Vol 4, No 4 (2025)

the development of human resources across key sectors of the Russian Federation is a top state priority. Numerous legislative and strategic initiatives underscore the need to increase the number of qualified professionals in priority fields. The national project "Personnel" and related federal initiatives aim to modernize the labor market and support lifelong education, employment, and skills development. Additionally, other national projects – such as those targeting youth, demographics, digital transformation, tourism, and industrial and agricultural advancement – incorporate objectives for workforce development. However, implementation is hindered by underdeveloped information systems, limiting access to accurate data on individuals' competencies and achievements. This reduces the effectiveness of planning and executing federal and national projects. Moreover, most citizens lack a structured personal development plan and sufficient awareness of state programs that could enhance their professional growth. To address these challenges, the article proposes utilizing the State Information System "Modern Digital Educational Environment" (GISEDO) as a master system, integrated with the Citizen's Digital Profile. This system would collect, store, and analyze data on individuals' education, skills, interests, and achievements. The article outlines the necessary legislative and technological changes to implement this vision and describes how AI and big data technologies could enable personalized development paths, contributing to both individual advancement and national economic priorities.

the aim of the study is the political and textual analysis and reconstruction of political narratives in journalistic materials published in the journal "Sibirskie Zapiski" at the beginning of the 20th century. The work is based on published sources – journalistic works published in the journal "Sibirskie Zapiski", in which discourses about the political situation in the country and the Siberian region at the beginning of the 20th century were formed. In the epistemological position, this study is based on hermeneutics, the purpose of which is to interpret test expressions of a posteriori understanding of the surrounding world. Also, the toolkit of political textology had a positive value, on the basis of which it is possible to identify and show political narratives of writers' sources about ongoing socio-political events. The authors found that political discourses in the materials of the journal "Sibirskie Zapiski" had several directions. Firstly, these are the problems of regional policy, the meaning of which was reduced to the ideal of a federal structure of our Fatherland, where the center and the provinces live in complete harmony and unity, based on mutual understanding. Secondly, the political and textual analysis of journalism in this magazine will allow us to highlight the narrative of some ideological differences between Bolshevism and regionalism. Thirdly, the subject of socio-political reflection was the development of land policy and state economy.

the article discusses current issues of countering the propaganda of destructive ideologies among Russian youth from the perspective of political and legal analysis. In modern conditions of globalization and digitalization, the spread of radical and extremist ideas is taking on new forms and scales, which poses a serious threat to the stability of society and the national security of Russia. Youth, being the most vulnerable and susceptible to ideological influence group of the population, requires special attention from the state and civil society institutions. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to improve legal mechanisms and political strategies aimed at effectively countering destructive ideologies. The purpose of the study is to identify the key political and legal tools for combating the propaganda of extremist ideologies among young people, analyze their effectiveness, and develop an author's approach to solving the problem. The concept and content of destructive ideologies, features and channels of influence on Russian youth, political and legal aspects of countering their influence on the younger generation are considered. The approaches of Russian researchers to countering the propaganda of destructive ideologies are defined, and the specifics of Russian youth as an object of influence are determined. The determinants of destructive effects are revealed, promising counteraction mechanisms are identified. The directions of counteraction are substantiated. The methodological base of the research includes comparative legal analysis, content analysis of regulatory documents, and research materials. The author's contribution consists in a comprehensive examination of the problem, taking into account the political and legal context, which allows not only to identify the weak links of the existing system of counteraction, but also to propose specific measures to strengthen it. The author emphasizes the importance of interdepartmental cooperation, improving the legal literacy of young people and developing the system in a preventive manner, justifying the significant role of the state in countering destructive actors.

the article is dedicated to a comparative analysis of centralized, decentralized, and hybrid management structures for transportation systems, with a focus on their applicability in the Russian Federation over the long term up to 2050. The aim of the study is to identify the most effective management model to overcome historical lag and ensure sustainable development of the domestic transport industry. In the introduction, the relevance of choosing a management structure as a key factor in the development of socially significant sectors is justified. The author’s tasks are to assess the positions of the scientific community, analyze the historical experience of Russia and the USSR, conduct a qualitative comparison of management systems, and determine the priority model. The main hypothesis posits the advantage of centralized management for eliminating crisis phenomena in the transport sphere. The materials and methods section defines the essence of centralization (control by the central apparatus over all levels) and decentralization (strengthening the role of regions and the private sector). It emphasizes the contentious nature of the issue in academia and the diversity of global practices. The methods used include analysis of normative legal acts, diachronic policy analysis, expert evaluation, and study of open sources. The results include a historical analysis: centralization in the USSR enabled a breakthrough in the development of capital-intensive modes of transport (electric transport, metro), whereas decentralization in the 1990-2000s led to infrastructure degradation and loss of manageability. A comparative table of management systems reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each model. Centralization is effective for resource mobilization and crisis management but is inflexible. Decentralization accounts for local specifics but leads to underfunding and loss of control. The hybrid model combines advantages but is complex to balance.

the article examines the features of regional identity manifestation in a multi-ethnic constituent entity of the Russian Federation – the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO). Based on a sociological survey of residents and analysis of scholarly works, the study reveals how the population associates itself with the region, which factors contribute to the formation of this connection, and what keeps people in the area. Special attention is paid to the role of natural and climatic features, historical and cultural heritage, and the sense of "home" as key elements of identity. The conclusion highlights the need for the development of local history studies, cultural practices, and historical heritage to strengthen regional identity. The research findings can be applied in academic and scholarly works on regional identity and local history.

