Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta

The purpose of the study is to develop and implement a physical recreation program into the daily lives of modern students. Research methods: theoretical analysis and synthesis of literature sources, assessment of students' emotional states, surveys, comprehensive evaluation of students' functional condition, testing to determine performance capacity, statistical processing of the obtained results. Research results and conclusions. The experiment revealed the characteristics of the organization of recreational activities of contemporary students. The forms, means, methods, and content of physical recreation were determined, and the effectiveness of the proposed physical recreation program for modern students was assessed. The obtained data enable the conclusion that physical recreation should be integrated into the structure of students’ daily life, and the organization of physical recreation must take into account the lifestyle characteristics of modern students.

The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the effectiveness of elective physical education programs of various orientations in developing professionally significant qualities in future customs specialists. Research methods and organization. The following research methods were employed: theoretical analysis and synthesis of literary sources, a rapid test by L.G. Apanasenko, a pedagogical experiment, and mathematical-statistical processing of the obtained results. The study was conducted at the St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Customs Academy. Research results and conclusions. The data from the experiment on the implementation of elective physical education programs with various focuses demonstrated their effectiveness. The assessment of the functional health level of students who regularly engage in physical activities showed an increase in indicators and an overall improvement in health according to L.G. Apanasenko’s express test. Additionally, good attendance in the APE (Adapted Physical Education) and applied physical education groups, as well as the overall increase in the size of applied physical education groups, indirectly confirms the rise in motivation levels and a change in attitudes toward the value of physical education in their professional activities.

The purpose of the study is to develop and experimentally justify the effectiveness of using physical culture and sports tools in both curricular and extracurricular activities to foster stress resilience among senior high school students. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, survey in the form of questionnaires, natural pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics were used. The study was conducted in September and December 2025 at Secondary School No. 19 in Irkutsk. Research results and conclusions. During the implementation of the developed activity program into the educational process, a positive impact of physical culture and sports on the development of stress resilience among senior students was observed. The obtained data confirm that senior students who possess positive social skills, maintain good relationships within a group, participate in sports activities, demonstrate high levels of physical activity, and work on self-regulation and self-control skills are less susceptible to the risk of deviant behavior and anxiety.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and systematize contemporary methods, approaches, and components of educational programs, as well as to identify factors that contribute to optimizing students' preparation for effective interaction with federal resources and the mastery of advanced digital technologies. Research methods and organization. Methods of analysis and synthesis of literary sources, surveys, and analysis of the obtained data were used. The study was conducted among students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports at Surgut State Pedagogical University. Research results and conclusions. The necessity of updating educational materials, improving teacher qualifications, and creating conditions for the practical mastery of digital platforms has been substantiated. To enhance the use of electronic resources in education, the most important measure, according to respondents, is the regular update of content. Next in priority are training sessions and workshops for teachers on working with electronic resources, as well as the integration of electronic resources with traditional teaching methods. The creation of a unified information system for storing and distributing resources proved to be less popular. The data obtained is used to develop recommendations for improving the educational process and preparing specialists who meet the requirements of the modern labor market and federal standards.

The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate and develop a set of modern methods for developing strength endurance in cadets of the FPS Institute of Russia at the initial stage of training, appropriate to the characteristics of their professional activities and level of preparedness. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature on physical training, pedagogical observation, expert evaluation method. Research results and conclusions. Specific requirements for strength endurance in the professional activities of employees in the penal system have been identified. Key issues at the initial stage of cadet training have been revealed: heterogeneous levels of physical readiness, adaptation to new conditions, and high volumes of general education subjects. Based on modern fitness technologies and sports training principles, a set of methods has been developed, including circuit training focusing on basic bodyweight exercises with minimal equipment; interval strength complexes (AMRAP, EMOM); elements of kettlebell sport; and techniques for developing willpower (exhaustive repetitions, static-dynamic mode). The proposed program allows for improving physical fitness levels in a short period and lays the foundation for further professional and applied physical training.

