No 11 (2025)

The subject of this work comprises legal norms related to Indigenous small-numbered peoples and traditional nature management, as well as provisions of strategic planning documents addressing this topic. The aim of the study is to formulate conclusions and proposals aimed at improving legal regulation in this area, based on an analysis of federal and regional legislation, strategic planning documents, and information about Indigenous small-numbered peoples, traditional nature management, and the state of the environment. The research employs general scientific, specialized, and specific methods, including synthesis, analysis, deduction, generalization, analogy, induction, formal legal method, and others. The relevance of the topic is underscored by two key factors. On the one hand, the right to traditional nature management is a crucial element in preserving the culture of Indigenous peoples residing in the Russian Federation, as it is through traditional economic activities that ethnic clothing, household items, folklore, and language are maintained. On the other hand, the ability to engage in traditional nature management is significantly impacted by both industrial development in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and the North in general, as well as climate change. Thus, there are numerous challenges in safeguarding the right to traditional nature management, which must be addressed, among other means, through legal regulation. The study presents several conclusions and proposals. For instance, given that traditional nature management is entirely dependent on the environment and natural resources, it seems logical to consider the possibility of its full implementation as an indicator of a favorable environmental state. The study also notes that the provisions of strategic planning documents concerning Indigenous small-numbered peoples can serve as a foundation for both improving existing legislation and developing new laws related to traditional nature management and environmental protection in the areas where it is practiced.

The subject of the research is the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan that directly or indirectly relate to the procedural status of an individual who is actually subjected to criminal prosecution, with the aim of identifying both the obstacles to the development of pre-trial criminal proceedings and prospective guidelines for such development. In particular, the list of procedural grounds for granting the procedural status of a suspect and the correlation of these grounds with other criminal procedural institutions has been analyzed. Significant obstacles to the improvement of Russian criminal proceedings have been identified in the form of illogical correlation between the institution of suspicion and the institution of measures of criminal procedural coercion, as well as the actual insufficiency of the grounds provided by the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation for granting the procedural status of a suspect in the form of pre-trial investigation and the unjustified obligation to present charges to the person subjected to criminal prosecution at the initial stage of the investigation of the crime, which in reality does not guarantee the admissibility of prolonged criminal prosecution of such a person. In the course of the study, the author used a comparative legal method to research the procedural grounds for the emergence of the procedural figure of a suspect in two states, as well as a formal-legal method, the application of which, taking into account static and sociological methods, conducted an analysis of several norms of the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation with actual law enforcement. The novelty of the research consists in the proposal that, linking to the concept of the development of the procedural status of a suspect, would allow for the reform of the pre-trial stages of Russian criminal proceedings through changes to the criminal procedural model of its foundation and will lead to a reduction of criminal procedural procedures applied to individuals subjected to criminal prosecution until the transfer of the criminal case to the prosecutor and its submission to the court. Based on the results of the research, directions for improving the pre-trial stages of Russian criminal proceedings have been identified, which have proven effective through the testing of provisions of the new Criminal Procedure Code by law enforcers of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Taking into account the arguments of procedural scholars that allow to correlate the author’s arguments with the opinions of the scientific community and the views of law enforcers, formed in a combined percentage ratio based on the results of a survey, ideas have been proposed that contribute to the development of the Russian pre-trial criminal process.

The subject of the research is the organization of prevention of school shootings and other forms of deviant behavior in the educational environment. The approaches to understanding the nature and legal status of school shootings were analyzed. The necessity of systematic preventive work in the educational environment at various levels – from ideological to individual, concerning potential school shooters – was substantiated. The author's perspective on the existing concept of preventive work was formulated; its main directions are aimed at explaining to young people the destructive nature of various types of deviant behavior, forming an understanding of the inevitability of punishment for committing such actions, and informing about the tightening of criminal liability measures. There was also made an attempt to investigate the hypothesis that the targeted development of social skills and the creation of a cohesive atmosphere in a group can reduce the risks of social exclusion and aggressive behavior among students. The methodological basis of the study, along with a set of general scientific methods (observation, comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization, deduction), also included the method of comparative legal research, as well as developments in the field of integralism. The research was conducted using materials from specialized criminological literature and the socio-philosophical works of one of the founders of modern sociology, P.A. Sorokin. The scientific article is the first to assess the applicability of P.A. Sorokin's amitology to the prevention of unlawful behavior among youth, particularly school shootings. In doing so, the thesis is substantiated that the education system possesses a number of significant advantages over family, friends, and the church as an environment for forming a stable capacity for constructive altruism. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that P.A. Sorokin's developments in the field of amitology hold significant potential for organizing the prevention of various forms of deviant behavior among youth. In particular, the concept of "altruistic love" as a foundation for social harmony and solidarity offers an alternative to repressive and purely rational approaches to preventing various forms of deviant behavior in the educational environment.

