Modern trends and effective methods of teaching architectural drawing to future architects in technical higher education institutions

this article provides an in-depth analysis of modern trends and effective methods in teaching the subject of architectural drawing to future architects in technical higher education institutions. While preserving the fundamental importance of traditional teaching methods, it explores contemporary approaches such as the large-scale integration of digital technologies (CAD, BIM, digital sketching, VR/AR, AI) into the educational process, active learning methods (project-based learning, problem-based learning, flipped classroom), student-centered approaches, and strengthening interdisciplinary connections. The article discusses the role of these methods in enhancing students’ spatial thinking, creativity, critical thinking, communication competencies, and readiness for modern professional activity. It also offers practical suggestions for balancing traditional and modern methods, individualizing the learning process, and continuously improving the quality of instruction. The article is dedicated to a comprehensive and thorough examination of the most relevant modern trends and effective methods of teaching architectural drawing to future architects in the rapidly evolving digital age. It also delves into pedagogical strategies aimed at increasing student engagement, including project-based learning (PBL) based on real-life situations, problem-based learning to foster critical thinking, and the flipped classroom model that allows flexible learning pacing. Within the framework of student-centered approaches, special attention is given to the development of individual learning trajectories, differentiated tasks, and adapting the learning process to personal needs. The article also highlights ways to ensure the synergy of architectural drawing with other specialized disciplines through enhanced interdisciplinary integration. The study scientifically and practically discusses the central role of these modern methods in deepening future architects' spatial thinking, unlocking creative potential, developing independent and critical thinking skills, acquiring effective communication competencies, and comprehensively preparing for competitive modern professional activities. The article concludes with specific, practical proposals and methodological recommendations for achieving an optimal balance between traditional and innovative methods, individualizing the educational process according to each student’s unique characteristics, and continuously monitoring and improving the quality of instruction. This may include curriculum adaptation, professional development for teaching staff, and revising assessment criteria.

architectural drawing, architectural graphics, modern teaching methods, pedagogical innovations, digital technologies, CAD (Computer-Aided Design), BIM (Building Information Modeling), digital sketching, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI), active learning, project-based learning, problem-based learning, creativity, spatial thinking, architectural education