The purpose of the study is to develop and test a comprehensive system for diagnosing the sensory-perceptual abilities of young tennis players aged 8-16, which includes the creation of a specialized hardware and software complex, the development of a methodology for its application, and the establishment of age-specific standards for key diagnostic indicators. Research methods. The research methodology included a procedure of standardized diagnostic testing, the formation of a representative sample of 145 athletes, statistical processing of data using the percentile method, and a correlation analysis (Spearman's coefficient) for validation. Research results and conclusions. An innovative hardware-software complex has been developed based on a sensor-equipped racket with integrated piezoelectric sensors, an inertial module, and a tactile feedback system, as well as specialized software for real-time data analysis. A valid diagnostic toolkit has been created, providing quantitative assessment of more than 25 biomechanical parameters. A comprehensive system of age-specific norms has been established for 15 key indicators (anticipation accuracy, reaction time, SPQ integral index, etc.), differentiated across six levels of preparedness. The age-related dynamics of sensory-perceptual abilities have been identified, with the greatest growth observed between ages 10 and 13. The methodology's high predictive value has been confirmed: the indicators show statistically significant correlations with the regional ranking. The developed and tested hardware-software system represents a standardized, objective system for monitoring the development of sensory-perceptual abilities. The results obtained are of practical significance for individualizing the training process, timely correcting identified deficiencies, and objectively selecting promising young tennis players at the stages of long-term training.

To enhance the effectiveness of technical training for athletes specializing in acrobatic snowboarding disciplines and to achieve high sporting results on the international stage, it is necessary to seek and develop a new scientifically grounded concept for teaching movement techniques throughout the entire duration of long-term athletic training. The purpose of the study is the theoretical development of a concept for managing the movement techniques of acrobatic snowboarders based on the synthesis of innovative technologies and the leading principles of sports science. The specific objectives of the study are: to identify the structural components of the concept for managing technical training; to determine the content and interrelationship of the components; and to develop a theoretical model of the concept for managing technical training in acrobatic disciplines. Research methods: the axiomatic method, methods of logical generalization, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, the method of analogy, modeling. Research results and conclusions. The structure and content of the concept for managing technical training in snowboarding acrobatic disciplines have been developed based on the synthesis of innovative technologies and leading principles of sports science. This concept can serve as a foundation for further development of the issue of technical training in snowboarding acrobatic disciplines.

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationships between the general and specific preparedness outcomes of 14–15-year-old boxers and the manifestations of individual psychological characteristics and stylistic features in conducting competitive bouts at different stages of the training process. Research methods and organization. To study the preparedness of young boxers, test methods of control and transfer standards were used, as well as the “Kick Tester” boxing bag program "KIKTEST-100", endurance coefficients (the ratio of work results on the boxing bag in the first minute to the results in the third minute), repeated viewing of competitive fights, the voluntary motor methodology of E. P. Ilyin (2001), and methods of mathematical and statistical data processing (Student's t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient). The pedagogical experiment was conducted at the sports research platform of the Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Education at SibGUFK. The object of the study was the training process of 14-15-year-old boxers, and the subject of the study was the application of speed-strength-oriented means and methods at the pre-competition preparation stage. Research results and conclusions. The results of the study showed that the component composition of indicators such as preparedness and the manifestation of neurodynamic characteristics, as well as their interrelationships, differ significantly among young boxers with different competitive fighting styles. Thus, knockout specialists are most characterized by connections in general physical preparedness. Tempo boxers exhibit relatively integrated connections between the results of general and specialized training. For boxers with a tactical, game-oriented style, the relationships between the results of speed-strength endurance and the sharpness of executing punches over a 2-minute period are more pronounced. Among the individual psychological characteristics of knockout athletes, the correlations with general and specific indicators of preparedness are more pronounced in terms of excitation mobility. For tempo boxers, such correlations are more evident in terms of nervous system strength and the internal balance between excitation and inhibition. Similar correlations are also observed in boxers who employ a tactical style of combat, although the nature and direction of these correlations differ significantly.

The article presents the results of a study aimed at improving the fast attack in 16-17-year-old football players. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the technical and tactical actions of 16-17-year-old football players during the execution of fast attacks in competitive activities were analyzed. Statistics on the execution of fast attacks in different time periods of the match were identified. The purpose of the study is to enhance the effectiveness of fast attacks in 16-17-year-old football players. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiments, methods of mathematical and statistical data processing. Research results and conclusions. The developed set of technical and tactical exercises aimed at improving fast attacks in 16-17-year-old football players has proven effective, as confirmed by the results of the conducted pedagogical study. In the experimental group, the effectiveness of executing fast attacks significantly improved compared to the control group, which, in turn, positively affected competitive performance outcomes.

