Platform economy: new challenges and opportunities

the article examines the formation and development of the platform economy as a key phenomenon of the digital transformation of modern society. It is shown that digital platforms are becoming major actors in economic relations, creating new mechanisms for value creation and distribution, and significantly changing the nature of interaction between business, government, and society. Based on the analysis of statistical data, expert reports, and academic publications, the main directions of the impact of the platform economy on economic growth, the social sphere, and the institutional environment are identified. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of international practices and the Russian experience. It was revealed that leading world economies demonstrate a high level of integration of platform business models into key industries, which provides them with sustainable competitive advantages. In Russia, the development of digital ecosystems is also observed in the fields of e-commerce, financial technologies, and public administration; however, it remains constrained by institutional and technological barriers. The social consequences of platformization are also considered, including the emergence of flexible forms of employment, expanded access to goods and services, as well as risks of income instability and growing social inequality. The study highlights the main challenges associated with market monopolization, dependence on global players, and the need to ensure digital sovereignty. It is concluded that the development of a comprehensive state policy aimed at stimulating innovation, supporting national digital ecosystems, and establishing effective regulatory mechanisms is necessary to minimize risks and maximize the opportunities of the platform economy.

platform economy, digital platforms, digitalization, ecosystems, socio-economic development, institutional challenges, digital sovereignty, innovation, labor market, government regulation