in the context of the formation of a new multipolar world order and the intensification of geopolitical competition, a reassessment of classical theories and concepts is taking place. The legacy of the outstanding Russian military theorist, geopolitician, and orientalist Andrei Evgenievich Snesarev (1865-1937) is becoming particularly relevant. His works represent an integral system of views on the nature of the state, war and peace, based on a deep understanding of the inextricable link between politics and geographical space. The article is devoted to the problem of systematization and actualization of the political and geopolitical legacy of A. E. Snesarev for the development of a modern strategy of Russia. Purpose and methodology. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the geopolitical and military-political ideas of A.E. Snesarev and the definition of their heuristic potential for modern Russian strategic planning. Among the tasks aimed at achieving the goal: 1) to reveal the understanding of the state in the concept of Snesarev; 2) to reveal the understanding of war as a complex phenomenon; 3) to reveal the importance of "frontier" territories (limitrophs) for ensuring the security of the state. The research is carried out within the framework of the paradigm of political realism and the classical school of geopolitics. The main methods were system analysis, which allowed us to consider Snesarev's ideas as a single concept; historical and comparative method used to compare the geopolitical realities of the early 20th century and the present; as well as content analysis of the scientist's key works. Results. In the course of the research, the key elements of the Snesarev concept were identified and systematized.: 1) understanding the state as a living spatial and political organism; 2) a synthetic approach to the analysis of war as a complex phenomenon where military strategy is inseparable from politics, economics and geography; 3) the concept of strategically significant "frontier" territories (limitrophes) as key areas for ensuring the security of the core state; 4) the establishment of the principles of pragmatism and state expediency, standing above ideological dogmas. Practical application. The results of the study can be used in the activities of Russian government authorities dealing with strategic planning, foreign policy and national security, in particular, in shaping a long-term strategy in Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Greater Middle East macro-region. The materials of the article can also be applied in the educational process in the training of specialists in the field of international relations, political science and military affairs. Conclusions. The political and geopolitical legacy of A. E. Snesarev is a valuable intellectual resource contributing to the strengthening of sovereignty and the formation of a strategy adequate to modern challenges of Russia. His works form the basis for an original Russian school of geopolitics, focused on protecting national interests.

this article considers the issue of studying the world experience of legal regulation of electric bus transport as a separate type in the transport systems of cities and agglomerations. This type of transport has been actively developing in Russia since 2018, every year the number of cities using it in permanent passenger operation is growing. However, there are gaps in terms of legal regulation of this type of transport, which complicates the process of operating electric bus transport, including from an economic point of view. This analysis is necessary to assess the existing best world practices in state regulation of activities related to the functioning of this type of transport with the subsequent formation of proposals for the implementation of best practices in the domestic regulatory framework. The experience of key global users of electric buses is studied. It is determined that electric bus transport, although initially considered a part of bus transport, currently in most of the countries under consideration has its own regulatory documents allowing to evaluate the assembly process, safety level and quality of operation. Regulatory regulation is not widespread everywhere, but it can be noted: the greater the volume of operation of electric bus transport in the country, the more regulatory documents for this type of transport. The most noteworthy is the positive experience of China in state regulation of individual processes related to electric buses, which can be extrapolated to domestic practice in the future. The collected experience allows in the future to form a domestic analogue of the most significant documents and improve the regulatory and operational processes of electric bus transport in the country.

the article examines administrative exile as a special legal institution that existed in the Russian Empire. The article notes that administrative exile as a measure of prevention and punishment was formed as part of the development of serfdom and was used for the colonization of Siberia. Despite the abolition of serfdom, the Tsarist government retained administrative exile to Siberia. The article analyzes the main legislative acts of the Russian Empire on administrative exile in the second half of the 19th century. It is stated that in legal practice, administrative exile has been used as a punishment for political crimes and crimes of minor or medium severity. The article concludes that the Tsarist government's widespread use of administrative exile was driven by the idea of "state expediency" in suppressing crime without going through a judicial procedure, which in turn led to the Russian society's rejection of the court's special role in maintaining law and order before the Revolution.

the article analyzes the new problems arising in the field of legal liability due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and explores possible solutions. AI is already making decisions in areas such as healthcare, transportation, finance, and others without human intervention, which necessitates a reconsideration of classical legal models. The attribution of legal liability for autonomous AI decisions – whether to the manufacturer, programmer, user, or as an electronic person — remains controversial, and currently, various approaches exist at both international and national levels. The European Union applies a “risk-based” approach, establishing mechanisms for transparency, human oversight, and accountability for AI systems. In the United States and China, regulation is primarily sectoral and tailored to national interests. In Azerbaijan, the legal regulation of AI is still at an initial stage and is mainly based on the existing normative framework. The author notes that the new role of law should be not only restrictive, but also ethical, innovative, and human-centered. The integration of legal and technological knowledge, multidisciplinary cooperation, proactive risk management, and the alignment of national legislation with international standards are highlighted as key priorities for the future. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the legal system must be constantly improved to ensure the safe and beneficial integration of artificial intelligence into society.

the article examines the impact of national traditions and customs on the formation of legal norms in Russia. The author analyzes the historical and cultural prerequisites for the development of Russian law, with particular attention to the role of customary law, traditional values, and mentality in shaping legislation. Examples of the integration of folk customs into the legal system are explored, along with their significance in contemporary legal practice. The study draws conclusions about the interconnection between cultural heritage and lawmaking, emphasizing the importance of considering national characteristics when developing and improving regulatory legal acts.