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal barriers preventing the calling of military-political unions to international responsibility. The author examines the limitations of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice related to the lack of locus standi status for international organizations, and considers arbitration as an alternative dispute settlement mechanism. The examples of the practice of the International Court of Justice, the Permanent Court of Arbitration and regional arbitrations demonstrate the contradiction between normative declarations and the actual enforcement of international acts. The analysis of the decisions of the International Court of Justice in matters of responsibility of international organizations is carried out. Special attention is paid to the need to amend the Statute of the International Court of Justice and to develop universal arbitration procedures. In conclusion, the proposals on reforming the international legal system to ensure the responsibility of military-political unions are substantiated. The study uses a set of general scientific and private scientific research methods based on the general philosophical principles of objectivity, comprehensiveness, universal connection and development. The author applied a systematic and functional approach. A special place in the study is given to the formal legal method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive analysis of the legal barriers preventing the implementation of the responsibility of the UPU, and the proposal of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. The main results of the study are the identified significant limitations of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice in relation to international organizations, the analysis of the practice of the International Court of Justice, the Permanent Court of Arbitration and regional arbitrations, the justification for the need to amend the Statute of the International Court of Justice to expand the possibilities of bringing military and political unions to justice, and the proposed concept of using arbitration as an alternative mechanism dispute settlement, the developed recommendations on the reform of the international legal system, in the revealed contradictions between normative declarations and actual law enforcement in the context of the responsibility of military-political unions. The study proves the need to improve the mechanisms for bringing military-political unions to international responsibility through the reform of existing legal institutions and the development of alternative dispute resolution methods.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the legal status of digital platform operators from the perspective of the information intermediary institution. Special attention is paid to assessing the compliance of the information intermediary status enshrined in Article 1253.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to digital platform operators, considering their multifaceted nature and specific activities. The features of information intermediaries regulated by Russian legislation are studied in comparison to foreign models—American and European. The peculiarities of applying the status to marketplace operators are analyzed, as well as the issues of recognizing investment platforms as information intermediaries. The object of the research is the public legal relations arising in the process of functioning of digital platforms and the interaction of their users. The subject of the research is the legal regulation of the status of digital platform operators from the viewpoint of the information intermediary institution. Methodology: A comprehensive legal analysis has been used—a comparative study of domestic and foreign regulations, as well as an interpretation of the norms of Russian legislation in light of the practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and Arbitration Courts. The emphasis is placed on identifying the characteristics and criteria of information intermediaries concerning digital platform operators. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the concept of an information intermediary in the context of the dynamically developing platform economy of Russia. This work systematizes the mechanisms for implementing the information intermediary institution concerning digital platform operators, taking into account recent legislative changes, including Federal Law No. 289-FZ on platform economy. The research identifies and critically assesses existing contradictions and gaps when qualifying digital platforms as information intermediaries, particularly regarding marketplaces and investment platforms, which is relevant for the further development of theory and law enforcement in this field. The status of an information intermediary is an important legal institution that protects the interests of participants in civil legal relations in the digital environment. However, not all digital platform operators can automatically claim this status. The effective application of the institution depends on compliance with the characteristics of technical passivity, neutrality, and prompt response to violations. The application of the status to investment and specialized platforms requires further research and practical consideration. A comprehensive study of the legislative framework and judicial practice contributes to balanced regulation and risk reduction, fostering the development of the digital economy.