Vol 4, No 5 (2025)

the article examines the system of private social enterprises as a social phenomenon that implements political interests during the military conflict and during its completion. Based on statistical indicators, the definition of “institute of social entrepreneurship of microenterprises” is being formed. The subject of the study is the modern form of interaction between a social enterprise and government agencies in the context of effective influence on socio-political stability in the Russian Federation. Based on the external political situation, the consequences of which have a direct impact on the economic and social situation within the country, the author suggests considering the institution of social entrepreneurship of microenterprises not only as a socio-economic phenomenon, but also as a political phenomenon, deep interaction with which is important for the internal stability of the state and national security.

this article analyzes the impact of globalization on China's educational policy and the development of a model for integrating traditional and modern educational practices. The study covers key regulatory documents, such as the national initiative «Education 2035», the Education Law of the People's Republic of China, and the program for modernizing education in China until 2035, emphasizing the need to combine innovative methods and technology with historical and cultural traditions. A detailed analysis of relevant scientific and methodological literature by foreign and domestic authors is also conducted. The study also examines the main directions and strategies applied by China to integrate global educational standards while maintaining national identity and cultural heritage. The study resulted in the development of a model aimed at effectively balancing traditional values and educational standards, as well as formulating criteria for its evaluation. The proposed pedagogical model promotes the activation of the teaching and learning process through the use of innovative educational technologies and courses, which in turn promotes the development of critical thinking and social responsibility in students, as well as increased competitiveness in the labor market.

the article discusses in detail modern digital technologies in the provision of public services to the population. In the context of the ongoing transformation of public authorities, traditional methods of interaction with the population have lost their effectiveness, as the availability of the Internet and the variety of social networks dictate new ways of government authorities working, as well as regulating current issues related to the lives of the population. The article focuses on which digital tools are used in the work of government authorities. Much attention in the analysis is paid to the Gosuslugi service, which provides a wide range of services to the public. The purpose of the article is to analyze the effectiveness of using digital platforms for interaction with government authorities. The tasks include a theoretical review of current work on the topic, analysis of statistics on the introduction of technologies and the operation of the Gosuslugi service, as well as identification of problems on the topic. Digital platforms act as the main instrument of innovative technologies. The methodology of this study includes a theoretical review of sources, analysis and statistics on the introduction of digitalization tools into the work of public authorities, as well as a method of deduction to identify common problems of interaction. When writing the conclusions, the method of generalization is used. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that a digital feedback model is proposed, based on the use of mechanisms that can influence the improvement of the quality of public services and are perceived by users as a sign of openness of government. The results of the article emphasize the importance of the introduction of digitalization tools for effective interaction of public authorities with the population both from the point of view of the federal and regional aspects. It also highlights the importance of a comprehensive study of differences in the perception of the effectiveness of digital platforms among various socio-demographic groups.

the article examines conceptual approaches to the phenomenon of political power, characteristic of the era of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The author believes that the foundations and direction of the first discussions about power were laid by the teachings of Plato, who describes power as the ability to establish correct and fair norms of human community. Aristotle considers power in the context of social communication. He regards power as an inevitable and natural phenomenon for the life of a human community. The presence of relations of dominance and subordination between people is necessary for the sake of mutual benefit and the establishment of the common good. In ancient Rome, power usually meant a certain type of legal relationship. It was not considered an independent entity, but rather a set of powers enshrined in applicable law. For Christianity, power has a transcendental nature, since it is established by God. At the same time, if Augustine Aurelius speaks of the sinful nature of political power, then Thomas Aquinas, continuing the tradition of Antiquity, defines power as a way to achieve the common good and justice. According to the author of the article, all theories have much in common: power is considered as a type of social communication, the justification of power always includes a reference to some higher values or religion, the exercise of power in the minds of thinkers of Antiquity and the Middle Ages is closely connected with lawmaking. Also, all points of view are characterized by the idea of power as an institution for achieving justice and social well-being.

the article examines the constitutional and legal regulation of traditional spiritual and moral values in Russia. It analyzes the legal mechanisms enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as state policies aimed at preserving cultural heritage, family, patriotism, and religious traditions. Special attention is paid to the scientific justification of this course, including research by Russian scholars and sociological data confirming its effectiveness. The balance between state secularism and the protection of traditional values is explored, along with the impact of global challenges on legal regulation in this sphere.

