卷 12, 编号 15 (2024)

The article describes the results of a retrospective analysis of 30 patient histories of children with congenital nephropathies aged from 2 days to 17 y/o. The majority of cases of congenital nephropathies in children of the Republic of Mordovia for the period of 2015-2022 were diagnosed during examination for other pathologies and upon referral (60%). The structure of congenital nephropathies in children is dominated by anomalies of kidney differentiation (50%) represented mainly by cystic dysplasia and tubulopathies (20%). Congenital glomerulopathies and tubulopathies were diagnosed in the first three years of life, while an anomaly in the formation of renal tissue with parenchyma deficiency (normonephronic hypoplasia) and more than half of the cases (64.3%) of cystic dysplasia were identified after 4 years of age.

Starting in 2025, the national project «Long and Active Life: New Health Challenges until 2030» will be launched in Russia. The article presents an analysis of literature data aimed at identifying modern trends in the development of areas of the national project. If successful, the project will solve priority healthcare tasks, such as increase in average life expectancy, increase of the coverage of the population with highly qualified medical care, and reduction of morbidity.

The article presents the results of a clinical study of 68 patients with acute pancreatitis, who were divided into 2 groups according to severity upon hospitalization. The activity of the coagulation-lytic system of blood, the state of microcirculation, and the intensification of membrane lipid peroxidation were determined. Genetic study of platelet receptor genes (C807T ITGA2) was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. It was found that oxidative stress, microcirculation disorders, and imbalance of blood coagulation components (hypercoagulation and hypofibrinolysis) play a special role in the development of acute pancreatitis. These deviations were associated with the severity of patients: in mild cases, they were reversible by the 3rd day, and in severe cases, they were persistent. An association was found between the severity of acute pancreatitis and ITGA2 gene polymorphisms (C807T). With the normal allele C807C of the ITGA2 gene, homeostatic disturbances were minimal, and with the mutant allele, they were maximal.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive examination of patients with gastric cancer divided into cohorts by tumor stage. It is shown that the definition and analysis of the variability of changes in immune parameters can be successfully used to identify oncotransformation of the gastric epithelium and to rank it according to the severity of tumor progression.

This article proposes an innovative approach to surgical tooth extraction based on the use of 3D visualization technologies, computer planning, and a new concept of atraumatic extraction. The technique involves the use of a surgical template developed individually for each patient from biocompatible plastic and used to accurately form guide tunnels in the tooth. The proposed approach helps to reduce the risk of complications and preserve the volume of bone and soft tissue structures, which is key for subsequent orthopedic restoration.