguistic specificity over the centuries of the country's history. Due to the constitutive features of the English language and such a culturological category of the value-semantic space of discourse as national values, it is possible to determine the ideological principles, the level of education, the territory of residence of the communicant and even what social class is inherent in it.

the article examines the impact of discursive practices on social networks on the development of modern language. Based on a comprehensive analysis, including content analysis of posts, linguistic-stylistic analysis, and statistical modeling, key trends in the transformation of language under the influence of digital communication have been identified. The results demonstrate active incorporation of new lexical units (lexical renewal ratio – 0.37), simplification of syntactic constructions (lexical diversity index – 0.52), increased emotionality, and expressiveness of statements. The obtained data contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of linguistic evolution in the digital age and open perspectives for further sociolinguistic research.

the article is dedicated to exploring the conceptual fields of "intelligence" and "stupidity" in English linguistic culture and their impact on intercultural communication. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of considering culturally specific concepts when communicating between representatives of different linguistic cultures. The aim of the research is to identify the key components of the concepts "intelligence" and "stupidity" in the English language and determine their role in intercultural interaction. The study employed methods of conceptual analysis, associative experiments, and contextual analysis using materials from various types of discourse. The empirical basis consisted of survey data from 350 English native speakers and 500 usage contexts of the key lexemes. It was established that in English linguoculture, the concepts of "intelligence" and "stupidity" are closely tied to notions of efficiency, pragmatism, and social success. Significant discrepancies were identified between English and Russian conceptual fields, which may complicate intercultural communication. The results hold theoretical significance for cognitive linguistics and linguocultural studies, as well as practical value for optimizing cross-cultural interactions. Future perspectives involve studying the dynamics of these concepts in the context of globalization.

the discursive representation of Kamala Harris' image in political and media-political discourse is compared, the role of the interpretive component in the coverage of the presidential election campaign in the United States in 2024 in political journalism is determined. The object of the study was the linguistic means of representation of the image of K. Harris in the English-language qualitative press. The subject of the study was the methods of realizing discursive strategies and tactics for forming the image of a politician in the context of debunking the image-myth. The materials of the study were the publications of The Washington Post, The Sacramento Observer, The New York Times, The New Yorker, Reuters, The Daily Telegraph, The Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg, The National Interest, The Atlantic, The Spectator, The Economist, Time for July-October 2024. The methods of component analysis, analysis of dictionary definitions, frame and discourse analysis were used. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the description of the transformation of the representation of the politician's image in the media-political discourse in the context of debunking the image-myth. The results of the study can be used in teaching the disciplines “Discourse Theory” and “Political Linguistics”. The relevance of the work is conditioned by the interest of researchers in the problems of sociolinguistics, political communication, media representation. The results of the study have shown that, with the prominent role of intertextuality in the media-political discourse, manifested in the quotation of the vice-president's peers to appeal to authorities in the formation of her positive image and demonstration of the agonality of the discourse of K. Harris's team and the use of effective forms of discourse conceptualization (nominations, metaphors, oppositions, narrative), the discursive representation of K. Harris's image in the media-political discourse in the coverage of her nomination as a candidate for the presidency and the subsequent political technological transformation of her image uses downgrading strategies, invectives, and invectives. Harris' image in the media discourse when covering her nomination as a presidential candidate and the subsequent political technological transformation of her image uses downward strategies and invectives, conceptual metaphors from the source sphere “Religion” and “Monarchy” uncharacteristic of political discourse, irony and grotesque techniques, reframing of dominant concepts of the electoral discourse of the Vice-President's supporters, diagnostic framing emphasizing the candidate's non-self-sufficiency.

