Pathological fractures of the spine in children (review of the literature and clinical and morphological monocenter cohort analysis)
- Authors: Zorin V.I.1,2, Mushkin A.Y.1, Novitskaya T.A.1
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Affiliations:
- Saint Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
- Issue: Vol 8, No 1 (2020)
- Pages: 5-14
- Section: Original Study Article
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/turner/article/view/19015
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/PTORS19015
- ID: 19015
Cite item
Abstract
Background. Pathological vertebral fractures are rare and occur in inflammatory, tumor, and dystrophic lesions.
Aim. This study aimed to analyze clinical features and morphological structure of pathological fractures of the spine in children.
Materials and methods. The authors examined and operated 62 children aged 2–17 years for pathological vertebral fractures. We investigated the clinical, radiological, and morphological features.
Results. The average age of children at the time of hospitalization was 10 years. Lesions of thoracic vertebrae prevailed (78%) with the maximum frequency of occurrence at the apex of physiological kyphosis Th7–8. In 10 cases, multiple lesions were noted, including the pathology of other parts of the skeleton. In 69% of observations, clinical symptoms were not dominated by mechanical back pain. Palpation pain (34%) and local spinal deformation (27%) were noted. On average, local kyphosis was 24°. Eleven patients (18%) manifested a neurological deficiency, of which nine fractures were a consequence of the tumor process. In 16% of observations, the fracture of the vertebra was detected to be an accidental Х-ray finding. Among the radiation manifestations, all cases (12 patients) registered the decrease in the height of the vertebral body in the form of collapse. Destruction was manifested by various options other than blastic. Therapeutic and diagnostic interventions were performed in 56 patients, and in six children, manipulation was limited to trepan biopsy. The pathological fracture was caused by an inflammatory process in 50% of observations and tumors in 42%, of which 31% is malignant.
Conclusions. Pathological spinal fracture in children should be considered as a syndrome, which in most cases is based on an inflammatory or tumor process. The high frequency of neoplastic, including malignant processes, requires active invasive diagnosis. Therapeutic tactics are determined by the clinical, radiation, and morphological characteristics of pathology.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Vyacheslav I. Zorin
Saint Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Author for correspondence.
Email: maletin_aleksei@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9712-5509
MD, PhD, orthopedic and trauma surgeon of the Clinic of Children’s Surgery and Orthopedics; Associate Professor of the Department of Children’s Surgery
Russian Federation, 2-4, Ligovskiy pr., Saint-Petersburg, 191036; 41, Kirochnaya street, Saint-Petersburg, 191015Alexander Yu. Mushkin
Saint Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology
Email: aymushkin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1342-3278
MD, PhD, D.Sc., Professor, Head of the Clinic of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Head of the Scientific and Clinical Center of Spine Pathology
Russian Federation, 2-4, Ligovskiy pr., Saint-Petersburg, 191036Tatyana A. Novitskaya
Saint Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology
Email: lab_immun@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5137-5126
MD, PhD, Head of the Pathoanatomical Department
Russian Federation, 2-4, Ligovskiy pr., Saint-Petersburg, 191036References
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