The main directions of emigration of mountain Jews in the second half of the XX – early XXI century

The article explores the main directions of emigration of mountain Jews in the second half of the XX – early XXI century. Mountain Jews, Caucasian Jews or Juurs, or to be more precise, their ancestors appeared in the Caucasus, presumably in the VI century A.D. The territories of the modern Republic of Azerbaijan and the south of the Republic of Dagestan became the places of their compact settlement in this region. Mountain Jews have always lived in harmony and peace with other peoples in the Caucasus. The situation changed in the 1970s when they began to repatriate to Israel. However, the resettlement movement became more widespread in the 1990s during the disintegration of the USSR. The author analyzes the reasons for the mass exodus of representatives of this community, including political, economic and social factors. Special attention is paid to migration routes, such as moving to Israel, the USA and Europe, as well as the peculiarities of adaptation of mountain Jews in new conditions. The paper examines changes in cultural identity and the preservation of traditions in the context of the diaspora. Among the methods used in this study are the historical method (historical-genetic), historical-comparative method, historical-typological method, historical-structural method, documentary analysis. The study combines historical and sociological aspects of the emigration of mountain Jews, which allows for a more complete understanding of cause-and-effect relationships. The article presents statistical data that were not previously taken into account in research on this topic. New migration routes and links with diasporas are analyzed, which actualizes the problem of identity and cultural adaptation. The influence of political and economic changes in the countries of origin and admission on the dynamics of emigration is investigated. Conclusions: 1. The emigration of mountain Jews in the second half of the 20th century was mainly caused by political and economic difficulties, and at the beginning of the 21st century by the search for better living conditions and integration into new societies. 2. The main areas of emigration are Israel, the USA, Canada, Germany and Austria, where mountain Jews have found an opportunity to maintain their culture and identity. 3. The emigration process had a significant impact on the demographic structure, which led, in fact, to the disappearance of communities of mountain Jews in traditional places of residence.

Mountain Jews, Juhurs, emigration, diaspora, repatriation, community, Aliyah, integration, synagogue, identity