Specialized forms of constitutionalism as indicators of the institutional transformation of public power

In recent decades, state power has become a multilayered, multi-component, and multilevel system in which various structures and mechanisms interact with each other and sometimes compete for influence. This requires a revision of traditional approaches to the analysis of public power and is associated with the necessity of developing new theoretical and practical models capable of adequately reflecting the real picture of state activity in the context of modern political and legal transformations. Constitutionalism, in its classical interpretation, is based on universal and abstract principles such as the rule of law, separation of powers, protection of human rights, and guarantees of legal order. However, in light of the growing complexity of the modern state apparatus, the universality of these principles is undergoing adaptation and specification, which necessitates reflecting on specialized forms of constitutionalism, such as judicial, administrative, financial, and others. These specialized forms become not just technical means of implementing a general constitutional order but also important indicators of deeper transformations occurring within the constitutional framework. In this regard, the subject of research is the specificity of the emergence and functioning of these specialized forms in the context of adapting universal principles of constitutionalism to changing conditions and the differentiated structure of modern state power. The methodological foundation of the work consists of systemic, institutional, and comparative-legal approaches that allow for the identification of patterns in the evolution of public legal mechanisms. The application of methods of legal dogmatics and critical analysis ensures a theoretical depth in the understanding of specialized forms of constitutional regulation. The novelty of the research lies in the conceptualization of specialized forms of constitutionalism as stable adaptive mechanisms that support the integrity of the constitutional order in conditions of its complexity. It is indicated that these specialized forms are not opposed to classical constitutionalism, but represent its institutional development. Emphasis is placed on the fact that such forms contribute to strengthening legal guarantees, improving the balance of powers, and increasing the flexibility of the public governance system in modern society. Their manifestations in various legal systems are analyzed. Within the framework of the research, the thesis is substantiated that functional specialization is a necessary condition for actualizing the basic values of the constitutional legal order. It is concluded that specialized forms of constitutionalism should be considered as indicators of the maturity and adaptability of public authority.

constitutionalism, institutional transformation, public power, specialization, judicial constitutionalism, administrative constitutionalism, financial constitutionalism, constitution, functional differentiation, rule of law