No 3 (2023)

The article analyzes the use of the budgetary potential and identifies the factors influencing the management of this process. For the Far North regions, we have calculated the aggregate integral index for 2016–2020 that further helped in dividing the northern subjects of the Russian Federation into groups by use of the budgetary potential. The authors have identified the trends determining the specificity of the budgetary potential use and evaluated its efficiency in the Far North. Depending on the use of the budgetary potential in the northern regions, we have developed the possibilities for the regions’ further development which, in turn, will allow for increasing and efficient using of the budgetary potential.

The article is devoted to the demographic situation in the Komi Republic compared to that in Russia in general. The authors have assessed the role of migration in population decline over the last intercensal period. The changes in the level and structure of fertility and mortality have been identified in view of escalation the measures of demographic policy for fertility increase and in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The significant birth rate increase over the average Russian value in recent years is a result of realization the regional maternal capital program introduction the third-child-allowance for low-income families, and restoration of the ethnic reproductive behavior of Komi people under conditions of economic stimulation of multi-child families. In the first pandemic year, the mortality rate rose and we observed a positive reduction in the gap between life expectancy of the population of our republic and that in whole Russia, as well as between the rural and the urban population both at state and region levels. The above process was related with the mode of population resettlement and density, as well as with the behavior of people during the period of restrictive measures in the pandemic which determined the rate of infection spread. In 2021, the life expectancy of Komi population repeatedly decreased highlighting the decrease in mortality from other causes. As a result, the natural population loss in the region for the first time exceeded the Russian average.

The article presents a comparative overview of practices and approaches to human resource management in Russia, including its northern regions, and the Latin American countries. The author analyzes the evolution of the term of human resources as an economic category and surveys the practice of human resource management in Russia and Latin America in the past and today. Both regions are currently involved in the process of transition to innovative economy and face various difficulties. Managers try to find efficient ways to combine traditional local practices for these countries with global methods of personnel management. To solve these paradoxes, the states need scientists and experts in the field of personnel management who could make a great contribution to the development of society and business in these countries.

The issues of resource rent extraction on the development of mineral deposits have been important throughout the whole history of natural resources exploitation. Today, they are of special importance as the question on the equitable income distribution comes to the forefront of the economic and political development of the society. The author has identified the main world approaches of tax policy which, with all the existing differences between the countries, indicate the main goal of taxation in the mining industries, i.e. the maximal profit recovery on maintaining the interest of entrepreneurs to continue the high-risk mining works. The paper considers tax revenues generated in the mining sector of the regional economy. The tax revenues have been compared with the main macroeconomic indicators of the Komi Republic and the Russian Federation, as well as with the results on the valuation of mineral and raw material potential.

The main development trend of the Arctic region is the economics based on exploitation of its resource potential. The intensive economic development of the Arctic territories largely depends on the climate change, as well as on the technical and technological development. At the same time, the Arctic economics is a complex system including various institutions as state, industrial companies, local communities. Numerous studies are devoted to the issues on harmful effects of mining activities on the economics, environmental situation, social and managerial spheres. Improvement of legal institutions in the field of nature resource management is aimed at eliminating administrative barriers and ensuring integrated and sustainable use of mineral resources.

The article studies the concepts of sustainable agriculture and the factors of internal and external systems influencing its formation. Having surveyed the principles of sustainable agriculture, the author clarified that the agricultural sustainability largely depends on the efficient management of natural systems and resources. The work presents a conceptual model for sustainable agriculture and rural areas defined as a socio-economic-natural complex system that includes three subsystems as agrarian-economic, rural-ecologic, and rural-social subsystems. The purpose of the integrated system is to coordinate the interaction and interconnection between the rural subsystems and their components to achieve harmony between agricultural production, the rural environment, and the well-being of peasants and rural residents. The modern methods of sustainable agriculture, and therefore sustainable resource management, mean the resource-saving, organic, biodynamic, climatically optimized, regenerative agriculture, relate to sustainable intensification and resource-saving agriculture. To form the agricultural sustainability in the northern region, the author proposes new approaches to its development such as the integrated farming system, agroforestry, site specific crop farming, integrated nutrient management and integrated pest management.

The author sees the uncertainty of the spatial development themes in the disagreement of interpretation of the research subject, the substitution of specific spatial processes by general regional economy postulates, the combination of concepts and methods for studying the spatial and territorial aspects of socio-economic development, the lack of consistency in the organization of practical work in the field of state management of the spatial structure of Russia. Economic mismanagement relates to the difficulties of combining the constitutional provisions on the unity of the market space and the objective necessity for its administrative regulators of a non-market nature. The positive examples of studying the possibilities of optimizing the space of people’s life activity allow us to understand the subject essence of research in this area of science.