DYNAMICS OF MORPHOLOGICAL INDICES AND SPECIAL PREPAREDNESS OF YOUNG SKIERS

Present condition of skiing in accordance with the socio-economic requirements of modern society determines the growth of dynamics of sports results and place high demands on athletes, which reflects the earlier specialization of young athletes. Ski racing is very popular in our country and is a mass sport. However, in recent years there has been a downward trend in attendance child - youthful sport schools “Ski race” specialization. This is due to, first of all, lower level of professional training of coaching staff; secondly, the reduction in the level of financing of mass sports; thirdly, a decrease in the popularity of cyclic sports requiring endurance development. The preparation of sport base teams in the reserves is still important in the system of youth sport. A lot of different concepts of organization of the training process, starting from younger age teams, planned and implemented a variable combination of means and methods of training are offered. However, scientific and technological progresses in the development of technical means of movement and recovery tools have an impact on increasing results. Motor skills in the course of natural development have a period of accelerated formation (sensitive). In this specific period the quality of young athletes is the most sensitive to the effects of exercise. Consequently, for the full implementation of the laws of development of young athletes’ organism it is needed to focus on training the qualities that entered during the sensitive period. Such first condition comes quickly, and it happens in age from 7 to 16 years. Further, speed-power-quality is from 9-18 years. Then, strength is from 12-19 years. And, after all, the endurance is between 14 and 20 years. A training program based on another scheme will not be able to fully realize the biological laws of development of young skiers’ organism. Without making any emphasis on the development of qualities in mentioned periods, we will not be able to subsequently obtain the intended effect. The leading motor quality for skiers is endurance. It enters into the period of intense natural development the latest and it begins at age of 14. In this regard, at the age of 11-13 years, it makes sense to consider the quality along with other as General physical preparedness means. This approach enables a sufficient impact on speed, speed-strength qualities and power. It should not be forgotten that the age of the skiers of the world elite is in the range from 21 years to 30 years. Consequently, upon assuming the active shaping of endurance 14 years, we have 7-8 years for its development. It should be noted that currently there are rather contradictory opinions on the implementation of the training plans and techniques of preparation of young skier-racers. However, individualized training of young skiers on the basis of their morphological status is not lit fully in the scientific literature.

federal standards of sports training, skiing, sport training of young skiers, morphological indices, movement quality, training load