Том 13, № 3 (2025)

Introduction. Innovation activity is a key driver of economic growth and regional competitiveness. The relevance of this study is determined by the significant disparity in technological development levels across the subjects of the Russian Federation, necessitating a detailed analysis to formulate effective state support measures. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative statistical analysis and rank the regions of the Volga Federal District in order of their level of innovation activity.

Materials and Methods. The study is based on the analysis of official statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service for 2019–2023. Five key indicators were used for a comprehensive assessment: the number of research organizations, internal expenditure on R&D, the quantity of developed and implemented advanced production technologies, and the output of innovative goods. An integrated index was calculated based on these metrics, enabling a comparative analysis and ranking of the regions.

Results. The calculation of the integrated index revealed significant differentiation in the innovation development levels of the Volga Federal District regions. The leaders were identified as the Republic of Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod Region, and the Perm Territory. The lowest scores were recorded in the Republic of Mari El, Penza Region, and the Chuvash Republic. The main challenges hindering innovation in the lagging regions were identified as insufficient funding, a shortage of qualified personnel, and an underdeveloped regulatory framework.

Discussion and Conclusion. The study confirms a substantial innovation gap between the regions of the Volga Federal District. To ensure balanced technological development across the district, it is crucial to develop and implement targeted state support measures for the lagging regions. These measures should include increased funding, business incentives, and improvements to the regulatory framework.

Introduction. The study addresses the issue of student engagement in the educational process, which is crucial for the quality of higher education and academic outcomes. The study focus is placed on regional universities, where this phenomenon remains understudied.

Materials and Methods. The empirical basis comprises the results of an online survey of 483 students conducted at National Research Mordovia State University (March – April 2025). The methodology employed cluster analysis (SPSS), descriptive statistics, and cross-tabulation. Engagement was operationalized to encompass behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions.

Results. The findings revealed three levels of academic engagement: high, average, low; three types of social engagement: research-integrated, socially-oriented, limited. A negative trend in engagement levels was observed among senior students, along with variations across fields of study (with the highest indicators among medical students). The influence of group factors (cohesion, presence of leaders) and organizational factors (teaching quality, resource availability) on engagement was substantiated.

Discussion and Conclusion. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of the level, nature, and determinants of student engagement. The obtained results establish a foundation for developing and implementing targeted measures aimed at enhancing the quality of the educational process and improving student academic outcomes.

Introduction. The relevance of the research is due to the increasing attention of modern linguistics to the mechanisms of linguistic manipulation in media discourse. Therefore, there is a need to identify language means used to implement linguistic demagogy strategies and tactics in analytical media text on economics. The study aims to expand the understanding of linguistic demagogy strategies in their verbal representation.

Materials and Methods The research material comprises language data obtained from an English analytical article on economics published in the British media outlet "The Guardian". The methodological framework includes content analysis and linguistic analysis.

Results. The key strategies and tactics of linguistic demagogy, such as generalization, opposition to the refe rence group and the use of verbal metaphor, are analyzed. Specific linguistic markers have been identified, including plural pronouns, collective nouns, and metaphorical verbs. The examples show how these tools form a manipulative effect in an economic media text.

Discussion and Conclusion. This research expands the understanding of linguistic demagogy application in media texts on economics. The study materials may prove valuable for comprehensive research in the field of language manipulation in texts of various discourses.

Introduction. Project-based learning is one of the most effective methods in education. Nevertheless, the specifics of applying this method in various fields of learning remains a relevant research topic. The purpose of the study is to analyze and summarize the authors' experience in applying the project method, which resulted in an online-course based on the integrated approach discussed, which includes various methods of both computer (virtual) and physical modeling.

Materials and Methods. Project-based learning, as an education technique, is directly integrated with the methods that are the subject of study in this work. These include: methods of design in modern CAx environments, programming methods and technologies, physical and mathematical modeling, and prototyping technologies. The project uses MS Visual Studio C++, ArduPilot/Pixhawk, SolidWorks, T-Flex, KuGoo, Injora, and BigoLand as its software and hardware base.

Results. The result of the study is a set of integrated models of various types used as a basis for implementing the project, as well as an online course that includes these models, methodological materials for their development in the form of full-text documents and multimedia content. The experience of using the project method on the considered methodological basis has been summarized.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the implementation of the project method based on the selected integrated approach fully confirmed the effectiveness of the project method according to the following criteria: manageability, reproducibility, individualization, differentiation, innovation. The project method can be adjusted to solving a wide range of modeling tasks provided they should have a scientific component and interdisciplinary nature.

Introduction. Under modern conditions of teaching Russian as a foreign language, the problem of developing the skills of analyzing and interpreting author's punctuation among international students is becoming particularly relevant. Despite the importance of punctuation literacy for a full understanding of a literary text, this aspect of learning often remains insufficiently studied. The purpose of the research is to identify methods for the development of international students' skills to analyze and interpret author's punctuation solutions in texts.

Materials and Methods. The theoretical and analytical method was applied, which made it possible to clarify the concept of "author's punctuation" based on the analysis of linguistic literature and to assess the state of development of the problem of teaching interpretation of punctuation solutions in the methodological literature on Russian as a foreign language and stylistics. The method of descriptive analysis and continuous sampling was used: examples of author's punctuation from literary texts were selected and classified, and similar examples were compiled based on the type of punctuation marks and their stylistic functions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of punctuation solutions on the realization of the author's idea.

Results. The author's punctuation exercises are presented for studying in the framework of Russian as a foreign language. The objectives of the exercises are outlined. At the basic level, students are just getting to know the topic. Deep learning is possible at the advanced level (B2-C1).

Discussion and Conclusion. The novelty of the work lies in the development of a methodology for analyzing and interpreting author's punctuation for international students and creating a set of exercises for developing these skills within the framework of stylistic analysis. Methodological solutions can be integrated into programs for philology students, contributing to the development of their linguistic and communicative competencies.

Introduction. Despite the advances in ophthalmic surgery, eyeball enucleation remains a necessary operation for a number of severe ocular pathologies. The analysis of its dynamics and causes helps to assess the effectiveness of the ophthalmological care system and the evolution of eye diseases. The aim of this study is to analyze the causes and frequency of eyeball removal during the periods 1986–1995 and 2014–2023, and to compare the obtained data between these two decades.

Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 561 medical records of patients with various diseases who underwent enucleation at the Republican Ophthalmological Hospital in Saransk during the periods 1986–1995 and 2014–2023 was conducted. Statistical data processing was performed using a significance criterion (p-value < 0.05).

Results. The total number of operations decreased 10-fold (from 510 to 51 cases). In 1986–1995, the leading cause of enucleation was end-stage glaucoma, while in 2014–2023, it was intraocular neoplasms. The proportion of traumatic injuries as a reason for eye removal decreased from 23 to 12%.

Discussion and Conclusion. The development of new technologies for surgical methods of eyeball preservation, along with earlier diagnosis of ocular diseases and trauma, and the availability and timely provision of qualified medical care, are the primary reasons for the reduction in enucleations in ophthalmology. The obtained data on the frequency and causes of eyeball enucleation indicate an increase in ocular neoplasms in recent years.