introduction: international terrorism in the 21st century is one of the main threats to national security. The relevance of the study of its legal foundations is due to the need to create a solid and coordinated regulatory framework for an effective fight at the national and international levels. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of legal regulation, as well as universal UN conventions and national legislation of the Russian Federation. Aim: Features of the legal framework for countering international terrorism to identify problematic aspects and improve the efficiency of law enforcement agencies, state security agencies and interstate cooperation mechanisms. Methods: The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific and specific scientific methods, namely formal-legal, comparative-legal, systemic-structural and document analysis. Results: The study established that the counter-terrorism system consists of three levels: universal (19 UN conventions), regional (CIS, SCO, CSTO) and national (Federal Law «On Combating Terrorism»). Within this system, the FSB acts as the lead entity responsible for preventing, suppressing and investigating the most dangerous crimes, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs performs important tasks in preventing and ensuring law and order. Interstate cooperation is carried out through the exchange of information, legal assistance and joint exercises, an example of which is the interaction of the Russian Federation within the framework of the CIS ATC, RATS SCO and CSTO, as well as with key partners such as China and India. Conclusions: The modern legal framework for combating terrorism is multi-level, but its effectiveness is reduced due to the lack of a single definition of terrorism at the global level and the use of «double standards». The effectiveness of national bodies directly depends on the quality of their coordination and information exchange. In the context of geopolitical shifts, Russia is actively reorienting the vectors of its international cooperation to the eastern and southern directions, which are reflected in the practical activities of its special services and law enforcement system.

this article examines the regulatory framework and regulatory mechanisms, as well as their essential content, in terms of the state policy of the Russian Federation in relation to historical education. By the mid-2020s, historical policy had become one of the priorities of Russian rulemaking, which was largely due to a complex of socio-political, technological and international challenges. The current conditions and realities of the era require close attention to the comprehensive ideological and patriotic education of young people, the fight against the falsification of history and the defense of historical truth. The ideological and substantive outline of Russian state policy in this area is outlined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws and Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, which are directly implemented by orders of federal executive authorities, protocols of collegial bodies of various subordination. As a result of the activities of state authorities, an extensive legislative body has been formed in terms of historical and educational policy, which is in the stage of intensive addition and elaboration.

legal protection of intellectual property promotes innovation by providing creators with material and moral incentives to develop new knowledge and technologies. Legal protection provides authors with exclusive rights to use and distribute their creations, thereby preventing unauthorized copying and use of their work, which is a key aspect of maintaining fair competition and ethical business practices. The author conducts a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign legislation on the legal protection of scientific and educational results, identifies similarities and differences in the legal regulation of exclusive rights in the field of science and education in the Russian Federation, the USA and the EU.

the article is devoted to the study of the historical stages of the development of the theoretical and legal foundations of public control over the activities of institutions and institutions of the Russian penal system, the legal regulation of modern public relations in this area. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to ensure the implementation of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms in relation to convicts and other persons in the activities of numerous institutions of the penal system. The positive domestic experience in the development and application of various forms of public involvement in the activities of penitentiary institutions and in its control is being studied. It emphasizes the existence of thorough legal regulation and a wide range of regulatory legal acts related to the implementation of public control in this area at the present stage, and at the same time the lack of legal consolidation and definition of key concepts in this area, the need to ensure the unity and further improvement of the legal regulation of the public relations in question. As a result of the research, the author formulated a definition of the concept of public control over the activities of institutions and bodies of the penal correction system, and recommendations for the development of the theoretical and legal framework for public control over the activities of institutions and bodies of the penal correction system, including expanding opportunities for public participation in their work.

this article examines the problem of improving the conceptual apparatus of information law. The essence of the problem associated with the conceptual apparatus of information law is its insufficient unification and logical and linguistic heterogeneity. The author offers a definition of unification of the conceptual apparatus of information law, discussing the goal (increasing the effectiveness of lawmaking and law enforcement activities) and the tasks of unification (conducting a logical and linguistic analysis, eliminating eclecticism, creating a unified legal glossary, monitoring the law enforcement interpretation of terms by higher courts and amending definitions, etc.). A unified legal glossary is considered as a potential form of systematization of the conceptual apparatus of information law. It is concluded that only through a unified and logically verified conceptual framework can a balance be achieved between the rights and legitimate interests of individuals, society, and the state in the information sphere, which is one of the key principles of information law.