The purpose of the study is to examine the perception of body image and eating behavior among athletes engaged in dance sport. Research methods and organization. The research methods used included theoretical analysis and synthesis of literature sources, surveys, and methods of mathematical and statistical data processing. Students of P.F. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St. Petersburg, from various courses specializing in "dance sport," were invited to participate in an online survey consisting of 16 questions aimed at identifying their attitudes toward their bodies within the context of dance sport (dance classes M, S, A and lower, ages 18–22). The anonymous online questionnaire included questions related to the assessment of the dancers' own physiques, determining their body image, dietary habits characterizing their eating behavior, as well as questions regarding subjective evaluations of their partners and themselves. A scoring system was used to assess each characteristic, ranging from a minimum (1 point) to a maximum (5 points). Research results and conclusions. It has been established that the majority of athlete-dancers rely on their body image in sports performances and consider it a key element of their dance presentation. However, there is a contradiction regarding the extent to which participation in dance sport contributes to the formation of a positive or negative body image. An increase in the level of sporting achievements promotes the most adequate and positive perception of one's own and a partner's body image. During adolescence, it is necessary to timely identify potential manifestations of negative body image perception and unhealthy weight-loss and eating behaviors in athletes. There is a clear need to enhance discipline in nutrition and dietary habits to improve competitive performance outcomes. Ensuring the alignment of training and dietary regimen can become key factors in achieving success.

The potential for fiber-type composition adaptation in athletes in response to training represents one of the most pressing issues in sports science. The purpose of the study is an analytical review of documentary sources on the potential for changes in skeletal muscle fiber-type composition in athletes in response to training. Research methods: analysis of scientific publications in the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. Research results and conclusions. The classification of muscle fibers based on the assessment of myosin ATPase activity indicates that strength training does not change the ratio of type I to type II muscle fibers, but it increases the percentage of type IIA fibers. Analysis of single fibers using SDS-PAGE does not provide a clear answer regarding fiber-type transformation in response to resistance training. Studies on the effects of training on endurance and fiber-type composition, based on the assessment of myosin ATPase activity, are contradictory. Some data support a genetic predisposition in the ratio of type I to type II fibers, while others suggest the possibility of changes. Analysis of single fibers via SDS-PAGE reveals that fiber-type composition may shift toward an increased proportion of slow-twitch MHCI fibers, primarily through a reduction in hybrid muscle fibers.

The dynamic characteristics of sprinting on a curve in an indoor arena are largely determined by the differences in centrifugal force on various lanes and their configuration. The purpose of the study is to develop predictive models of the dynamic characteristics of the stance phases during sprinting on different lanes of the curved track in an indoor athletics arena. Research methods and organization. To achieve the objective, a set of research methods was selected: analysis of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical observation; anthropometry; optical registration of technique parameters; tensometry (in-shoe pressure measurement system "Tekscan"); modeling; methods of mathematical statistics. In the diagnostic experiment conducted during the preparation period for athletics competitions (December 2024) at the Athletic Arena sports complex in St. Petersburg, six highly qualified sprinters specializing in the 200 m and 400 m events participated. Research results and conclusions. During the study, multifactorial regression models were developed that allow for predicting the pressure force on the support during sprinting on curves on various tracks of an athletic indoor arena, taking into account the athletes' anthropometry.

The article presents an analytical review of the issues related to pedagogical testing of the endurance of cervical spine stabilizer muscles in children with cervical spine instability (CSI), which is a widespread phenomenon associated with Down syndrome. It is shown that currently there is no established set of pedagogical tests for assessing the physical qualities of cervical spine stabilizer muscle groups, aimed at the initial identification of markers that could indicate the potential presence of CSI. The purpose of the study was to identify the means for functional pedagogical testing of the cervical spine stabilizer muscles in children with Down syndrome. Research methods and organization. In the course of the pilot study, analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, analysis of IPRA of the participants, surveys of adaptive swimming coaches, and questionnaires for orthopedic doctors were applied. The study was conducted at the State Budgetary Institution Children's Youth Center of the Moscow District of Saint Petersburg "CFKSIZ " and at the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Institution " CAPCSAS SPb". Research results and conclusions. A set of control exercises for pedagogical testing has been developed, and the initial positions have been modified. The ability to accurately determine the physical indicators of the cervical spine stabilizer muscles is an effective means for selecting the most optimal methods of pedagogical intervention when teaching swimming to children with Down syndrome who have diagnosed cervical spine instability. The necessity of taking individual characteristics into account in swimming instruction is substantiated, and, consequently, the development of an adapted teaching methodology is justified, incorporating means of functional pedagogical testing of the cervical spine stabilizer muscles in children with Down syndrome.

The purpose of the study is to determine walking speed modes on a treadmill with a 10% body weight support that ensure minimal asymmetry of the temporal support parameters in individuals with the hemiparetic form of cerebral palsy (CP). Research methods and organization. The comparative experiment involved men with right-sided asymmetry. A protocol of gradually increasing load (from 0.5 to 3.0 m/s over 8 minutes) was applied on a treadmill with a partial unloading system. The support time of each lower limb and step frequency were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. Research results and conclusions. It has been established that in individuals with cerebral palsy, the zone of minimal inter-limb asymmetry (difference of 30 ms) is localized within the speed range of 1.4–1.6 m/s, with an optimum at 1.4 m/s. In healthy individuals, a similar effect is observed at higher speeds—1.9–2.3 m/s. Based on comparative analysis, individualized parameters have been determined for programming rehabilitation sessions. The obtained data allow recommending the identified speed "corridors" as a basis for designing training programs aimed at correcting gait patterns and reducing vertical asymmetry.