this article explores the concept of text and media text within the framework of media linguistics, emphasizing their significance in the digital age. Media linguistics, as a discipline that examines speech activity in the context of mass media, analyzes how language is applied to achieve various communicative goals, including informing, persuading, and entertaining. A key aspect is the detailed analysis of the structure of media texts, such as news headlines and advertising materials, which allows to deeply understand the mechanisms behind public opinion formation. The article also addresses concepts such as hypermedia text, composite media text, and macro media text, highlighting their interconnections in the contemporary information landscape. Special attention is given to the multimodal nature of media texts, which encompasses both verbal and non-verbal signs, as well as visual elements that contribute to more effective communication. In conclusion, the article offers recommendations for creating effective media texts that take into account their genre-specific characteristics and target audience, underscoring the relevance of media linguistics in the modern media landscape.

this article discusses the main methods of translating slang and slang expressions. It also discusses the specifics of translating this type of expressions and constructions, and highlights the importance of this type of translation. It was noted that since slang changes quickly, it is necessary to take into account the time when choosing a translation method. Also, slang and its use are highly context-dependent. Thus, slang is very common in English-language texts. In 20 selected articles, 82 cases of using slang words and expressions were identified and analyzed. At the same time, slang is used much less frequently in Russian-language texts on similar topics. The study found that the main methods of translating slang units in these texts are: transformational, selection of similar expressions, descriptive translation, and interlinear translation. Transformational translation accounted for about 46% of the total number of translations. Russian-language texts are more neutral, while English-language texts are often much more emotionally charged. The selection of similar expressions accounted for 27% of translation cases. In cases where it is appropriate to preserve the imagery realized through slang, and also when this imagery coincides in both cultures and will be understandable to the audience, the translator resorts to this method of translation. Descriptive translation was used in 17% of cases. It is used when slang reflects the realities of life of the English-speaking audience, which are not familiar to the Russian-speaking audience. Another necessary condition is the impossibility of using transformation. Literal translation accounts for the remaining 10% of translations. It is used in cases where it is not possible to use other methods.

Russian writer Teffi’s idea of historical ethics has found its main embodiment in “Memoirs”, in which the writer, through a combination of the main cyclical plot about escape and a subplot about all-encompassing characters, shows the ethical chaos of the period of the first wave of Russian emigration, such as indifference to the death of others, the imbalance of traditional morality, the dilemma of ethics of freedom and responsibility, and it expresses a new ethical order that accepts the survival of the world as the main principle in a chaotic world.

this article is dedicated to the applied research of the effectiveness of matrix classification of media text headlines, focused on aerospace themes. The study begins with an analysis of the functions and roles of headlines within the structure of media texts. The article examines the evolution of the headline's function from purely informative to a tool for capturing the reader's attention and shaping emotional perception, emphasizing the increasing importance of headlines in the context of information overload. To confirm the significance of the headline, a statistical study based on a survey of 100 respondents is presented, demonstrating the substantial impact of headline attractiveness on the decision to read the material. The article thoroughly analyzes two key characteristics of an effective headline: synsemanticity (connection to the content of the text) and autosemanticity (independent significance and attractiveness). Furthermore, an original matrix for classifying headlines is proposed, dividing them into types (objective and subjective) and categories (character-based, locative, temporal, situational, subject-based, form-indicating, generalizing, evaluative). The application of this matrix is demonstrated through examples of aerospace-themed headlines, allowing for the identification of specific features in their construction and determining the objectivity passport of the information source. In conclusion, the study summarizes the findings, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed matrix for systematizing the analysis of headlines and identifying trends in the coverage of aerospace themes in the media space, opening up prospects for further research and the development of effective media communication strategies in this field.

