FEATURES OF CARE OF CHILDREN-ORPHANS IN THE TAMBOV PROVINCE IN THE 19th - EARLY 20th CENTURIES THROUGH THE PRISM OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES

Specifically and comprehensively system of social protection of orphan children in the Tambov province of 19th - beginning of 20th century through the prism of the state, public and private is studied. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials (archives, periodicals, memoirs) was representative of the little-known aspects of the stated scientific problem. The domestic and global study of the formation of the social state and civil charitable initiatives in provincial Russia is summarized, often with significant differences from Metropolitan realities. Amazing success of the charity orphans at the regional and county level is revealed, which allows to assess the modernisation of public initiatives in urban and rural society the chronological period under review. The possibility of Zemstvo institutions in the processes of charitable activities is specified, as well as manifestations of co-financing and participation in these rural projects private persons (representatives of the merchant class, the nobility, burghers and clergy). The position and policy on transfer throw children into private hands on education is specifically reviewed, estimated financial problems associated with the transfer of these orphaned children to childless families. The main reasons for the active charitable activities major regional patrons are found, reflecting general trends in the development of self-assessment of provincial merchants and representatives of other estates of the Russian Empire in the period under review. The conclusions about the results and historical experience, traditions and peculiarities of support of children-orphans at the level of province and county, that allowed to reconstruct the system of social protection of pre-revolutionary Russia. Attention is drawn to the importance of the regional context and the specific historical manifestations of charitable support and private initiative in the period under review, as well as evaluation of socio-political, socio-cultural and ethno-religious positions of the regional society. The impact of certain categories of donors for the social protection of children-orphans in a period of education and training in shelters, and the subsequent socialization is clarified.

orphans, charity for children, social protection, charitable institutions, social care homes, orphanages, regional philanthropy, civic initiatives, provincial society