No 8 (2025)

In order to develop a resource-saving soil protection technology for the return of by-products of grain crops to the biological cycle with the attraction of climatic potential in 2022–2024. In the link of crop rotation (winter rye (2022)–oats (2023)–barley (2024), the influence of timing (August, October, May) was studied. methods (plowing, disking) of sealing winter rye straw and a compensating dose of nitrogen for oat yields, basic tillage systems (dump, combined, and non-tillage) for barley yields and soil fertility indicators. In conditions of severe drought in 2023. The introduction of straw contributed to the formation of a higher yield of 2.38 t/ha of oats, without straw – 2.14 t/ha. The effect of nitrogen was negative. A decrease in the yield of oats was revealed in the variant with a late period of basic tillage in October relative to August and May. The effect of straw on the productivity of the crop rotation link was revealed – 6.12 t g.u./ha, without straw – 5.80 t g.u./ha. The aftereffect of nitrogen with an increase in barley yield by 6.9 and 7.4% was manifested against the background of the introduction of straw in the variants with October and May planting dates. The introduction of nitrogen on a background without straw did not have an effect. In the field of crop rotation, against the background of straw and nitrogen application in August, the advantage of a combined tillage system (plowing for oats, disking for barley) was revealed - 6.95 t g.u./ha, relative to dump and non–dump – 6.42 and 6.16 t g.u./ha. A decrease in oat yields during the October tillage period was accompanied by an increase in the cellulolytic activity of the soil. During late autumn and spring embedding of straw in a layer of 0–10 cm of soil, the content of N-NO₃ and P₂O₅ decreased, and the content of N-NH₄ and K₂O increased.

To curb the degradation processes in the permanent nutrient mixture in the greenhouse when growing tobacco seedlings, it is advisable to use microbiological fertilizers that promote plant growth and plant resistance to diseases. The effect of the microbiological fertilizer Extrasol on a nutrient mixture and tobacco plants of the Virginia 202 variety was evaluated. For the period 2023–2024 it was found that pre-sowing soaking of tobacco seeds in an aqueous solution of the biopreparation Extrasol at a concentration of 0.1% and 3-fold application of this fertilizer with an interval of 10–14 days in the same concentration in the amount of 1.0 l/m² contributed to an increase in the length of tobacco plants to the point of growth by 16%, to the end of elongated leaves – by 13%, weight above–ground part of plants – by 12%, root mass – by 20%. An increase in the yield of standard seedlings by the optimal planting time in the field by 29% was determined. This scheme of application of Extrasol fertilizer 30 days after the experiment improved the agrochemical background in the greenhouse. The intensity of nitrification increased by 21%, the activity of cellulose–destroying microorganisms increased by 33%, and the production of carbon dioxide or “respiration” of the soil increased by 33%. The humus content increased by 3.0%. The content of the main nutrients increased: ammonium nitrogen – by 13, nitrate – by 10, available phosphorus – by 17, exchangeable potassium – by 15%. The fungicidal effect of Extrasol was manifested by the absence of tobacco damage by seedling rot. The strong tobacco plants planted in the field from the background, where a 0.1% solution of Extrasol was used (prolonged effect of high-quality seedlings), differed in height from the control plants by 13% by the end of the growing season, in leaf area by 29, in yield by 19, and in leaf materiality by 24%. There is a tendency to improve the chemical composition of tobacco raw materials by increasing the carbohydrate content and reducing the amount of proteins.