this article discusses the problem of translating texts containing economic terms, knowledge of which is very important for the correct transmission of meaning. The translation of economic discourse is one of the most important, which will always be relevant, because the economy is an important area in the life of society all over the world, and interest in it is growing every day. In addition to economic terms, this paper will consider metaphors, the translation of which may cause certain difficulties. The transmission of the meaning of the so-called "economic metaphors" can be very different from that recorded in ordinary dictionaries. The difficulty of interpreting economic units into Russian is the fact that each country has its own economic and banking systems, which may differ greatly from the system of the translator's country. It is also important to mention the translation of various kinds of names, for example, the names of brands or enterprises from different fields. In the case of an incorrect translation that conveys a distorted meaning, a misunderstanding may occur. Many companies may consider this disrespectful if a linguist treats their company's translation lightly, which will indicate incompetence on the part of the translator, who is one of the company's representatives. The authors study the corpus of economic vocabulary in detail using the example of the article "An Alternative to Creative Destruction" from the popular science magazine Harvard Business Review. The economic layer of vocabulary is highlighted, on the basis of which this article is based, a summary table of terminology characteristic of economic discourse is compiled, a commonly used translation of words is given first, and then clarification occurs due to the use of the word in different contexts.

one of the least studied issues of domestic military history remains the question dedicated to the functioning of the institute of war correspondents during the battles on the Balkan Peninsula. The Russo-Turkish War differed from usual campaigns, demonstrating in many respects a contradictory and even paradoxical nature. It was, perhaps, the first military action in the history of the Russian Empire that emerged independent of the will of the monarch and his closest entourage, being provoked by the powerful pressure of public consciousness. It was in this extraordinary situation in Russia that the influence of public opinion gained strength, effectively forcing the government to support the struggle of co-religious Slavs and to begin a military operation. The heightened interest of Russian society and the press in the events unfolding in the Balkans brought to the forefront the issue of the activities of correspondents accredited with the active army.

this study is dedicated to examining the impact of library resource accessibility on the quality of training specialists in the humanities. The relevance of the topic is driven by the increasing role of information support in the higher education system and the need to identify effective ways to improve its quality. The aim of the work is to identify key factors of library infrastructure that determine the effectiveness of the educational process. During the research, methods of statistical analysis, surveys, and expert evaluations were used. The empirical basis consisted of data from 15 major universities in the country for the period of 2018-2022. It was found that the level of library collections' provision with academic literature has a strong positive correlation (r=0.78; p<0.01) with students' academic performance. It was shown that increasing library working hours by 20% contributes to a 15% average growth in faculty publication activity. A statistically significant relationship was identified between the number of available full-text databases and the percentage of graduates employed in their field within a year (?2=11.4; p<0.05). The results obtained have practical value for optimizing university information infrastructure and may serve as a foundation for further research in the field of education quality management. A promising direction appears to be the study of the economic aspects of library system development in the context of digital transformation.

the article studies the peculiarities of interaction of Sevastopol city authorities with the audience by means of State Publics as the main tool for communication in social networks. The author has analyzed two official pages of the governor of Sevastopol Razvozhayev Mikhail Vladimirovich “VKontakte” and “Telegram”, characterized the main legal and regulatory aspects governing the relationship between the authorities and citizens in social networks, studied the technical advantages of the selected Internet platforms, considered the features of the State Publics of the governor of Sevastopol and analyzed the effectiveness of their maintenance. The presented material allows us to conclude that the public forums provide the necessary conditions for modern communication between the authorities and citizens, but they require some improvements. The author offers recommendations aimed at simplifying the work with citizens in social networks with citizens in social networks.

any state is interested in a healthy population. This is especially true for the younger generation, since young people are the future of the country. Opinion polls, according to INTERFAX, indicate that respondents aged 18 to 24 years recognize their lifestyle as unhealthy. Objectively assess the physical condition of the body, which is one of the indicators of health, by identifying the level of physical fitness. But when assessing physical fitness, researchers often do not take into account the fact that sobriety is the foundation of health. If a student poisons his body with alcohol, tobacco and other intoxicants, the level of general health and physical fitness decreases, and, consequently, the level of performance. The purpose of our study was to identify the correlation between the presence of sobriety/sobriety and physical fitness of students of Industrial University of Tyumen, assigned to the main medical group. Using the methods of questionnaires and biomedical control tests (tests), the authors obtained results that allow us to conclude that the lack of sobriety negatively affects the physical fitness of the student. In connection with the revealed results of the study, the authors consider it relevant to introduce a block of knowledge about the theory of sobriety into educational programs, mandatory conduct of Sobriety lessons that form a sober worldview among students.

