Effect of the Time and Method of Application of Winter Rye Straw and Compensating Nitrogen on Yield Spring Crops and Fertility Indicators of Sod-Podzolic Soil

In order to develop a resource-saving soil protection technology for the return of by-products of grain crops to the biological cycle with the attraction of climatic potential in 2022–2024. In the link of crop rotation (winter rye (2022)–oats (2023)–barley (2024), the influence of timing (August, October, May) was studied. methods (plowing, disking) of sealing winter rye straw and a compensating dose of nitrogen for oat yields, basic tillage systems (dump, combined, and non-tillage) for barley yields and soil fertility indicators. In conditions of severe drought in 2023. The introduction of straw contributed to the formation of a higher yield of 2.38 t/ha of oats, without straw – 2.14 t/ha. The effect of nitrogen was negative. A decrease in the yield of oats was revealed in the variant with a late period of basic tillage in October relative to August and May. The effect of straw on the productivity of the crop rotation link was revealed – 6.12 t g.u./ha, without straw – 5.80 t g.u./ha. The aftereffect of nitrogen with an increase in barley yield by 6.9 and 7.4% was manifested against the background of the introduction of straw in the variants with October and May planting dates. The introduction of nitrogen on a background without straw did not have an effect. In the field of crop rotation, against the background of straw and nitrogen application in August, the advantage of a combined tillage system (plowing for oats, disking for barley) was revealed - 6.95 t g.u./ha, relative to dump and non–dump – 6.42 and 6.16 t g.u./ha. A decrease in oat yields during the October tillage period was accompanied by an increase in the cellulolytic activity of the soil. During late autumn and spring embedding of straw in a layer of 0–10 cm of soil, the content of N-NO₃ and P₂O₅ decreased, and the content of N-NH₄ and K₂O increased.