Irrigation regime and fertilizer rates of adaptive tomato varieties and hybrids in conditions of slightly saline soils of the Bukhara region

The article presents the results of a study of the selected adaptive varieties and hybrids of tomato, under various irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates. The purpose of the research is to study the growth, development, bush formation, productivity, yield by harvests and fruit quality of the selected adaptive tomato varieties and hybrids under various irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates in conditions of slightly saline meadow-alluvial soils of the Bukhara region. Field experiments were carried out in conditions of irrigated meadow-alluvial soils of medium loamy mechanical composition of the farm «Khamroev Khalil Bozorovich» of the Jandarsky district of the Bukhara region. The soils of the experimental site are characterized by a humus content of 0.94-1.12 and 0.71-0.78; total nitrogen - 0.094-0.099 and 0.082-0.085; phosphorus - 0.13-0.19 and 0.10-0.12; potassium - 2.38-2.41 and 2.22-2.27%, mobile phosphorus - 12.4-12.8 and 9.3-9.9; exchangeable potassium - 204-211 and 185-190 mg/kg, reaction in an aqueous extract pH = 7.4-7.6, the degree of salinity is weakly chloride-sulfate (0.189- 0.195% chloride ion). The parameters of irrigation regimes, plant growth and formation of leaf surface, photosynthetic activity, amount of chlorophyll in leaves, net productivity of photosynthesis, productivity of tops, roots and bushes, yield, biochemical composition of the crop and economic efficiency of tomato cultivation were determined. It was revealed that the combined use of organomineral fertilizers at the rate of 20 t/ha of manure + N200P160K100kg/ha with an irrigation regime of 75-85-85% of the maximum permissible yield ensured the production of a highly stable (48.6-88.1 t/ha) crop with good biochemical composition and quality. At the same time, the yield per 1 m3of irrigation water is the highest (5.7-9.7 kg) or the lowest water consumption per 1 centner of yield (10.2-17.5 m3), which provided additional net income per hectare in the amount of 8.4-9.1 million soums and profitability of 6.6-13.6%.

сорта и гибриды томата, засоление, режим орошения, норм удобрений, урожайность, товарный урожай, выход урожая, расход поливной воды