Special types of exemption from liability for committing crimes in the sphere of economic activity

This article presents a study of special types of exemption from liability for economic crimes. The relevance of this research topic stems from the need to achieve a compromise between the desire to compensate for damages caused by an individual to an individual, society, or the state, and the desire to hold an individual accountable and punish them for the crime committed. The study presents classifications of special types of exemption from liability in the provisions of Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation depending on the method of legal regulation, the frequency of application, and the nature of the exemption conditions. Classifications of special types of exemption from criminal liability are necessary when constructing new types of exemption from criminal liability and facilitate the uniform formulation of types of exemption from criminal liability for crimes with common characteristics. The following methods were used as the methodological basis for the study: analysis, synthesis, legal induction, generalization, comparison, and the formal legal method. The article substantiates the shortcomings of the design of some special types of exemption from liability contained in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and raises the issue of the need to introduce new special types of exemption from liability for economic crimes. Specifically, to address the issue of returning exported cultural valuables to the territory of the Russian Federation in violation of Article 190 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to construct a special type of exemption from liability of a compensatory nature in the note to Article 190 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, for example, as follows: «A person who has committed a crime under this article shall be exempt from criminal liability if he voluntarily fulfilled the obligation to return to the territory of the Russian Federation cultural valuables exported from its borders, undamaged».

economic crimes, economic activity, criminal liability, release from liability, extortion, failure to return cultural property, compensation for harm, extreme necessity, active repentance, crime