Apple varieties of the i. v. michurin federal scientific center as a basis for ensuring the breeding advantage of the biochemical composition of fruits

The research was conducted in 2019–2023 at the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, Michurinsk, Tambov region. The aim of the work was to identify valuable genotypes of apple trees with an increased content of biologically active compounds in fruits for industrial production and use in further breeding. 15 apple varieties by the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center’s breeding were the objects of the work. It was vatities Uspenskoye, Skala, Vimpel, Flagman, Stela, Bylina, Frigate, Krasulya, Pamyati Nesterova, Blagovest, Academik Kazakov, Munster, Carodeyka, Purpurnoe CGL inncluded at the State Register of breeding achievements approved for use, as well as Gourman variety passing variety testing. Antonovka obyknovennaya and Bogatyr varieties were used as controls. Planting scheme was 6×3 m., year of laying – 2009, rootstock 54–118. The soil type was leached medium-power black soil with a loamy mechanical composition. Fruits biochemical composition study was carried out by generally accepted methods in three-fold repetition. The highest accumulation of vitamin C (mg / 100 g) was noted in the fruits of the Uspenskoye (26.5) and Skala (25.6) varieties, which exceeds the control level (Antonovka obyknovennaya) by 74.3 % and 68.4 %. A high content of P-active compounds (from 231 to 296 mg/100 g) was noted in the varieties Skala, Krasulya, Uspenskoye, which is 9.0… 39.6 % higher than the control (Antonovka obyknovennaya). The Pamyati Nesterova variety in terms of accumulation of SDS (17.5 %) and the amount of sugars (15.2 %) exceed the level of control varieties by 22.4… 63.4 %. The Gourman variety has the highest value of SAI (39.1 units), which exceeds the level of Antonovka obyknovennaya by 4.7 times and Bogatyr by 2.7 times. In terms of chlorogenic acid content the fruits of the Vimpel variety exceeded the average by 38.4 %. Fresh consumption is the main purpose of the obtained apple varieties as well as natural processed products for functional purposes with a high content level of vitamins and biologically active substances production.