Overhead reception and pass in volleyball: the role and importance of spatial orientation for volleyball players

modern volleyball is a fast and competitive sport, where the team's result largely depends on the harmonious interaction of all its members. One of the main components that influence the quality of the game is the reception of the ball, in particular the overhead pass and the handling of the ball from above. This article discusses the importance of the overhead pass and reception of the ball in volleyball, as well as their relationship with spatial orientation in players aged 12 to 15 years. It examines how the skill of performing these elements affects the overall dynamics of the game and the effectiveness of the team's attacking actions. As a result of pedagogical observation conducted among volleyball players of this age category, it was found that players must be able to adapt to various situations on the court, for example, to blocks by the opponent or to a change in the direction of the attack. This requires not only physical fitness, but also psychological stability, because in a tense game, unpredictable moments often arise that require instant decisions. Analysis and adjustment of game actions is another important aspect. The better the spatial orientation of a volleyball player is developed, the easier it is to accurately determine where the ball is, how its trajectory and speed are changing, and what actions the opponents are taking. Analysis of the training process showed that insufficient attention is paid to the overhead pass and ball reception, which, in turn, negatively affects the final results of the game. The article focuses on the importance of an integrated approach to training, which should cover both technical and tactical aspects of the game. It is recommended to introduce game exercises and situations, which can significantly increase the effectiveness of training and improve the quality of the game. In addition, it is important to take into account the individual characteristics of each player, their physical fitness and skill level. An integrated approach to the training process, which includes technical, tactical and psychological preparation, can significantly improve the level of play and the team's results both in training and in competitions.

volleyball, training process, exercises, spatial orientation, game actions, training, skill, observation, overhead pass, game