Legal liability for artificial intelligence solutions: international experience and regulation in Azerbaijan

the article analyzes the new problems arising in the field of legal liability due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and explores possible solutions. AI is already making decisions in areas such as healthcare, transportation, finance, and others without human intervention, which necessitates a reconsideration of classical legal models. The attribution of legal liability for autonomous AI decisions – whether to the manufacturer, programmer, user, or as an electronic person — remains controversial, and currently, various approaches exist at both international and national levels. The European Union applies a “risk-based” approach, establishing mechanisms for transparency, human oversight, and accountability for AI systems. In the United States and China, regulation is primarily sectoral and tailored to national interests. In Azerbaijan, the legal regulation of AI is still at an initial stage and is mainly based on the existing normative framework. The author notes that the new role of law should be not only restrictive, but also ethical, innovative, and human-centered. The integration of legal and technological knowledge, multidisciplinary cooperation, proactive risk management, and the alignment of national legislation with international standards are highlighted as key priorities for the future. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the legal system must be constantly improved to ensure the safe and beneficial integration of artificial intelligence into society.

artificial intelligence, legal liability, autonomous systems, international experience, legal regulation, Azerbaijani legislation, ethical principles