General trends in the development of American historiography in line with the pragmatic turn

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The pragmatic turn and the philosophy of pragmatism in versions X. Putnam and R. Bernstein are presented in the form of general epistemological attitudes of the most promising areas of historical thought in the United States. Under their methodological influence, everyday practices and the historical experience of rationalization of activities were at the center of research interests. Ideas about the relationship between macro and micro levels of historical reality have changed, determinism has been abandoned, new forms of historical description have appeared. The author's goal is to reveal the content of these concepts, to determine their role in specific research areas, as well as to try to characterize the specifics of the American version of the pragmatic turn. In the first part of the article, the analysis of the most significant trends for the development of historical science in the USA related to the correction of ideological ideas and cognitive principles of the philosophy of pragmatism is carried out. In the second part of the article, the key theses, concepts, conceptual and terminological apparatus of the works of leading experts on transnational, social, environmental, and legal history are correlated with the theoretical provisions of the pragmatic turn in social and humanitarian knowledge. A multidimensional review of the development of modern American historiography is presented. The ways of resolving previous scientific contradictions and constructing new variants of national identity, ways of updating the methodological arsenal and updating historical knowledge are described.

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