Evolution of the conceptual foundations of the theory of innovation transfer: from linear models to a systems approach

the paper views innovation transfer as an evolving, multi-channel process, transitioning from linear/chain-linked models to systems-based, networked understandings – from linear and chain-linked views to a systems and network approach that captures multichannel, recursive flows and institutional settings. The objective is to trace the evolution of concepts, identify their limits, and propose a theoretical–methodological framework for analyzing and designing innovation transfer policy at sectoral and regional levels. The methodology fuses a diachronic review of innovation process modeling with bibliometric cartography of output dynamics and topical spaces (WoS/Scopus) and a synthesis that organizes findings across micro-, meso-, macro-, and global layers of transfer channels: licensing and patents, university – industry collaboration, strategic alliances and M&A, labor mobility, open data and digital platforms. We show that systems/network models better explain transfer in tightly coupled technologies and in regional clusters, where coordination institutions, standards and digital knowledge infrastructures are critical. An integrated typology of transfer directions and carriers is presented alongside a monitoring toolbox (co-authored publications/patents, PCT filings, venture activity, collaborations) suitable for tailoring innovation policy instruments. The contribution lies in a coherent conceptual framework of innovation transfer and in policy implications for “systems-oriented” commercialization and transfer, sensitive to sectoral and regional specificities.

innovation transfer, innovation policy, innovation process models, network ecosystems, bibliometrics and scientometrics