From a Reasoned Assumption to Evidence: Why Empirical Research Needs a Hypothesis?

The formulation of a research hypothesis constitutes the conceptual foundation of scientific inquiry and plays a pivotal role in shaping its logical and methodological structure. This article explores the significance of a clearly articulated, testable hypothesis as a prerequisite for ensuring internal coherence, reproducibility, and methodological rigor in research design. Particular attention is given to the classification of hypothesis types (null, alternative, directional, non-directional, descriptive, and explanatory) with examples of their application in the context of applied research in food technology. Additionally, the article examines the strengths and weaknesses of hypothesis formulation, outlines common errors encountered in this process, and presents an algorithm for constructing methodologically sound hypotheses aimed at empirical verification.

research hypothesis, research design, hypothesis testability, hypothesis falsifiability, reproducibility, types of hypotheses, hypothesis formulation errors