The Evolution of Protectionist Policy: A Historical and Analytical Review of Key Stages and Trends
- Authors: Solodukhina O.I.1
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Affiliations:
- Issue: No 2 (2025)
- Pages: 13-33
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://ogarev-online.ru/2454-0684/article/view/368906
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NEITUI
- ID: 368906
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Abstract
The subject of the study is the evolution of protectionist policy, including key stages and trends in historical and analytical contexts. Protectionism is one of the key tools used by governments to control and protect the national economy. It is applied both to ensure economic security and to support key industries. The historical-political analysis of the concept of protectionism is particularly relevant after the emergence of asymmetric security threats caused by international factors, which led to the return of protectionist practices after decades of globalization, economic liberalization, and trade policy implementation. During the formation of the foreign trade strategy based on protectionist principles, mercantilism served as the theoretical foundation. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of key historical stages and trends in the formation and development of the concept of protectionism. The research is based on the comprehensive application of various scientific methods, such as logical, comparative, structural analysis, synthesis, and historical analysis. A key methodological principle is the integration of theoretical and practical aspects, which determines the direction and content of the analytical work. To achieve the research objective, the main methodological approaches have been applied, including the dialectical method, retrospective analysis, and systemic analysis. The analysis of the evolution of mercantilist ideas allows for the conclusion that there has been a shift in protectionist policy from the use of monetary tools to those that stimulate domestic production and exports. Protectionism is actively applied in conditions of economic instability. However, the transition to trade liberalization occurs when the economic situation stabilizes and the level of development increases. At the same time, free trade may be accompanied by the use of hidden forms of protectionism. Despite forecasts from some experts that protectionist policies would gradually lose relevance in the context of globalization, it has not only persisted but has also successfully integrated into the new economic reality. The article proposes an author's definition of the concept of "protectionism," based on the results of a retrospective analysis of protectionism as a policy consisting of a set of tools aimed at supporting the economy of the state.
About the authors
Ol'ga Ivanovna Solodukhina
Email: kuznecova_olja@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8611-1320
References
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