Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij

ISSN (print): 1605-8070, ISSN (online): 2410-4639

Media registration certificate: 012620 from 03.06.1994, ЭЛ № ФС 77 – 61404 from 10.04.2015

Founder: Russian Foundation for Basic Research

Editor-in-Chief:  Panchenko Vladislav Yakovlevich, academician RAS, Doctor of Sc., Full Professor

Frequency / Assess:  4 issues per year / Open

Included in: Higher Attestation Commission list, RISC

Current Issue

Vol 115, No 3-4 (2022): THEMED SECTION: ARCTIC RESEARCH

  • Year: 2022
  • Articles: 10
  • URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/1605-8070/issue/view/20136
  • Description:

    The intensification of activities on the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in recent years is determined both by the geopolitical interests of Russia and by the significant mining potential of the region, which attracts leading mining companies. At the state level, the main tasks for the development of the Arctic zone and ensuring national security are defined in the “Strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security for the period up to 2035”, which includes “increasing activities to conduct fundamental and applied scientific research in the interests of the development of the Arctic”.

Full Issue

THEMED ISSUE EDITOR’S COLUMN

About the Editor of the Themed Section RAS Academician Professor S.A. Dobrolyubov. Abstract of the Themed Section.
Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):6-11
pages 6-11 views

THEMED SECTION: FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF NATURAL SCIENCES

Methodology for Analyzing the State of the Natural Environment of the Plain Territories of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
Kutinov Y.G., Chistova Z.B., Polyakova E.V., Mineev A.L., Belenovitch T.Y., Neverov N.A.
Abstract

The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for integrated geoecological zoning of the northern plain territories of the Russian Federation based on digital elevation models. Geomorphometric elevation parameters have been calculated to take into account: a) exogenous factors; b) endogenous factors – the coefficient of discreteness and energy intensity, fault density and the function of crushing the Earth’s crust. Such an integrated approach has no analogues and allows taking into account the impact on the state of the environment of exogenous and endogenous, climatic and other natural factors at the global, regional and local levels. As a result, a methodology for integrated geoecological zoning of the northern plain territories of the Russian Federation was developed on the basis of modern digital elevation models using GIS technologies and maps of geoecological zoning.

Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):12-24
pages 12-24 views
Isotope-Geochemical Studies of Groundwater in the Zapolyarny Region of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Malov A.I.
Abstract

The aquifer of sandy deposits in the talik zone of the Pechora River valley was studied. The use of information on the distribution of tritium isotopes made it possible to clarify the recharge conditions of groundwater and their genetic structure in different parts of the aquifer. The tritium age of groundwater in coastal wells was 20–25 years, on the basis of which it was concluded that the groundwater that entered the aquifer before 1995–2000 was almost completely replaced. In wells, remote from the river bank, the age of the water is in the range from 20 to 50 years. However, unlike onshore wells, these groundwaters contain “bomb” water and old water that entered the aquifer before 1952. The age of the old water reaches 12.9±2.5 thousand years. It has been established that the ratio between stable 13C and radioactive 14C isotopes of carbon changes with age, indicating an increase in the carbon exchange between dissolved inorganic carbon and soil carbon dioxide caused by permafrost thawing.

Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):25-36
pages 25-36 views
Areas of Intensive Nature Management in the Russian Arctic under Climate Change Conditions: Natural and Social Processes in the Long Term
Masloboev V.A., Makarov D.V., Borovichev E.A., Klyuchnikova E.M., Isaeva L.G., Riabova L.A., Denisov D.B., Svetlov A.V., Krasavtseva E.A., Maksimova V.V., Mazukhina S.I., Sukhareva T.A., Ershov V.V., Koroleva N.E., Ivanova L.V., Losev A.V.
Abstract

The work summarizes the results of investigations carried out in three directions (blocks).
Block 1. Terrestrial ecosystems in areas of intensive nature management are investigated. Climatic changes and anthropogenic impact result in transformation of landscapes with disturbed or completely destroyed vegetation cover. In freshwater ecosystems cardinal changes in the structural and functional organization from the multifactorial anthropogenic load against the background of a warming climate were revealed. We obtained unique data on the long-term dynamics of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.
Block 2. Enrichment tailings properties were studied, the influence of the dusting season duration and humidity changes on the gross dust emission was assessed; interaction of tailings with soil waters was studied. The potential ecological danger of tailings mineral particles getting into the soil was shown. The losses of non-ferrous metals during the period of waste storage under different climate change scenarios were estimated.
Block 3. People’s perceptions of climate change and its social consequences have been studied. The problem of climate change clearly correlates with ecological problems. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Arctic in the context of climate change was studied. The pandemic highlighted the unsustainability of the rotational method of resource development, with rotational camps becoming focal points of epidemiological hazards.

Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):37-53
pages 37-53 views
Anthropogenically Induced Processes in the Land Waters of the Arctic Regions
Moiseenko T.I., Bazova M.M.
Abstract

The characteristics of the development of anthropogenically induced processes in the land waters of the Arctic basin, such as eutrophication, acidification and toxic pollution in a changing climate, are characterized. The main changes in ecosystems and periods of occurrence of the most dangerous situations are shown. The criteria for diagnosing adverse processes and the need to tighten water quality standards for the waters of the Arctic regions are substantiated.

Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):54-74
pages 54-74 views
Modern Environmental-Economic Situation and Public Health in the Arctic Zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Stepanko N.G., Lozovskaya S.A., Shvedov V.G.
Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main parameters of environmental pollution in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), AZRS, as well as to the analysis of their impact on the health status of the population of this region. The collected data indicate that the main source of pollutants in this case is the mining industry, additional sources are the energy sector, transport and reindeer husbandry. Their negative impact is enhanced by such natural features of the regional natural environment as the slow decomposition of pollutants due to the annual predominance of low temperatures and, due to the presence of permafrost, their concentration in the upper soil layers. As a result of the study of the state of health of the population of the AZRS, the main composition of regional pathologies was determined, and a territorial picture of the incidence of the population of the region was compiled. An assessment of the state of regional health care is given and some proposals are formulated to improve the efficiency of its work.

Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):75-86
pages 75-86 views
Assessment of Hazardous Cryogenic Processes Impact on Engineering Facilities in the Arctic
Grebenets V.I., Iurov F.D., Kizyakov A.I., Zotova L.I., Maslakov A.A., Tolmanov V.A., Streletskaya I.D.
Abstract

Comprehensive studies of the state of the infrastructure in the Russian Arctic were carried out. The degree of deformation of objects and the impact of dangerous cryogenic and nival-glacial processes on the stability of buildings and constructions were assessed. It was established that a number of cryogenic processes that are dangerous for the infrastructure were developing in urbanized areas of the permafrost zone. They are caused (or activated) by anthropogenic impact or by climatic changes. Thermokarst, thermal erosion and thermal abrasion of banks, icings formation are activating. The tangential forces of frost heaving increase due to the increase of the active layer depth. Almost all the buildings and the life support systems at the territories of the national settlements of the Polar region are in an emergency or pre-emergency state. The percentage of deformation of the engineering infrastructure varies from 20% to 80% in industrial centers, which is often caused by the development of dangerous cryogenic processes. A methodic was developed to assess the negative impact of the most destructive processes on the infrastructure of settlements. It takes into account the degree of damage to the territory, the duration, and repeatability of processes. The risk assessment was carried out for one and a half dozen settlements in the Russian Arctic, with special attention paid to the infrastructure of the north of Western Siberia. The impact of waste disposal on the infrastructure of the Arctic was analyzed. A classification was proposed based on the degree of their influence on permafrost foundations. Proposals on stabilization of geotechnical situation in Arctic cities are given.

Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):87-102
pages 87-102 views
The Long-Term Changes in Water and Ions Flux of Northern Dvina and Pechora
Georgiadi A.G., Danilenko A.O.
Abstract

The long-term data sets of the annual and seasonal water flows and the major ions fluxes of the Northern Dvina River at the village of Ust-Pinega and Pechora River at the village of Ust-Tsilma were analyzed. Long-term phases of increased and decreased values of water runoff were identified, the duration of which ranged from 9 to 50 years, and their main characteristics were determined. The sequence and boundaries of the change in the contrasting phases of the annual water flow, the snowmelt flood flow and the summer-autumn flow on the Northern Dvina River and the annual water flow and snowmelt flood flow on the Pechora River practically coincided. The difference between the average annual and seasonal water flow in the phases of its increased and decreased values ranged from 11 to 41%, and the ion fluxes were in the range of 5–36%. The ion flux of contrast phases, as a rule, differs less than the water flow. This is due to the inverse nature of the dependence of the concentration of ions on the daily water discharges, because of which a kind of negative feedback is formed, stabilizing the intensity of chemical denudation in the watersheds of these rivers and the flux of the main ions into the seas, even with noticeable fluctuations in water flow.

Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):103-121
pages 103-121 views
Avalanche Activity in Russia in the Changing Climate
Turchaninova A.S., Sokratov S.A., Seliverstov Y.G., Komarov A.Y.
Abstract

The requirements for the calculation of indicators of avalanche activity determined by climatic conditions in the territories under developing, as well as prognosis of their changes in the future are enshrined in Russian Federation legislation. However, the data required for this do not exist for all the regions of the country, especially those, that are only now included in the industrial exploration. The dependences between the climatic and the geomorphological indicators and parameters of avalanches and avalanche activity are developed earlier on the basis of data from direct observations. The indicators are based on the average annual maximum ten-day snow cover height, the number of days with snow cover, the duration of the avalanche period and the average long-term frequency of avalanches. The climatic parameters presented by model MRI-CGCM3 (RCP 8.5) were incorporated into these dependences system. This made possible to estimate the indicators of avalanche activity for the middle and for the end of the 21st century. Also, their changes relative to the present conditions were assessed. Thus, a methodology was successfully tested that allows to include normatively defined characteristics of avalanche activity in the analysis and forecasts of regional climate changes for any climate scenarios.

Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):122-131
pages 122-131 views
The Phenomenon of Negative Viscosity During the Stretching of Synoptic Ocean Eddies by Barotropic Currents
Harutyunyan D.A.
Abstract

An ensemble of synoptic oceanic vortices, which is influenced by background currents, can be represented as the quasi-two-dimensional mesoscale turbulence. The evolution of vortices in an ensemble can occur according to several scenarios: 1) initial merging of closely spaced vortices of the same name; 2) periodic or quasi-periodic evolution of horizontal dimensions with their limited change; 3) unlimited stretching of vortices in the horizontal plane. The work is aimed at demonstrating the possibility of negative viscosity manifestation in the defined water areas of the World Ocean at the stage of unrestricted stretching of mesoscale vortex structures by horizontal inhomogeneous currents. The reason for the manifestation of negative viscosity in such a system is associated with the loss of energy of the elongated vortices and its redistribution into background currents.

Vestnik Rossijskij fond fundamentalʹnyh issledovanij. 2022;115(3-4):132-137
pages 132-137 views

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