Vol 20, No 2 (46) (2025)

 The article deals with the problem of genre in translation studies. The hypothesis of the study is the idea of the genre shifts emerging at the moment of interpreting within the genre of a TV interview. The authors discuss the ways of interpreting the genre. In accordance with the functional-linguistic approach to the analysis of speech genre, the authors consider the ways in which the linguistic personality of the interpreter verbally regulates the translation of the genre. The authors structurally describe the material, methods and results of the study. The aim of the study includes the linguistic analysis of genre shifts, ways of overcoming them and description of speech means of realization of a genre by the linguistic personality of a conference interpreter. The authors substantiate the logic of choosing the genre type, list the characteristic features of the genre of the television interview of portrait type. The researchers use the method of comparative analysis of the genre’ “projection” and linguocognitive analysis of the stylistic parameters of the scripts of interpretation and consider the ways of genre preservation in interpreting realized by conference interpreters. The linguistic analysis hereby considers translation solutions (transformations) at the lexico-semantic and grammatical levels; ways of expressing the genre through the use of background knowledge and extra-linguistic context; ways of translating genre conventions (the key condition of a genre). They analyse translation mistakes as a way of a genre expression. The distinctive features of the English- and Russian-language genre of the TV interview are listed on the grounds of the performed simultaneous translations. The results of the study demonstrate the future prospects of genre research, including the analysis of the of conscious and unconscious genre preservation/ breakage in interpreting. 

The article is devoted to “violent rhetoric” as a type of oratory practice used in the genre of political debates and is based on the material from the 2024 U. S. electoral campaign. The data were collected from speeches of American politicians, their statements in the media and on Twitter, as well as from Russian and foreign publications and TV news broadcasts from January 2023 to August 2024. The research methods include rhetorical analysis, critical discourse analysis, semiotic and contextual analyses. The article examines the characteristics of American presidential rhetoric, such as simplicity of speech, semantic vagueness of key concepts, a small amount of factual information, a high degree of pathos and aggressiveness, and the use of simplistic humor. The main features of “violent rhetoric” identified in the course of the research are the use of confrontational strategies, fierce attacks on opponents, as well as war and aggression metaphors. The study also shows that the central focus is on issues of political correctness, which are directly related to the main contradictions between Democrats and Republicans. “Violent rhetoric” creates social tension, leads to the radicalization of political views, and poses the risk of real physical violence. 

The article deals with the analysis of the genre of a popular science article about outer space in the Soviet press of the 20th century and publications in the Runet of the 21st century (AS1 and AS2 ). Since AS1 and AS2 essentially belong to different cultures, the author uses an integral speech genre technique, which involves the use of a large amount of related information: general cultural, natural science, scientific and technical, ideological and even philosophical. AS1 and AS2 are analyzed according to a model that includes the following parameters: the place of AS1 and AS2 in the speech-genre space of the two periods, their similarities with other types and genres of popular science literature and differences from them, ideas in Soviet and modern society about space and about the relationship of man with space in the paradigms of “usefulness ~ uselessness”, “work (career, well-being) ~ duty/service ~ achievements (records, possibilities and impossibilities) ~ selflessness”; “hero ~ ordinary person (tourist)”. The language of AS1 and AS2 is analyzed in connection with ideology (primarily in AS1 ), mythology, determining personifications and metaphors (especially anthropomorphic ones, metaphors of childhood, etc.). Much attention is paid to the means of expression (AS1 is characterized by ordered and elevated expression, AS2 is a rather eclectic combination of the “language of facts” and unbridled expression); irony (irony, including black, is much more often found in AS2 ); precedent texts (only AS1 is distinguished by the richness and diversity of precedent texts). Besides, the author compiles a frequency dictionary of AS1 and AS2 (terms, evaluative words/word forms, non-standard vocabulary, etc.). The author also focuses on specific language categories such as verb tense, especially the future, real and unreal modality.