the relevance of the study of the psychological and pedagogical conditions of student personality development in conditions of prolonged stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is due to a number of factors that are becoming more and more noticeable in modern educational systems. In conditions of constant social, economic and political changes, students are increasingly faced with various forms of stress and traumatization, which has a profound impact on their psycho-emotional state, personal development and success in educational activities. These conditions become an obstacle to the normal process of adaptation, study and social integration, which requires careful study and the development of effective methods and approaches to assist such students. The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological and pedagogical conditions of student personality development in conditions of prolonged stress and PTSD. This study is not limited to identifying factors that affect the development of students under prolonged stress and PTSD. The study presents practical recommendations that will help teachers and psychologists effectively support students in difficult life situations, creating safe and favorable conditions for their personal growth and successful adaptation in the learning environment.

the article is devoted to the current topic of the formation and development of a teacher's personal brand in modern higher education: the phenomenon of a teacher's personal brand is considered in the context of modern educational requirements. The study analyzes the concept of a personal brand in the context of teaching, examines the key factors influencing the formation of a personal brand, its components, as well as the influence of the brand on the effectiveness of a teacher's professional activity and demand in the labor market. Such factors of forming a teacher's personal brand as professional competencies, communication skills, reputation, etc. are highlighted. The survey, which was attended by 189 university teachers, showed that 67% of respondents believe that a personal brand is necessary, but only 23% present themselves on social media as teachers, and only 10% conduct social media regularly.The article examines the objective reasons for the need to form and develop a personal brand of a higher school teacher, as well as pays special attention to the problems, difficulties and dangers faced by teachers in this process, such as lack of digital literacy, lack of systematic support from university management, insufficient motivation of teachers and the risks associated with online presence and inconsistency of the personal brand of professional activity. The conclusion is made about the connection between the personal brand and the effectiveness of the professional activity of the teacher.

the article is devoted to the development of a new model of educational integration that takes into account the need to develop students' global competencies through intercultural interaction. Modern challenges, such as an increase in the number of foreign students, the globalization of the educational process and the need to develop tolerance, require a revision of approaches to the organization of educational activities. Based on the analysis of intercultural communications and educational practice, a conceptual model is proposed that includes institutional, pedagogical and social levels. The main attention is paid to the development of methods for overcoming language barriers, reducing the influence of cultural stereotypes and creating a comfortable environment for intercultural interaction. The implementation of this model contributes not only to improving academic performance, but also to the development of students' teamwork skills, critical thinking and adaptability. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results obtained to modernize educational programs, which will make them more effective in a multicultural environment.

the article is devoted to the analysis of the educational environment in modern school education. The main purpose of the study is to motivate students to master the necessary life competencies. The educational environment is a tool of business processes that ensure the implementation of the educational product of the school. It describes tools that contribute to this goal, such as designing educational programs, designing design spaces, and developing a culture of communication. The objectives of the implementation of academic and non-academic educational programs should be to gain practical experience in the application of knowledge, skills acquired by students in the study of individual disciplines. The study highlights the importance of practical experience in educational programs and the anchor of intermediate certification on practice-oriented assignments. The use of static and dynamic elements in the design space to stimulate students' reflection is also considered. It is concluded that designing a motivational environment for modern education at the school of the innovative scientific and technological center "Unity Park" in Surgut is a multifaceted process that includes the development and implementation of educational programs, the design of a design space, the formation of a culture of communication and maintaining student health. This article focuses on the importance of a culture of communication and interaction as the basis for the successful implementation of educational and educational processes in schools.