The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the health status of students entering degree programs in "Television" and "Graphics" at a creative university, as well as their priorities in selecting physical activity. Research methods and organization. An analysis of literary sources on the health status of university students in Russia was conducted; the health of students enrolled in creative universities in the "Television" and "Graphics" programs in 2023 and 2024 was determined; statistics on their preferences in selecting physical activities from the first year were compiled. Research results and conclusions. Based on the obtained results, at the Department of Physical Education at SPbGIKiT, the structure and content of classes for "Elective Disciplines in Physical Culture and Sport" are formed. Students have the opportunity to choose the type of physical activity for this subject, starting from the first course. The necessity is justified of orienting students toward the correct and accessible choice of physical activity, based on the presence at the Department of Physical Education of various sections of sports and health-recreational orientation.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the concept of professional psychological training for future personnel of the prosecutor's office and the educational programs of departmental and civilian universities. Research methods: general scientific methods (analysis, comparison), as well as methods of pedagogical research (collection and accumulation of information, evaluation, study of the educational process, etc.). Research results and conclusions. Professional training of future personnel for the bodies and organizations of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation should be aimed at developing the professionally necessary qualities and skills in students, as well as cultivating the abilities required in extreme and emergency conditions, enabling them to carry out their official duties effectively.

The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of dance-movement training aimed at enhancing emotional self-regulation in women under conditions of socio-economic instability associated with the threat of job loss. Research methods and organization. The study involved 60 women (aged 25–45 years) experiencing issues related to the threat of job loss. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: the Spielberger-Khanin Anxiety Scale (STAI), McLean’s Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (MSTAT-I), the Ways of Coping Questionnaire by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman (WCQ), and projective tests ("Person in the Rain" by E.V. Romanova, T.I. Sytko, "What Color Am I?" by N.Yu. Oganesyan). To assess motor activity, the psychomotor methods "Body Analysis" and "Analysis of the Body Component of Intelligence" by N.Yu. Oganesyan were applied. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, and correlation analysis was performed using Spearman’s coefficient. To reliably assess independent samples "before" and "after," the effect size (ES) calculation method was used. Research results and conclusions. In women of the experimental group, a significant decrease in anxiety, an increase in tolerance to uncertainty, and an enhancement of adaptive coping strategies (decision planning, assuming responsibility) were observed following the training. Measures of motor activity (movement activity, communicativeness within the group) also improved. No significant changes were recorded in the control group. Dance-movement therapy demonstrated high effectiveness in enhancing emotional self-regulation in women under conditions of instability associated with the threat of job loss.

The article examines the issue of students choosing elective courses in physical education and sports at the university. The purpose of the study is to determine the interrelationship between the choice of elective courses in physical education and sports and motivation for academic activities, as well as to assess it in relation to students' physical fitness. Research methods and organization. Modern methods were applied in order to identify the functional state of the students involved. A psychological and pedagogical questionnaire was used to assess the level of motivation for academic activities. The study was conducted at the Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management with the participation of 200 students. The reliability of the obtained results was determined using methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. The results of the conducted study revealed a correlation between the choice of elective courses and motivation for academic activities, as well as a correlation with physical fitness, which is attributed to the high level of student motivation to engage in physical education and sports.

The purpose of the study is to identify the personal determinants of constructive and destructive strategies of ethnocultural adaptation among adolescents in a multicultural educational environment. Research methods and organization. The study involved adolescents aged 15–18 years, representing Russian, Tatar, and Uzbek ethnocultural groups. As personality determinants, indicators of voluntary behavioral self-regulation, emotional intelligence, coping strategies, and character accentuations were considered. To analyze the relationships between personality traits and adaptation strategies, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used. Research results and conclusions. The obtained data demonstrated that constructive strategies of ethnocultural adaptation are determined by a well-developed system of behavioral self-regulation, the ability to manage emotional states, and a predominance of cognitive coping strategies. Destructive strategies are associated with emotional reactivity, impulsivity, avoidance, and the prominence of certain types of character accentuations. The findings expand our understanding of the psychological mechanisms of ethnocultural adaptation in adolescents and confirm the significance of personal resources as factors in the formation of adaptive behavior in a multicultural educational environment.