The article analyzes the activation of the use of prosimetrum in Kazakhstan Russian-language poetry of the second half of the twentieth century. We believe that this is due to, firstly, postmodernist search for new artistic forms, and secondly, the syllabic principle of versification typical of Kazakh poetry, in which poetry and prose are not clearly differentiated. Kazakhstan Russian speaking poets, using prosimetrum, organically combined Russian poetic traditions with Kazakh ones. The combination of prose and poetry within one poetic work became popular in the works of poets of the second half of the 20th century: Olzhas Suleimenov, Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov, Bakhyt Kairbekov, etc. Prosimetrum was used not only as a poetic device, as a way of searching for new expressive forms, but also contributed to the transformation of traditional genres, for example, the symbiosis of a parable and a dying song, a legend and a poetic aitys (“poets’ competition”), etc. As a result of syncretization, unique lyric-epic and lyrical genres of prose poetry appeared. The artistic and aesthetic potential of prosimetrum gave Kazakhstan poets the opportunity to realize postmodernist tendencies in expressing the real world and unstable reality, in creating a “text within a text”, in incorporating metaprose into a work, in complicating the subjective structure of an artistic text using the technique of self-reference, etc. In prose poetry, a prose fragment most often represents a metatextual commentary of the author, characterizing the poetic lines in terms of their source, origin, authorship, genre, and other parameters. Kazakhstan poets made full use of the “technical” possibilities of prosimetrum in creating a specific “uneven”, intermittent rhythm by alternating prose and poetic fragments. This rhythm became one of the specific features of the syncretic genre of prose poetry in Kazakhstan Russian-language poetry. 

The paper considers the speech genre “Journalist’s Notebook” on the material of Ilya Ilf’s “Notebooks”. The basic intensional feature of this genre is the fixation of observations and reflections expressed in words and statements noticed by the attentive and ironic writer. The journalistic notebook is a set of vivid speech examples recorded as material for further use in journalistic articles and fiction texts. This genre includes the following units: 1) contradictory denotations, which contain a certain internal contradiction and are represented by a multitude of one-word and non-word nominative constructions, strange funny names, funny occasionalisms, 2) expressive descriptions, which accurately characterize the depicted reality and include parodied speech samples and various types of stylization, 3) condensed narratives, which concisely show various plots in which certain types of people appear, 4) implicative reasoning, the interpretation of which requires an explanation of the context of the epoch, such implicatures create a feeling of inclusion in the reality of the twenties and thirties of the last century, 5) existential statements containing a value picture of the world. The journalistic notebook as a complex speech genre comes closer to the diary and commentary, expresses the author’s accentuated personal attitude to what is happening and fixes the most important signs of the epoch. For a writer, the journalist’s notebook acts as a pre-text for the creation of a work of fiction. Many notes from I. Ilf’s journalistic notebook were late r included in the novels “The Twelve Chairs” and “The Golden Calf”, written in co-authorship with E. Petrov. 

The article examines the correlation between the media format in social media (for example, messages on a social network or instant messenger) and the genre as a typical communicative practice of using this format for certain pragmatic tasks. The theoretical ideas of the article are illustrated by the results of observation of social media messages collected using big data technology to study the image of the city of Arkhangelsk. Semantic “manual” analysis of genres and observations of the media formats in which they are published allow us to propose a typology of social media, among which communication, infotainment and consumer ones stand out, in relation to typical technical formats of Internet communication – social network publication, messenger message, website publication, etc. The article identifies formats that are in demand in image discourse. In addition, the authors compile a list of genres used in each type of social media. The proposed list of categories and media formats of social media in relation to the genres used in them can be used in the study of other types of discourses of the Internet environment and images of other territorial entities. 

The article summarizes the results of the International scientific-practical conference “Special Education and Sociocultural Integration – 2024: Current Issues in Remedial Education, Special Psychology and Psycholinguistics”, dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the distinguished scholar and one of the founders of the Saratov School of Genre Studies, Professor K. F. Sedov. The conference was organized by Saratov National Research State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky, the Faculty of Psychological, Pedagogical, and Special Education of the Pedagogical Institute and the Department of Speech Therapy and Psycholinguistics. The article provides an overview of the events planned within the conference format: plenary and sectional sessions, round-table discussions, workshops, and a competition od student papers. The issues of the program’s plenary and sectional reports, topics of round tables, and workshops are presented from the perspective of an interdisciplinary approach to studying related problems of communication linguistics, genre studies, psychology, general and special education.