one of the main difficulties faced by society is the lack of financial literacy. In the modern world, new financial products and services are emerging that require a certain level of financial literacy. People need to be financially literate in order to carry out various financial transactions, and it is also necessary that citizens' finances do not suffer at the hands of fraudsters. An important task of modern school education is to educate a person with a developed economic mindset, ready to solve important financial issues. The requirements of modern society are as follows: financial knowledge, skills and abilities. Financial literacy for teachers is considered as an important aspect of professional training, contributing not only to the personal, but also to the professional development of teachers. The question of its necessity goes beyond the simple acquisition of additional knowledge and concerns a more global understanding of the role of education in the modern world. The educational process today cannot ignore the economic component of society. A teacher, as a key figure in the formation of the younger generation, should have not only deep knowledge in their subject areas, but also an understanding of economic processes. This knowledge allows them not only to manage their own finances, but also to explain complex economic phenomena in an accessible form, which is especially important in conditions of economic uncertainty and change. The purpose of this study is to consider the concept of financial literacy for teachers as a necessity and as additional knowledge.

the formation of supra-professional competencies of future teachers of vocational training is of paramount importance in the modern realities of the educational system and economic development. Professional training of pedagogical specialists with diverse skills and abilities is becoming a priority task of higher education, taking into account the dynamic transformations of the professional environment and the increasing quality standards of the educational process. The increasing demand of the labor market for qualified teachers creates new requirements for the professional training of teachers. A modern teacher should not only transfer academic knowledge, but also develop students' competencies that are in demand in professional and personal spheres of life. Educational organizations strive to train specialists who are able to adapt to changing conditions and make a significant contribution to social development. The purpose of this study is to analyze technologies for the formation of supra–professional skills in the process of training future teachers of vocational training. The article examines the current problem of the formation of highly qualified teaching staff in the context of creating a brand of modern education. This research is an important contribution to educational practice, contributing to the development of methods and technologies that ensure the formation of a complex of supra-professional skills among future teachers that are in demand in the modern educational process.

the paper considers the problem of rational use of the MS Excel program in laboratory work on mathematical statistics in an agricultural university. Based on the experience of his teaching activities, the author revealed that the use of digital technologies in the educational activities of students could negatively affect the assimilation of educational material at the level of understanding and acquisition of necessary competencies. To solve this problem, the article proposes a number of proven techniques that will effectively organize the learning process in laboratory work using the MS Excel package, as well as increase the effectiveness of mastering statistical methods.

in the article, the authors substantiate the relevance of the formation of legal culture among students of a pedagogical university. The study defines the legal culture of students of a pedagogical university as an integrative education aimed at nurturing social maturity, moral, legal stability, and lawful behavioral strategy in students. A correlation is noted between the level of legal culture among students of a pedagogical university and their participation in the activities of the School of Legal Education. Graduates of pedagogical universities, future employees of educational organizations, implementing the request of the state and society for their professional training must have, along with formed professional skills and abilities, moral and civic qualities, and a high level of legal culture. In the process of forming a legal culture among students of pedagogical universities, which includes, in our opinion, legal competence, personal and axiological components, it is important to use a set of various methods, means, and forms. The article presents the experience of the School of Legal Education successfully implemented in the formation of the legal culture of students of the pedagogical university. It is concluded that the formation of the legal culture of students of the pedagogical university contributes to their successful entry into the profession, trying out appropriate options for solving situations and their solutions in the legal field, developing lawful behavior.

this article is devoted to the study of the impact of modern technologies on teaching methods in higher education institutions. The relevance of the topic is determined by the rapid digitalization of the educational environment and the need to adapt pedagogical approaches to new conditions. The purpose of the study is to identify key trends in the technological transformation of higher education and assess their effectiveness in terms of learning quality. Research methods included statistical analysis, expert interviews, and case studies of innovative educational practices. The empirical base consisted of survey data from faculty and students of leading universities for the period 2018-2023. The results demonstrate a significant positive impact of digital tools on student engagement (Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.78), as well as a 23.5% increase in the objectivity of assessments. An average increase of 18.4% in student satisfaction with the quality of education was also recorded. At the same time, risks such as weakening communication skills and critical thinking are noted. The article discusses conditions for the effective integration of technologies into the educational process and prospects for further research. A conclusion is drawn on the need for a balanced approach that combines innovation with the preservation of fundamental pedagogical values.

