Analysis of cognitive profiles in schizophrenia and NSAID-induced psychosis

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Abstract

The present study is aimed at analyzing and comparing cognitive profiles in disorders of various origins: endogenous, represented by cases of schizophrenia, and exogenous, caused by the use of new psychoactive substances (NSAIDs), mainly synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids. The object of study is the features of cognitive impairments that manifest themselves in such functional areas as memory, attention, and thinking. The study involves identifying differences in the structure, severity, and potential stability of these disorders, which is of particular importance in the context of modern differential diagnosis. A comparative analysis of cognitive characteristics in conditions of various origins makes it possible not only to clarify ideas about the patterns of their formation, but also to lay the foundations for an individualized approach to restoring cognitive functions within the framework of rehabilitation therapy, taking into account the specifics of disorders in each group. The BACS scale, Schulte tables, the "Elimination of excess" technique and the "Missing details" subtest of the Wexler test were used. The paper presents systematic differences in the cognitive characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and NSAID-induced psychoses. It has been established that schizophrenia is dominated by disorders in the field of semantic processing, verbal memory and sustained attention, characterized by stability. The group of NSAID psychoses is dominated by regulatory and executive deficits, including a weakening of voluntary control, a decrease in working memory, and situational thinking errors. These disorders, unlike the schizophrenic profile, are characterized by greater lability. The data obtained clarify the understanding of the cognitive organization of psychotic states of different origins and can be used in the practice of differential diagnosis, as well as in the construction of individual cognitive correction programs. Despite the differences, both groups show similar difficulties in thinking flexibly and paying attention, which may make it difficult to differentiate in the acute period. The identified profiles make it possible to more accurately distinguish between psychoses of various origins and serve as the basis for building individualized cognitive correction programs, taking into account the specifics of disorders in each group.

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