Nº 2(113) (2023)

In the chosen world, special attention is riveted to the Arctic. Against the backdrop of an overpopulated, overburdened South, conflicts and military clashes occur. The territory of the North and the Arctic is not taken into account as a certain land "reserve" of the planet, where space is still rarefied in that the climate is heavier and harsher. The creation of an environment for human life here, the evolution of this environment, from phenomenal to quite acceptable civilized forms, is the application of the experience of social history, which is very important for understanding the geography of the Russian world, substantiating the status of Russia as an Arctic state. The purpose of the research project "Russian Arctic: from settlements to "colonies" (adaptation, family, culture)", implemented for three years (2020–2022), was the historical reconstruction of family-related structures that appeared on the Murmansk coast of the Barents seas during the formation of a permanent population in this area (the second half of the 19 th– early 20 th centuries). Based on the processing of registers of births and other records of the Orthodox population, demographic data were reconstructed and introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, as well as family structures in the form of generational lists of families living in this area, which included information about more than 7 thousand people. The results of the project are summarized in the new scientific publication "Historical and genealogical atlas of the Russian Arctic: Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea (1868–1920)". The publication illustrates the contribution of Russians to the development of the Arctic and is one of the visible evidence of Russia's historical rights to this region of the planet.

The article deals with the issues of taking into account the opinion of the local population when justifying and implementing projects for industrial development of the Arctic. The mechanism and procedures for assessing and taking into account the opinion of the population at all stages of the life cycle of a project for exploration and extraction of minerals from its initiation to completion are proposed by informing the population about the project of planned activities, holding public hearings, ethnological expertise, as well as ethnological audit and ethnosocial monitoring. The model of interaction of stakeholders (mining companies, local authorities and indigenous peoples of the North) is based on the concept of sharing joint benefits from the industrial development of the Arctic, which is based on the cooperation of the parties and corporate social responsibility of business in the area of planned activities. It is proposed to protect the interests of indigenous peoples by signing agreements on the socio-economic development of the territory, creating compensation funds and implementing compensation projects of socio-economic, environmental orientation and projects to preserve the culture and ethnos of indigenous peoples, which are formed on the basis of population surveys. The algorithm of multi-criteria evaluation, ranking and selection of compensation projects, taking into account priorities for various groups of the population, as well as economic regulators for supporting compensation projects, including direct action tools (compensation fund, etc.), and indirect action tools (tax incentives, subsidies to support traditional crafts, etc.) is proposed.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between the structure of identities and patriotic models in the minds of school students in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The theoretical basis of the study was both the concept of the "matryoshka" of identities and the theory of patriotism, considering its manifestations as a dichotomy of "blind" and "constructive", "emotional" and "activity" types. The empirical basis of the study was the results of longitudinal surveys of students in grades 9–11, conducted in 2020 in 10 regions and in 2022 in 4 regions of the Siberian Federal District. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to divide the studied population into 4 clusters: a cluster of “blind”, “active” patriotism with a strong institutional component, “constructive” patriots, “loyalists” and “silent ones”, determine the combination of identities corresponding to each cluster and trace their dynamics. As a result, conclusions were made about the decrease in the influence of the identity factor on the disengagement of young people in relation to patriotism and the possibility of reducing the indicated disengagements to the basic opposition of "patriots" and "non-patriots".

The beginnings of professional philosophy in Russia are connected with the emergence of a secular system of education in the 18th century (Academic and Moscow Universities). For the first two centuries, philosophy occupied, though notably, a peripheral position in St Pe-tersburg's academic science. The situation changed in Soviet times with the emergence of the public university, when philosophy was given an ideological and educational role. The main focus of this research is the collective biography of philosophers at St. Petersburg Uni-versity which is being restored through several periods in the history of professional philoso-phy in St. Petersburg: 1) biographies of philosophers of the 'Academic University' and the period of the Main Institute of Education (in wide chronological framework of 1724–1819); 2) biographies of philosophers of the 'Imperial University' (1819–1919); 3) biographies of philosophers in the 'Age of Transformation' (period of Faculty of Social Sciences, Historical and Linguistic Faculty) (1918–1930s); 4) biographies of scientists from the School of Philos-ophy of the Moscow School of Economics. ); 4) biographies of academics in the Faculty of Philosophy (1940–2013). In order to draw a collective portrait of the corporation of universi-ty philosophers, prosopography methods are used to trace the dynamics of the processes tak-ing place in the professional community. The quantitative changes of the philosophers of St. Petersburg/Leningrad University are noted and compared with another professional corpora-tion - university historians. It is noted that the study is based on the database – electronic dic-tionary «Philosophers of St. Petersburg University».

The article presents some findings of the research project "Traditional Material Culture Realia in Southeast Asia Languages and Folklore Texts". The main goal of the project is to show how the common for various South-East Asia populations material-culture elements are reflected in the areal languages — primarily, in their vocabulary. As an example of the research under the project, the article proposes an analysis of two lexemes for ‘gong’ and ‘cymbal’, respectively. Our research traces the “migration” of the corresponding terms between languages belonging to the various language families of the area (Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan, and Kra-Tai). Hypotheses on the ways of these lexemes’ distribution across the region are proposed. The article also describes the main results of our 2022 expedition to the north of Cambodia (a region inhabited by indigenous peoples of the Austroasiatic language family).

The article is devoted to a detailed description of the procedure and results of a screening scale elaboration for rapid diagnosis of autism risk in Russian 3–4-year-olds. The study sample consisted of 926 children, of whom 383 were clinically diagnosed with ASD (autism spectrum disorder), 200 with DD (developmental delay), and 343 were from the Norm group. Using mathematical modeling methods, a 20-point scale of autism was constructed. The factor validity, reliability and effectiveness of the developed scale have been confirmed. The accuracy of the scale was 88.91% (sensitivity 92.1%, specificity 87.2%). The scale is based on 40 symptoms of autism, representing 4 vectors of its manifestation, 3 of which correspond to the main symptoms of autism according to DSM-5: "Emotional disorders", "Sensory disorders", "Communication disorders", but another dimension was also obtained called "Hyperactivity"/Disinhibition", which is unique for ASD models. The multigroup confirmatory factor analysis of structural and measurement equivalence confirmed the 4-vector structure of ASD for a sample of children with ASD, its structural and measurement invariance with respect to children with ASD differing in gender and age: boys and girls, 3- and 4-year-olds. However, for children without ASD, the existence of such a structure was not confirmed. Therefore, the selected scales reflect the autism vectors specific to children with ASD, according to which children with ASD differ from other children to the greatest extent.

The paper examines modern religious practices of two ethno-confessional groups of the Chuvash — Orthodox and unbaptized, shows the traditional forms of worship and their trans-formation at the turn of the century, determines the compliance of existing practices with the "norms" of the declared religious identity. The study showed that changes in religious prac-tices were manifested in the reduction in number of participants, in the reduction of rituals and the disappearance of a number of elements, in the festivization of the festive and ritual culture, the loss of the original meaning of religious rituals, but at the same time in the growth of activity of the Orthodox Chuvash in the formation of the sacred landscape of their villages and the performance of religious cult. For both groups, there is a discrepancy be-tween confessional identity and actual religious practices: among the Orthodox — in the form of Orthodox-pagan syncretism and dual faith, among the unbaptized — in the form of elements of Orthodox culture and participation in Orthodox rituals. They are caused by the instability of confessional "borders" due to religious conversion, and the transformation of ritual practices. The study is based on the author's field materials collected in Chuvash vil-lages in the Samara region, the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan, and the Chuvash Republic.