Influence of Urea-Formaldehyde Fertilizers, Urea and Ammonium Nitrate on the Productivity and Quality of Spring Wheat Grain

Studies to study the effect of new forms of carbamide-formaldehyde fertilizers (UF) with prolonged action on the yield and quality of spring wheat grains were conducted in 2024–2025 in the Smolensk region on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in a microfield experiment. Experimental scheme: – background (control); background + N carbamide; background + N (UF-1); background + N (UF-2); background + N 60 (UF-3); 60 background + N ammonium nitrate. 60 Agrochemical characteristics 60 of the soil: humus content 60 (according to Tyurin) – 1.96 60 %, mobile forms of PO 60 and KO (according to Kirsanov) – 96.1 and 115.0 mg/kgof soil, respectively, pH – 5.7. The growing seasons of 2024 and 2025 2 were 5 characterized 2 by elevated air temperature and excessive precipitation in June and KCl July, and in August, during grain loading, precipitation was below the climatic norm (60–70 % of the annual average). It was found that the use of three new forms of CFCs increases the yield of spring wheat grain by 37–65 %, and the use of urea and ammonium nitrate in the same doses by 54 % and 61 %, respectively. The maximum yield in the experiment was noted from UF-1 to 320 g/m2 (+ 65 % of the control). The crude protein content significantly increased by 1.2 % relative to the control when adding UF-2 (11.97 %). The use of new nitrogen fertilizers studied in the experiment (except UF-2) had a positive effect on the accumulation of nitrogen consumed in grain, increasing the nitrogen index (the proportion of nitrogen accumulated in grain from its total accumulation in the crop) from 63 % to 68 %. UF-1 has the highest efficiency of the new forms of fertilizers, which is confirmed by the maximum experimental increase in yield to control, nitrogen removal by yield (+ 58.7 %), nitrogen utilization rate of fertilizer (56.4 %), and the payback of UF nitrogen by grain yield increase (21 kgof grain/kgN).

spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), urea (carbamide), ammonium nitrate, urea-formaldehyde fertilizer (UF), nitrogen fertilizer, grain weight