the article discusses the new opportunities and problems facing the Russian higher education system in the context of a difficult international socio-economic situation and after Russia's withdrawal from the Bologna process in 2022. The emphasis is placed on identifying key obstacles to the development of higher education, including the need to strengthen research activities and adapt to the changing structural and qualitative demands of the modern labor market in Russia. In the course of reforming the higher education system, the importance of theoretical analysis of issues aimed at improving the efficiency of state regulation and the functioning of the market of educational services is growing. However, despite a large number of studies in this area, there is still no unified understanding of the essence and specifics of this market.

the relevance of the topic is due to the increase in the amount of legal information and the low level of legal culture of adolescents. The hypothesis of the study of the problem of improving the legal culture of adolescents is that the motivation to acquire legal knowledge depends on social factors and methods of socialization of adolescents. The article is based on the materials of a sociological study conducted in schools in Krasnodara in the period from November 20, 2023 to March 2024. 51 participants took part in it. The author's conclusion is that the problems of improving the legal culture of adolescents are complex. They are caused by social factors. The interconnection of social and legal foundations has been repeatedly emphasized by prominent Russian thinkers P.I. Novgorodtsev, G.F. Shershenevich and M.M. Bakhtin. The problems of reducing such a component of legal culture as legal awareness consist in a high degree of anomie of society, which is why the authority of teachers, parents, and existing teaching formats are questioned. Ignorance is widespread among teenagers. There is a need to identify areas for improving legislation that will allow the development of areas of legal culture shared by adolescents. This dictates the need for a second stage of the study, which should include adolescents living not only in the city, but also in rural areas. In the proposed article, the author shares the results of the first stage of the study.

libel as a crime in the criminal law of the Russian Federation is a complex legal category that causes numerous disputes and questions related to its qualification. One of the main problems that arise in the process of qualifying this crime is proving the defamatory nature of the information disseminated, as well as their inconsistency with reality. Also, in legal practice, difficulties often arise in distinguishing offense from libel, which makes it difficult to qualify the relevant acts. The consolidation of criminal liability for defamation in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is a measure of state protection of the honor and dignity of citizens. This is due to the desire of the State to ensure respect for human rights and freedoms, as well as the maintenance of the moral foundations of society. This is especially important in the context of modern information technologies, when the dissemination of information occurs instantly and can reach an unlimited wide audience. The Criminal law distinguishes between several forms of defamation, including those depending on the scale of the consequences and the media used. An important characteristic is premeditation of libel – in order for an action to be qualified as libel, it is necessary that the person is aware of the unreliability of the information and wants to spread it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of defamation qualification in Russian criminal law. The problems of defamation qualification in Russian criminal law are closely related to the difficulties of establishing the intentions of the accused, as well as the ambiguity of interpretation of such a concept as «individually unidentified persons». To effectively solve these problems, it is necessary to further develop legislation, law enforcement practice, as well as the continuation of scientific research related to this issue.

this article is devoted to the definition and content of the consequences of non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment by an official of his duties as a result of unfair or negligent attitude to service, or duties in office, in particular, reveals the concept of damage as one of the most common for the practice of the material consequences of this act. The purpose of the study is to solve a number of problems raised in the doctrine and arising in law enforcement on the basis of an analysis of the provisions of criminal and civil legislation. The research used scientific papers on the issues under consideration, as well as materials of judicial practice. The methodological basis of the work was made up of general scientific and special methods of analysis, a systematic method, a formal legal method, a formal logical method, etc. To resolve the existing problems, it is proposed to add a note to Article 293 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as securing additional clarifications at the level of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.