Gaps in domestic legislation in the legal regulation of financial organizations

the article analyzes the systemic gaps in the Russian legislation regulating the activities of financial organizations. The author demonstrates that the current legal system is based on a fragmented approach, where individual sectors (banking, insurance, investment) are regulated by disparate special laws. This leads to contradictions in law enforcement, legal uncertainty and an increase in the number of legal disputes, especially in the context of protecting depositors' rights. In addition, despite the formal consolidation of guarantees for individuals, a significant part of legal entities, including participants in the microfinance market and fintech startups, remain outside the zone of legal protection. The key problem is the lack of legally established universal definitions of "financial organization" and "financial service", which creates difficulties in qualifying legal relations. The low level of legal technology, expressed in the redundancy of reference norms and terminological inconsistencies, exacerbates the situation. The digital aspect is becoming particularly acute: regulation of digital systems based on artificial intelligence remains fragmented, which slows down innovation and increases the risks of financial abuse. As a solution, the author suggests a systematic codification of financial legislation through the adoption of the Financial Code. Such a document will make it possible to unify legal norms, establish clear criteria for all market participants and create adaptive mechanisms for regulating digital instruments. It is emphasized that the implementation of these measures is critically important for strengthening confidence in the financial system, ensuring sustainable economic growth and protecting the interests of all stakeholders – from ordinary citizens to institutional investors. The reform of the legal framework can also reduce the regulatory costs of business and increase the competitiveness of the Russian financial sector in a global context.

financial law, legislative gaps, regulation of financial organizations, digital assets, protection of depositors, Financial Code, legal technology, risk management