人工智能在医疗实践中的认识论地位:伦理挑战
- 作者: Baeva A.V.1
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隶属关系:
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 期: 卷 5, 编号 1 (2024)
- 页面: 120-132
- 栏目: 科学评论
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/DD/article/view/262982
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/DD625319
- ID: 262982
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详细
最近,在现代科学研究中越来越多地讨论认为,随着人工智能技术的发展,知识的客观性、可信度和可靠性出现了问题,以及这些技术是否会取代专家的问题。科迄今为止,专家一直是客观性的保证和决策中心。现代科学史学家L.Daston和P.Galison在他们关于科学客观性历史的著作中谈到了“认识论美德”的更迭。客观性从某个时刻就确立为其中之一。美德是科学家选择理解方式和科学实践的规范性原则。管理科学信念的特定美德的弘扬过程取决于科学家在需要意志和信念限制的困难情况下做出的决策。从这个意义上说,认识论与伦理学是相通的。科学家在某些道德原则的指导下,倾向于这样或那样的行为方式。例如,科学家选择一张未经修饰的照片,而不是更精确的手绘图像。照片可能模糊不清,但它是通过机械方式获得的,这意味着这样的照片更加客观,未受到任何主观因素的影响。在这方面,以人工智能为基础的现代技术的认识论地位很有意思。这些人工智能技术越来越多地承担科学信念的功能,包括在影响最终决策和获取客观知识方面。例如,在医学领域,机器人设备已经开始提供重要的支持。一些功能被转移到这些机器上,例如一线医生收集和分析病人标准数据的功能和诊断功能。有一种假设认为,在不久的将来,越来越多的职责将移交给人工智能:数据处理、新药物和新疗法的开发、与病人建立远程互动等等。这是否意味着科学可能会被基于人工智能的算法所取代,客观性将被另一种最终打破伦理学与认识论之间联系的认识论美德所取代。这是一个需要探讨的问题。
作者简介
Angelina V. Baeva
Lomonosov Moscow State University
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: a-baeva93@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-5871-6217
SPIN 代码: 2951-1427
Cand. Sci. (Philosophy)
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